WEBVTT 00:00:19.000 --> 00:00:25.220 I'm gonna start with a story today that has absolutely nothing to do with theology, but also has everything to do with it a 00:00:27.040 --> 00:00:29.040 Few years ago a couple years ago 00:00:31.940 --> 00:00:36.520 Some of you know that we've owned a apparel business an apparel shop for a while and 00:00:37.720 --> 00:00:43.380 Make apparel and so a few years ago Jaden and I my oldest son 00:00:44.220 --> 00:00:46.220 Went to Las Vegas together 00:00:47.660 --> 00:00:51.380 He wasn't 21 so I don't know what that means. We just 00:00:52.820 --> 00:00:54.820 We were there for work 00:00:54.900 --> 00:00:57.420 but we went to Las Vegas and 00:00:58.060 --> 00:01:00.060 We're in Vegas. We went to this 00:01:01.020 --> 00:01:04.840 Apparel manufacturers show or we got to meet different 00:01:05.820 --> 00:01:09.700 Manufacturers from all over the world that make make clothing that we could buy 00:01:11.180 --> 00:01:13.180 in bulk in order to 00:01:14.380 --> 00:01:17.360 You know make make stuff custom do all kinds of stuff so 00:01:17.940 --> 00:01:22.480 While we were there we walked around. We talked to a bunch of different people and but while we're there 00:01:22.480 --> 00:01:29.080 I found myself standing in a booth for a company that made socks. I 00:01:29.780 --> 00:01:31.780 Know exhilarating 00:01:33.380 --> 00:01:35.700 So there's there's a picture of 00:01:36.900 --> 00:01:41.620 That's actually not the booth that looks way cooler. I couldn't find the picture that I took of the booth, but um 00:01:43.880 --> 00:01:46.620 Imagine you're standing in this booth looking at these socks on the wall 00:01:47.080 --> 00:01:52.140 Custom cool different kind of socks the one that we were standing in was a manufacturer of China that made 00:01:53.780 --> 00:01:56.220 Like high-performance socks 00:01:59.060 --> 00:02:05.580 Don't it's a thing who in here has high-performance socks. Yeah, there you go. Raise your hands high. Come on. Yes 00:02:09.260 --> 00:02:12.540 Custom high-performance the maiden China and 00:02:13.260 --> 00:02:15.300 This supplier 00:02:15.300 --> 00:02:20.080 Supplies like some of the biggest brands in the world like the socks those high-performance socks that you wear 00:02:20.080 --> 00:02:22.460 they probably make them or if not the 00:02:23.340 --> 00:02:27.620 Manufacture right next to them. There's like a little town in China that is like the sock manufacturing town 00:02:28.660 --> 00:02:30.660 but they make these like 00:02:31.660 --> 00:02:35.860 Really highly technical socks compression zones moisture wicking 00:02:36.220 --> 00:02:42.580 They're reinforced for impact in different areas. You know running. I don't have those kind, but I 00:02:43.140 --> 00:02:50.660 Have uh, I have some socks it when I was doing motorcycle stuff. So I used to go go to the track and 00:02:51.540 --> 00:02:55.640 would race around the the track and I had some socks that were 00:02:56.180 --> 00:02:57.800 especially 00:02:57.800 --> 00:03:04.500 Specifically for like riding with wick away compression certain areas protect from the high boots that you're wearing 00:03:05.220 --> 00:03:07.220 and they were like I 00:03:08.300 --> 00:03:14.700 Want to say even as a dealer at the time that was like buying them straight from manufacturer. I think I was paying like 40 bucks 00:03:15.340 --> 00:03:19.500 They're not manufactured straight from the brand. I think I was paying 40 bucks a pair 00:03:20.380 --> 00:03:22.220 for these socks. I 00:03:22.220 --> 00:03:25.820 Know it's crazy, but they were super technical. So 00:03:27.420 --> 00:03:29.760 But I'm standing there. I'm in this booth. I'm looking at these socks 00:03:30.140 --> 00:03:33.820 They've got all the different pieces of the socks that I'm used to seeing and 00:03:34.380 --> 00:03:39.020 The person's telling me like these we yeah, we do these for this brand and this brand and this brand 00:03:40.300 --> 00:03:42.300 Wow, okay, cool 00:03:42.780 --> 00:03:48.860 What are your minimums because when you talk to manufacturer they have a minimum number that you order from them in order for them to sell to you 00:03:48.940 --> 00:03:51.660 What are your minimums? He says a thousand pairs of socks 00:03:52.380 --> 00:03:57.100 Okay, that's a lot. That's a lot of socks. Um, but not if you're buying them to sell right 00:03:57.500 --> 00:04:00.380 It's not not an outrageous number for fully custom accessories 00:04:02.380 --> 00:04:06.460 And then we get to the question on a minimum thousand pairs 00:04:07.340 --> 00:04:13.420 What's your costs on these socks landed to me taxes tariffs? This is before trump 00:04:15.420 --> 00:04:17.420 Like 00:04:17.420 --> 00:04:25.020 Shipping to me at my door all in what does it cost if I buy a thousand pairs of custom shoes or custom socks 00:04:26.620 --> 00:04:28.620 And he looks at me and he says 00:04:28.860 --> 00:04:32.460 Depending on the different aspects of the sock what you're wanting, um 00:04:33.260 --> 00:04:36.860 Between 50 cents and a dollar 25 00:04:38.460 --> 00:04:40.620 Us a pair like what what? 00:04:41.820 --> 00:04:45.100 50 cents for a pair of socks that I pay 40 dollars for 00:04:47.820 --> 00:04:50.140 