1 00:00:00,880 --> 00:00:02,879 Thank you for tuning back into the automation 2 00:00:02,879 --> 00:00:05,040 podcast. My name is Sean Tierney from Insights 3 00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:05,700 and Automation. 4 00:00:06,160 --> 00:00:08,000 And this week, I meet up with Iren 5 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:10,960 Sprock from Siemens to learn all about their 6 00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:13,945 g two twenty clean power drive. I also 7 00:00:13,945 --> 00:00:16,105 wanna thank Siemens for sponsoring this episode so 8 00:00:16,105 --> 00:00:17,864 I can bring it to you completely ad 9 00:00:17,864 --> 00:00:20,024 free. So with that said, I wanna welcome 10 00:00:20,024 --> 00:00:21,964 back to the show Ivan from Siemens 11 00:00:22,345 --> 00:00:23,404 to talk about 12 00:00:23,864 --> 00:00:24,364 VFDs. 13 00:00:25,064 --> 00:00:26,904 And, this is something we've been wanting to 14 00:00:26,904 --> 00:00:28,899 talk about for a while. But before you 15 00:00:28,899 --> 00:00:32,100 jump into your presentation, Ivan, could you introduce 16 00:00:32,100 --> 00:00:33,859 yourself to our audience for those who maybe 17 00:00:33,859 --> 00:00:35,960 didn't catch your last appearance? 18 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:38,679 Thanks a lot for just having me, 19 00:00:39,140 --> 00:00:40,679 back to the show here. 20 00:00:41,045 --> 00:00:43,765 I got a slide up here that introduces 21 00:00:43,765 --> 00:00:45,864 myself. I'm the product manager for 22 00:00:46,564 --> 00:00:47,144 the Synamix 23 00:00:47,604 --> 00:00:49,144 variable frequency drives 24 00:00:49,445 --> 00:00:52,164 for Siemens here in The US. So, yeah, 25 00:00:52,164 --> 00:00:53,924 happy to be back on your show. And 26 00:00:53,924 --> 00:00:54,884 what I would, 27 00:00:55,960 --> 00:00:58,039 like to talk to you about and discuss 28 00:00:58,039 --> 00:00:59,899 with you is our latest 29 00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:03,100 variable frequency drive. It's the g two twenty 30 00:01:03,399 --> 00:01:04,060 and specifically 31 00:01:04,599 --> 00:01:06,060 the clean power drive. 32 00:01:06,599 --> 00:01:07,500 This is a 33 00:01:07,814 --> 00:01:10,715 best in class solution for a grid