And he's like those are probably a dollar 25 00:04:51.340 --> 00:04:52.460 still 00:04:52.460 --> 00:04:58.700 My 40 dollar motorcycle socks the ones that I buy because they're special and technical and worth every 00:04:58.860 --> 00:05:00.700 penny 00:05:00.700 --> 00:05:02.700 They're a dollar 25 00:05:05.500 --> 00:05:11.100 Less than two dollars a pair and I'm like how many of those do I need a thousand divided by um 00:05:13.500 --> 00:05:15.500 And then my brain went further like 00:05:16.220 --> 00:05:19.020 And I asked like what if they were just like plain white socks 00:05:20.460 --> 00:05:26.140 You know the bulk socks that you buy at like walmart like 12 pairs of socks for 12 dollars 00:05:26.780 --> 00:05:30.300 And he's like those usually they're bought in 00:05:31.020 --> 00:05:37.340 The thousands and thousands millions even it's like they're you're getting like under five cents a pair 00:05:37.740 --> 00:05:39.740 Oh, what how 00:05:42.460 --> 00:05:45.580 So even those socks that for those of you that don't like your technical socks 00:05:47.260 --> 00:05:49.260 They're crazy 00:05:50.460 --> 00:05:52.460 So you can imagine my problem 00:05:53.100 --> 00:05:55.100 when I go to the store now 00:05:55.900 --> 00:05:57.900 And I need to buy socks 00:05:59.420 --> 00:06:02.780 And I'm like I don't what I don't want to pay this 00:06:03.580 --> 00:06:08.700 But what do you do order a thousand socks pairs of socks? So what we're going to do is we're going to pull our money 00:06:08.700 --> 00:06:10.700 We're going to figure out what we want 00:06:11.980 --> 00:06:15.420 This is it's like an MLM this it works in churches guys 00:06:20.540 --> 00:06:24.380 But this is what happens when you get new information 00:06:26.540 --> 00:06:29.260 That reframes something that you thought you understood 00:06:30.380 --> 00:06:33.020 Like you can't go back like I can not go into a store 00:06:33.660 --> 00:06:37.500 Like I used I used to buy like stance socks and they're expensive 00:06:38.300 --> 00:06:40.460 I don't know why I buy them because the NBA wears them 00:06:44.060 --> 00:06:45.900 And I constantly put holes in them 00:06:47.180 --> 00:06:50.700 Muddies always like how do you get holes in your socks so fast like 00:06:53.420 --> 00:06:57.340 So there are a thousand pairs of socks so a pair of socks for 50 cents 00:06:58.940 --> 00:07:00.940 Yeah thousand so 00:07:01.100 --> 00:07:03.580 $500 we all pull our money. Yeah 00:07:04.780 --> 00:07:10.060 Actually right now from China with tariffs they're probably they're probably like $17 a pair but 00:07:12.620 --> 00:07:19.340 But once I go like I can't go back I cannot look at socks the same way the same thing happens with t-shirts and pants and shoot like it's 00:07:20.060 --> 00:07:21.980 Don't don't do this guys don't look at it 00:07:23.580 --> 00:07:25.660 like you see differently 00:07:25.660 --> 00:07:27.500 the 00:07:27.500 --> 00:07:29.500 Old way of seeing it 00:07:29.500 --> 00:07:33.100 The one that you never even questioned you just picked them up you bought them 00:07:34.060 --> 00:07:37.180 It starts to look like a story that maybe someone just told you 00:07:41.980 --> 00:07:43.980 That you just believed because 00:07:45.020 --> 00:07:48.860 You thought you had to because nobody ever told you to look at it any closer 00:07:51.420 --> 00:07:53.420 Which is exactly where we are in this series 00:07:56.060 --> 00:08:00.940 Like who told you that who told you that this is the way this all works 00:08:02.380 --> 00:08:04.780 Today I want to give you some information what 00:08:05.580 --> 00:08:10.620 We're going to kind of continue from last week. We give you some information about a framework 00:08:11.100 --> 00:08:13.740 You've probably been living inside of your entire spiritual life 00:08:14.380 --> 00:08:18.620 One you were handed as simply this is the bible. This is what it says. This is the gospel 00:08:19.020 --> 00:08:21.500 This is the simple way things are and 00:08:23.820 --> 00:08:27.180 We're going to look at this and once you see it more clearly 00:08:27.900 --> 00:08:31.260 You're not going to be able to unsee it just like I can't unsee the cost of socks 00:08:32.700 --> 00:08:35.180 It's not a threat. It's an invitation. We're going to have some fun 00:08:38.060 --> 00:08:42.700 Because what's on the other side of like new perspective on something 00:08:44.540 --> 00:08:52.780 Is not less information. It's not watered down faith. It's not a softer gospel or a god with lower standards 00:08:52.860 --> 00:08:58.620 It's not cotton candy gospel. I explained that last week, but it's just this idea of like bigger, truer 00:08:59.180 --> 00:09:02.700 More beautiful picture of what god is actually like 00:09:05.020 --> 00:09:08.460 And then I think it leads to a life with christ that's not driven by fear 00:09:08.940 --> 00:09:13.180 Or this idea of debt and and management, but by love 00:09:14.780 --> 00:09:16.780 As the actual source of everything 00:09:18.780 --> 00:09:21.020 So we're going to take a little a little closer look today 00:09:21.740 --> 00:09:26.780 Last week we ended with the father running to meet his prodigal son 00:09:29.180 --> 00:09:36.300 Before the the son could make a speech before payment before the son could get his repentance formula out of his mouth 00:09:36.380 --> 00:09:38.540 The father was already running towards him 00:09:40.300 --> 00:09:46.780 And I left with a question who told you that god waits with crossed arms until the penalty has been paid 00:09:50.700 --> 00:09:55.260 Today I want to answer this question more directly than we have yet in this series 00:09:57.420 --> 00:10:04.540 Because there's actually an answer to it. It's it has a name. It has a history and I think a lot of people in this room were handed it as if 00:10:05.900 --> 00:10:12.300 It was just this is the bible is what it says. We believe it that settles it however that saying goes 00:10:14.060 --> 00:10:19.340 As if it were the only way that christians have ever understood god and we were told 00:10:20.460 --> 00:10:22.300 That this is the framework. This is it 00:10:24.300 --> 00:10:31.260 But the the reality is it is a framework. It is built by someone at a specific moment in history for specific reasons 00:10:31.980 --> 00:10:33.980 And once you see a framework for what it is 00:10:34.780 --> 00:10:36.780 A framework not just not a fact 00:10:38.140 --> 00:10:40.140 You can start to ask whether it's true 00:10:41.420 --> 00:10:45.100 And we teach all the time here and I believe that growth happens in the questions 00:10:48.700 --> 00:10:53.180 But before I name the framework, I I want to back up just a step and I want to ask you a question 00:10:53.420 --> 00:10:55.420 I want you to sit with it for a second 00:10:55.420 --> 00:10:57.420 The question is this 00:10:57.420 --> 00:10:59.420 Why did Jesus die? 00:11:05.420 --> 00:11:07.420 Not what have you been told 00:11:08.460 --> 00:11:10.460 Not the sunday school answer 00:11:12.300 --> 00:11:15.740 What do you actually believe in your gut about what the cross was for? 00:11:19.740 --> 00:11:21.740 If you take a second, I think most of us 00:11:22.620 --> 00:11:25.260 If we answered honestly, it would sound something like this 00:11:26.460 --> 00:11:31.900 Jesus died because god required a payment for sin and Jesus stepped in and took the punishment we deserved 00:11:33.020 --> 00:11:35.020 God's justice demanded a price 00:11:35.340 --> 00:11:36.700 Jesus paid it 00:11:36.700 --> 00:11:38.620 And because he paid for it 00:11:38.620 --> 00:11:43.260 We don't have to and we can experience salvation and we can experience eternal life in heaven 00:11:45.420 --> 00:11:47.420 It's probably the version that most of us grew up with 00:11:47.900 --> 00:11:49.900 it leads to 00:11:50.460 --> 00:11:53.420 This phrase a word that I want to introduce today 00:11:54.460 --> 00:11:56.460 A word that you've probably heard that you 00:11:57.660 --> 00:12:01.500 Maybe you've never like had it fully explained the word is atonement 00:12:03.500 --> 00:12:10.060 Atonement simply put it's the theological answer to the question. What did Jesus do and why did it matter? 00:12:12.220 --> 00:12:16.700 How does what happened on the cross actually deal with the problem between god and humanity? 00:12:19.500 --> 00:12:21.500 And what I want you to understand today is that 00:12:22.060 --> 00:12:24.060 Christians 00:12:24.060 --> 00:12:26.540 Have not always agreed on the answer to this question 00:12:27.660 --> 00:12:31.820 Although most of us would probably have a very similar answer that has not always been the case 00:12:33.500 --> 00:12:35.500 In fact, it's still not the case 00:12:36.140 --> 00:12:38.460 There have been multiple theories of atonement 00:12:39.980 --> 00:12:46.220 Throughout church history that multiple frameworks for understanding what the cross accomplished not one 00:12:47.420 --> 00:12:49.420 multiple 00:12:50.620 --> 00:12:52.620 And the one most of us grew up with 00:12:53.660 --> 00:12:59.340 This idea that god there was punishment that had to happen it had to go on someone Jesus takes our place 00:12:59.340 --> 00:13:01.340 He takes that pun that 00:13:01.500 --> 00:13:05.900 Atonement theory is not even the oldest atonement theory that the church has held 00:13:09.980 --> 00:13:13.340 It's not the one that the earliest church believed 00:13:15.100 --> 00:13:20.940 It came later. It has a specific history. It has a very specific name of specific reason 00:13:22.060 --> 00:13:26.620 And once I give you that name and show you where it came from, I think something's going to click for you 00:13:27.980 --> 00:13:30.140 The same way that it clicked for me when I found out 00:13:31.100 --> 00:13:33.100 But those socks actually cost 00:13:34.460 --> 00:13:37.580 The framework is called penal substitution area atonement 00:13:41.580 --> 00:13:43.580 Anybody heard this before? 00:13:43.740 --> 00:13:45.740 Okay, I got two three 00:13:46.300 --> 00:13:48.300 Four five, okay 00:13:48.780 --> 00:13:51.740 Who has not heard this word these words? Okay 00:13:56.380 --> 00:14:02.220 If you grew up in a western evangelical church in the u.s. Abaptist church non-denominational church Pentecostal church 00:14:02.620 --> 00:14:07.340 Most expressions of american christianity you grew up inside of this atonement theory 00:14:08.780 --> 00:14:12.780 There was a water you were swimming in this. This is it. You just didn't know it had a name 00:14:15.260 --> 00:14:17.260 Here's what 00:14:17.260 --> 00:14:20.540 penal substitution area atonement or psa for those in the business 00:14:21.740 --> 00:14:23.180 This is what it says 00:14:23.180 --> 00:14:26.620 God is holy humanity send 00:14:27.820 --> 00:14:31.420 Send requires punishment the punishment for sin is death 00:14:33.100 --> 00:14:35.660 God's justice demands that penalty be paid 00:14:36.620 --> 00:14:38.220 Jesus steps in 00:14:38.220 --> 00:14:43.180 Takes the punishment in our place absorbs the wrath of God on our behalf 00:14:44.620 --> 00:14:46.620 And the debt is satisfied 00:14:47.180 --> 00:14:49.180 And if you accept that 00:14:49.580 --> 00:14:55.820 The charges against you of sin which which leads to death they are dropped you are acquitted 00:14:57.420 --> 00:14:59.580 It's called psa 00:14:59.580 --> 00:15:02.860 And you're kind of acquitted because you better be perfect after you accept it 00:15:05.580 --> 00:15:07.580 Penal is punishment 00:15:08.060 --> 00:15:10.060 like penalty 00:15:10.060 --> 00:15:12.060 substitution someone takes your place 00:15:13.180 --> 00:15:15.180 And then atonement the debt gets paid 00:15:17.180 --> 00:15:21.740 Which is interesting if you start thinking about this because if there is a debt to be paid 00:15:24.860 --> 00:15:29.980 And you don't have the money to pay for it and Jesus comes along and he pays your debt 00:15:30.700 --> 00:15:32.940 Then the debt has been satisfied 00:15:34.300 --> 00:15:36.300 So the debt's no longer there 00:15:36.540 --> 00:15:38.540 But then we say that we receive forgiveness 00:15:39.660 --> 00:15:41.820 Why don't have to forgive your debt if a debt is paid? 00:15:42.700 --> 00:15:45.900 It's already been taken care of so the what is forgiveness in that 00:15:46.860 --> 00:15:50.140 It's done. It's been paid for so there's not even a forgiveness involved 00:15:52.540 --> 00:15:53.980 Right 00:15:53.980 --> 00:15:57.020 Interest I guess yeah, we're paying the interest Jesus didn't pay that 00:15:59.660 --> 00:16:04.940 One of the verses I think is interesting that gets used most often to support this framework 00:16:05.740 --> 00:16:10.060 Is this verse in a habit cook habit cook 113 00:16:11.340 --> 00:16:13.340 And you'll notice 00:16:13.740 --> 00:16:16.780 It says 113 a the bottom you see that 00:16:18.700 --> 00:16:25.180 Because habit cook 113 says your eyes are too pure to look on evil you cannot tolerate wrongdoing habit cook is 00:16:25.900 --> 00:16:27.900 Saying this to god 00:16:28.940 --> 00:16:30.940 You're you're too holy 00:16:30.940 --> 00:16:35.980 You're too pure you cannot look on evil and we were told some of us maybe you 00:16:36.300 --> 00:16:39.500 Um, I know I was that God could not look upon sin 00:16:40.780 --> 00:16:43.180 He had to turn his back. He can't look upon in fact 00:16:43.740 --> 00:16:46.860 I was told when Jesus was on the cross and the sin entered Jesus 00:16:47.020 --> 00:16:48.540 That's why Jesus says my god my god 00:16:48.540 --> 00:16:54.540 Why are you forsaken me because we've been taught that Jesus god turned his back on Jesus on the cross 00:16:55.180 --> 00:16:58.860 You're too holy. You can't look on it. We use this this verse and habit cook to say that 00:16:59.100 --> 00:17:03.180 But the a at the end of 13 means that that's just the beginning of this verse 00:17:05.020 --> 00:17:07.020 Because if you complete the verse 00:17:07.740 --> 00:17:09.980 It actually says 00:17:09.980 --> 00:17:16.940 Why then do you tolerate the treacherous? Why are you silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than themselves? 00:17:17.260 --> 00:17:18.700 Habakkuk says 00:17:18.700 --> 00:17:20.700 You too holy to look on sin 00:17:21.660 --> 00:17:23.660 So why do you? 00:17:29.180 --> 00:17:30.780 And we say 00:17:30.780 --> 00:17:32.940 Well, god can't look on sin and then we just end it there 00:17:36.700 --> 00:17:41.740 And somehow we split god from Jesus because Jesus hangs out with sinners and so if Jesus is god 00:17:42.540 --> 00:17:44.540 How can he look upon 00:17:45.500 --> 00:17:47.900 A sinner if there sit how why? 00:17:48.780 --> 00:17:50.780 Can god who is Jesus? 00:17:50.780 --> 00:17:52.780 Do something that he's not supposed to be able to do? 00:17:53.180 --> 00:17:56.540 I think because Jesus is saying no, no, I am like the father 00:17:57.100 --> 00:17:59.980 I if you've seen the seen me you've seen the father 00:18:00.700 --> 00:18:02.700 Because I can sit here 00:18:03.020 --> 00:18:05.020 and have these conversations 00:18:06.700 --> 00:18:09.740 You're not too broken or disgusting 00:18:10.460 --> 00:18:12.460 for me to look upon 00:18:12.940 --> 00:18:14.940 in this verse habit cook is not 00:18:15.820 --> 00:18:21.500 Writing the systematic theology about god not being able to look upon sin. He is arguing with god 00:18:22.060 --> 00:18:24.300 He's lodging a complaint to god 00:18:25.820 --> 00:18:27.820 in the very same sentence 00:18:28.620 --> 00:18:35.260 Where he says you can't look upon sin he undercuts that proof text that has been used for six centuries of western theology 00:18:35.580 --> 00:18:39.820 To build a framework who told you that this verse meant 00:18:40.940 --> 00:18:42.940 What you were told it means 00:18:43.020 --> 00:18:45.020 Who told you that god cannot look upon sin? 00:18:48.540 --> 00:18:52.140 And I want to be clear about what i'm doing today what we're going to go through 00:18:53.340 --> 00:18:56.460 I'm going to be careful or i'm not i'm not i'm not going to be careful 00:18:57.100 --> 00:19:01.500 And balanced about this. I'm not going to say well it contains some truth 00:19:01.980 --> 00:19:07.100 I'm going to tell you where it came from and then i'm going to ask you to look honestly of what it has produced 00:19:07.580 --> 00:19:11.020 And I think that that's going to be enough for you to start having some questions 00:19:13.180 --> 00:19:17.820 Psa does not come from the first thousand years of christianity 00:19:23.180 --> 00:19:26.220 Say that again psa does not come from the first 00:19:27.180 --> 00:19:29.180 1000 years of christianity 00:19:30.460 --> 00:19:34.380 For a lot of us that grew up in the in the us and jaden and i were talking about this the other day like 00:19:34.780 --> 00:19:36.780 When I was in boston this last week 00:19:36.780 --> 00:19:41.180 Um, I skipped some of the classes that I was supposed to be in and and I went to harvard 00:19:43.340 --> 00:19:45.420 Just because I wanted to be able to say I went to harvard but 00:19:47.420 --> 00:19:51.420 We're walking around the campus and one of the guys who was with us had gone there and got his master's degree from there 00:19:51.420 --> 00:19:54.700 And he was explaining like harvard's about to turn 400 years old 00:19:55.500 --> 00:19:59.980 And I was talking to jaden my 21 year old and he was like I just can't even what does that even mean? 00:19:59.980 --> 00:20:01.500 I can't fathom 00:20:01.500 --> 00:20:05.580 400 years and it's the same way I felt when I was standing in the lisban cathedral and lisban 00:20:05.660 --> 00:20:10.620 Portugal and they said that this cathedral is 900 years old. I was like that doesn't that what do you mean? 00:20:12.780 --> 00:20:14.780 That's not real 00:20:17.500 --> 00:20:20.780 It's the first thousand years of christianity this 00:20:22.060 --> 00:20:26.140 Psa was not the normal not the believe not even a thought 00:20:27.980 --> 00:20:33.580 But for most of us we were told that this is what you the bible says 00:20:35.740 --> 00:20:38.060 This is simply what the bible is when it says 00:20:39.980 --> 00:20:41.980 This is what christians have always believed 00:20:43.740 --> 00:20:45.740 It is not 00:20:46.300 --> 00:20:53.900 For the first thousand years of church the dominant understanding of what jesus did was not primarily about satisfying a legal penalty 00:20:54.700 --> 00:20:58.940 It was about healing a broken human condition 00:21:00.860 --> 00:21:03.580 It was about rescuing people from death and corruption 00:21:05.100 --> 00:21:08.460 It was about restoration and union with god 00:21:10.140 --> 00:21:15.660 It was not legal jargon it was healing 00:21:17.580 --> 00:21:21.660 irenaeus is one of the earliest theologians that we have like solid records of 00:21:22.300 --> 00:21:24.300 Describe the human problem as corruption 00:21:26.060 --> 00:21:29.020 Something had gotten into humanity into us 00:21:29.340 --> 00:21:34.780 We were bent out of shape and jesus came into the human condition fully from the inside and began to heal 00:21:35.180 --> 00:21:37.260 And restore what had been broken 00:21:37.980 --> 00:21:42.620 This is second century like 200 ad i think he died in 202 ad so like 00:21:43.820 --> 00:21:48.060 130 140 ad you guys you know how that stuff works 00:21:49.660 --> 00:21:51.660 Second century 00:21:53.740 --> 00:21:58.220 Then you get to athenatius athenatius is a fourth century 00:21:59.420 --> 00:22:01.420 theologian 00:22:01.740 --> 00:22:03.740 I mentioned last week 00:22:03.900 --> 00:22:09.660 But his idea was like death corruption restoration healing kind of in the same vein the same line of irenaeus 00:22:10.780 --> 00:22:13.900 I actually have a copy of his book. I keep doing this 00:22:15.340 --> 00:22:17.340 I didn't bring it up. It's probably up there in the booth 00:22:18.700 --> 00:22:23.100 The book's called um on the incarnation jacks are you up there? Is there a little green book there 00:22:24.300 --> 00:22:26.300 What are you bringing it to me or jaden boy 00:22:27.420 --> 00:22:29.420 You guys fight over who's going to help me? Come on 00:22:32.780 --> 00:22:39.100 Hurry run okay. Well, this is a book from the fourth century dude. Let me throw 00:22:42.300 --> 00:22:44.300 This is it 00:22:44.300 --> 00:22:46.460 on the incarnation 00:22:46.460 --> 00:22:49.980 St. Athenatius wrote this book in the fourth century 00:22:50.780 --> 00:22:55.260 About the incarnation of jesus and in fact i mentioned this one last week, but at the beginning of this book 00:22:57.020 --> 00:22:58.940 CS louis 00:22:58.940 --> 00:23:04.380 wrote the foreword to this and the foreword is incredible as well so on the incarnation great book 00:23:05.260 --> 00:23:07.260 You should get it and read it 00:23:07.580 --> 00:23:09.580 I don't make any money off it's okay 00:23:10.860 --> 00:23:13.900 But before before I go to athenatius's book 00:23:14.860 --> 00:23:16.460 the foreword 00:23:16.460 --> 00:23:19.340 That's written by cs louis louis louis says something I think 00:23:20.300 --> 00:23:23.340 Is exactly what this series is trying to do he says 00:23:24.300 --> 00:23:26.300 that every age 00:23:26.620 --> 00:23:28.620 Has its own blind spots 00:23:30.060 --> 00:23:35.900 And that the only way to see past them is to read people who stood outside of your moment entirely 00:23:37.580 --> 00:23:42.700 Every age of human existence has its own blind spots. We have our own way of doing things our own cultural understandings 00:23:43.420 --> 00:23:46.700 CS louis says you should read people that are outside of your time 00:23:48.300 --> 00:23:51.340 Which means you have to go backwards because you can't read anybody before or later 00:23:53.420 --> 00:23:55.420 To understand some things 00:23:56.300 --> 00:23:59.260 And what athenatius does for us is is that 00:24:00.940 --> 00:24:06.940 He's writing 300 years before a guy named anselm that we're going to talk about in a minute 00:24:09.420 --> 00:24:12.380 Before this idea of penalty 00:24:13.500 --> 00:24:17.420 And substitution came into theory and understanding 00:24:17.980 --> 00:24:23.340 Athenatius is writing about like a disease in humanity that needed to be healed 00:24:26.060 --> 00:24:29.260 CS louis actually says that if you're going to read a book if you're going to read some nonfiction 00:24:29.340 --> 00:24:31.980 You're going to learn about these things you want to study some theology 00:24:32.380 --> 00:24:39.020 He says it's good to read a current theologian someone who you you liken you is in your word and phrasing 00:24:39.100 --> 00:24:41.100 That's good, but he says 00:24:42.060 --> 00:24:45.820 If you're going to read one new one then you should go back and read an old one after that 00:24:46.700 --> 00:24:51.100 And if you can't do that he says at least if you're going to read three new ones then read an old one 00:24:52.300 --> 00:24:54.300 Because it shifts 00:24:55.580 --> 00:24:57.580 the perspective of the age 00:24:58.220 --> 00:25:02.220 And athenatius is one who does this fourth century who tells us that 00:25:02.780 --> 00:25:04.780 Jesus came because he was trying to heal 00:25:05.580 --> 00:25:07.500 humanity 00:25:07.500 --> 00:25:09.500 Not to solve a punishment issue 00:25:13.020 --> 00:25:18.860 He describes humanity as an image made in the image of god that has been defaced 00:25:20.620 --> 00:25:24.300 His argument is that when a portrait is ruined you don't throw it away 00:25:25.340 --> 00:25:30.060 You bring back the original subject and you have them sit again so the portrait can be restored 00:25:31.820 --> 00:25:33.500 And he says this is what the incarnation is 00:25:34.460 --> 00:25:36.460 There was an original 00:25:36.780 --> 00:25:44.060 An original image an original design the humanity was that that design was defaced something something corrupted it 00:25:45.340 --> 00:25:51.820 So Jesus came back the original subject the word he enters the canvas and he restores the image from within 00:25:53.180 --> 00:25:57.980 It's taking this portrait and and painting the face back to the way that it was supposed to be 00:25:59.180 --> 00:26:05.260 Restoring the image athenatius goes on to say that Jesus became what we are so that we might become what he is 00:26:07.660 --> 00:26:14.220 For instance, what it was a south african current theologian who has a translation of scripture called the mirror 00:26:14.940 --> 00:26:23.100 He says this and he's translated flippians to for it as this to discover your own completeness in christ frees you to turn your attention away from yourself 00:26:23.900 --> 00:26:25.900 and to others 00:26:26.140 --> 00:26:31.900 And the verse five says the way Jesus saw himself is the only valid way to see yourself 00:26:35.020 --> 00:26:37.020 That's not legal language 00:26:37.580 --> 00:26:39.580 It's healing language 00:26:39.740 --> 00:26:47.340 It's identity language. It's a mindset shift language and it predates psa by thousand a thousand years 00:26:50.220 --> 00:26:58.060 The atonement in this framework is not a legal transaction. It is more like a doctor entering the disease to defeat it from within 00:27:01.180 --> 00:27:05.740 And this was the theological stream that christianity swam in for thousand thousand years 00:27:07.900 --> 00:27:14.380 It remains the primary like view and instinct of the eastern church the the greek speaking orthodox tradition 00:27:15.020 --> 00:27:18.620 They have never centralized psa the way that the western church does 00:27:21.020 --> 00:27:23.020 So what happened well around 00:27:23.900 --> 00:27:27.660 1,097 the year 1,097 a theologian named anselm 00:27:29.420 --> 00:27:34.460 He was the archbishop of cantorberry. It just sounds cool. He wrote a book 00:27:36.940 --> 00:27:39.340 called cour des homo 00:27:41.340 --> 00:27:43.340 Why did god become human? 00:27:44.540 --> 00:27:49.180 And anselm it was a brilliant man, but he lived in this like feudal world 00:27:50.700 --> 00:27:53.900 Like imagine you're a peasant farmer in medieval euro 00:27:55.260 --> 00:27:57.260 You don't own the land you live on 00:27:57.500 --> 00:28:02.140 The lord of the region owns everything you guys have seen the shows right 00:28:04.620 --> 00:28:06.460 The land the village 00:28:06.460 --> 00:28:09.420 Probably your livelihood all owned by the lord of that land 00:28:10.220 --> 00:28:16.060 You exist under his authority his protection and that arrangement comes with a clear set of obligations in that world 00:28:16.060 --> 00:28:18.860 There is one thing that matters more than almost anything else 00:28:19.900 --> 00:28:21.900 honor 00:28:22.300 --> 00:28:24.300 Specifically the honor of the lord 00:28:26.140 --> 00:28:31.420 If you offend the lord if you disrespect him you violate his rules you you fail your obligations 00:28:31.740 --> 00:28:37.020 It's not just a personal issue between the two of you. It is a disruption of the entire social order 00:28:38.700 --> 00:28:40.700 And the offense cannot simply be overlooked 00:28:41.500 --> 00:28:44.060 The lord's honor has to be satisfied 00:28:46.380 --> 00:28:48.060 Debt is owed 00:28:48.060 --> 00:28:52.220 Then that debt has to be paid in a way that matches the weight of who was offended 00:28:54.540 --> 00:28:56.540 So this is the world that ansel lived in 00:28:58.380 --> 00:29:05.420 See air he breathed every relationship every social structure every legal instinct around him operated on that logic 00:29:07.180 --> 00:29:13.020 And when he sat down to ask questions about why did god become human that was his framework 00:29:15.820 --> 00:29:18.780 It's it's what he was sitting inside of it his imagination 00:29:19.180 --> 00:29:24.060 He didn't invent this out of thin air. He translated the world that he was living in into theology 00:29:25.340 --> 00:29:31.340 Anselm took the cultural logic the logic of the medieval feudal court 00:29:32.700 --> 00:29:35.740 And he applied it directly to the relationship between god and humanity 00:29:37.820 --> 00:29:43.980 Humanity offended an infinite god and infinite debt is owed no finite human can pay an infinite debt 00:29:43.980 --> 00:29:47.260 So god himself enters humanity as the god man 00:29:47.500 --> 00:29:52.060 Jesus pays the infinite debt humanity owes honor is satisfied. Justice is served 00:29:55.020 --> 00:29:57.740 It's a remarkable piece of like theological engineering 00:29:59.660 --> 00:30:05.500 And it has it's what deeply shaped and was deeply shaped by the world that anselm lived in 00:30:07.660 --> 00:30:09.660 Not by the early church 00:30:10.220 --> 00:30:13.660 Not by the first millennium of christian thought 00:30:14.540 --> 00:30:16.540 by an 11th century theologian 00:30:17.500 --> 00:30:19.340 a thousand years 00:30:19.340 --> 00:30:21.340 after 00:30:21.340 --> 00:30:23.340 The church began 00:30:23.740 --> 00:30:25.660 This framework 00:30:25.660 --> 00:30:28.860 Wasn't psa was a satisfaction theory 00:30:30.700 --> 00:30:36.540 This framework from anselm in the years right around reformation 1500 00:30:38.780 --> 00:30:40.780 martin luther 00:30:41.420 --> 00:30:43.420 And i got him john calvin 00:30:43.500 --> 00:30:45.500 Calvin was a trained lawyer and 00:30:46.380 --> 00:30:49.820 In the 1500s they took this idea of satisfaction theory 00:30:52.540 --> 00:30:54.540 And they sharpened it a little bit 00:30:54.940 --> 00:31:01.340 They used their own understanding of their current culture in the way that they operated and john calvin as a lawyer said i know what this is 00:31:02.460 --> 00:31:07.180 And calvin in particular he pushed it toward what we now call penal substitution 00:31:08.060 --> 00:31:12.300 Not just that honor was satisfied, but that punishment was transferred 00:31:14.060 --> 00:31:16.540 god's wrath was poured out onto jesus 00:31:17.660 --> 00:31:19.740 So it it didn't have to be poured out onto you 00:31:22.540 --> 00:31:28.620 And then from calvin in 1500s it went into the the puritanism which which came across the ocean 00:31:30.300 --> 00:31:32.860 We talked about last week. I mentioned jonathan edwards and his 00:31:33.500 --> 00:31:35.500 Sinners in the hands of an angry god 00:31:36.220 --> 00:31:40.700 This is all fed from the calvin martin luther psa stream 00:31:42.700 --> 00:31:48.700 Because puritanism to the revivalism of the 1700s and 1800s from revivalism into an altar call 00:31:49.580 --> 00:31:53.100 And from the altar call into gospel tracks like the chick tracks i showed you last week 00:31:53.820 --> 00:31:55.820 From the gospel tracks it gets into us 00:31:58.460 --> 00:32:03.580 Psa becomes so dominant in the western evangelical christian christian church 00:32:04.620 --> 00:32:09.100 That it stopped being a theological framework and it started being the air people breathe 00:32:09.180 --> 00:32:12.140 The only way to see the scripture the only way to see god 00:32:13.020 --> 00:32:18.460 There was no longer one way of understanding what jesus said it was the way the obvious way the unquestioned way 00:32:20.060 --> 00:32:24.380 And if you grew up in it right now you're like what is jad talking about 00:32:27.820 --> 00:32:33.420 The picture of god that it hands you is is a picture of a god who is primarily a judge 00:32:34.540 --> 00:32:41.260 Humanity is primarily guilty and love god's love is somehow downstream of god's wrath 00:32:42.060 --> 00:32:44.060 Or god's justice 00:32:44.380 --> 00:32:49.020 God had to find a legal mechanism to be kind to you without compromising the courtroom 00:32:52.780 --> 00:32:54.780 Who told you god was like that? 00:32:57.260 --> 00:33:02.780 Because this picture came from an 11th century feudal court in england and it was handed to you as the gospel 00:33:14.540 --> 00:33:16.540 You 00:33:17.980 --> 00:33:19.980 This turns into a christianity 00:33:20.620 --> 00:33:25.260 Organized around guilt and debt and punishment and wrath 00:33:26.540 --> 00:33:31.900 It's a christianity where the primary grammar for human failure is that you oh god 00:33:34.060 --> 00:33:36.060 And it doesn't stay in the churches 00:33:37.660 --> 00:33:39.660 It shapes culture 00:33:39.900 --> 00:33:41.900 It shapes politics 00:33:42.460 --> 00:33:46.860 It shapes the way that a nation thinks about sin and consequences and who deserves what 00:33:49.900 --> 00:33:54.380 This us versus them mentality runs through so much of what 00:33:55.900 --> 00:33:58.060 Gets called christian politics in this country 00:34:00.700 --> 00:34:02.700 It's not accidental 00:34:04.460 --> 00:34:11.500 It's downstream of a theology that sorts people into the acquitted and the condemned the good and the bad 00:34:11.580 --> 00:34:13.180 The us and them 00:34:13.180 --> 00:34:17.180 The saved and the lost the righteous and the wicked and once you're sorted 00:34:17.900 --> 00:34:20.620 And once you've sorted people that way it becomes very easy to decide 00:34:21.340 --> 00:34:23.420 Who's suffering matters and who's doesn't 00:34:26.700 --> 00:34:28.700 We have people in our state right now 00:34:30.300 --> 00:34:32.780 Who are fighting to put up the 10 commandments 00:34:33.900 --> 00:34:35.900 in public school classrooms 00:34:36.700 --> 00:34:42.300 Celebrating that the texas supreme court overturned a ruling and said no no this has to happen 00:34:43.260 --> 00:34:46.940 Framian is christian language calling it heritage calling it values 00:34:49.820 --> 00:34:53.420 And I find it kind of remarkable because paul the guy who wrote 00:34:54.860 --> 00:34:58.940 Most of the new testament and second carinthians three actually 00:34:59.660 --> 00:35:02.780 describes the law written on tablets of stone 00:35:03.820 --> 00:35:09.820 Which would be the 10 commandments he describes the 10 commandments as a ministry of death and condemnation 00:35:11.500 --> 00:35:13.500 And you're all like wait what 00:35:14.460 --> 00:35:21.820 Yeah, that he says this is death and condemnation. There is no life found in the law of the tablets 00:35:23.580 --> 00:35:25.660 It's not my phrase. It's the the apostle paul 00:35:29.420 --> 00:35:33.900 So let me make sure I understand what's happening a a group of people who have refused to 00:35:34.460 --> 00:35:41.900 Like repeatedly consistently year after year refused to pass meaningful legislation to protect children from being shot in those same classrooms 00:35:42.140 --> 00:35:45.500 One opposed what paul called a ministry of death and condemnation on the walls 00:35:47.500 --> 00:35:49.500 A shame producing 00:35:50.060 --> 00:35:52.860 Impossible condemning framework for our children 00:35:56.620 --> 00:36:01.980 This is what psa produces when it leaves the church and it runs a country 00:36:04.140 --> 00:36:05.500 Not love 00:36:05.500 --> 00:36:07.820 Not healing not restoration 00:36:08.620 --> 00:36:10.060 control 00:36:10.060 --> 00:36:11.660 condemnation 00:36:11.660 --> 00:36:13.660 Sorting people into who's in and who's out 00:36:14.620 --> 00:36:17.180 And if that doesn't sound like jesus to you 00:36:18.780 --> 00:36:20.780 It shouldn't because it isn't 00:36:27.180 --> 00:36:29.740 So what does jesus actually say about the human problem 00:36:33.180 --> 00:36:35.180 We'll talk about it next week 00:36:45.740 --> 00:36:49.420 Mike drop. No, yeah, we'll talk about next week. How about that? It started 12 20 00:36:56.460 --> 00:36:58.460 Look 00:36:58.460 --> 00:37:00.460 What's one 00:37:00.460 --> 00:37:02.460 second Corinthians three 00:37:03.340 --> 00:37:05.340 verse seven through nine 00:37:05.500 --> 00:37:07.500 Is where paul talks about 00:37:10.300 --> 00:37:12.380 And I know you're thinking chat so the 10 commandments don't matter 00:37:13.420 --> 00:37:15.420 Yes kind of 00:37:17.340 --> 00:37:19.340 But if you need laws written on tablets 00:37:19.980 --> 00:37:21.980 To tell you how to love people 00:37:21.980 --> 00:37:25.900 Then you're not living in a love that christ has given you so that you can share that love 00:37:27.420 --> 00:37:30.220 Because law doesn't produce real love 00:37:31.100 --> 00:37:33.100 It produces compliance 00:37:33.580 --> 00:37:37.580 Or rebellion and compliance never called us to love someone well 00:37:40.300 --> 00:37:43.340 We love because he first loved us. That's what jesus teaches us 00:37:45.420 --> 00:37:47.420 Talk about next week 00:37:48.140 --> 00:37:50.140 beloved 00:37:50.220 --> 00:37:52.220 Experience the love of god 00:37:52.220 --> 00:37:54.220 And go share that love 00:37:54.300 --> 00:37:58.380 with those around you and go love well. It's who we're meant to be.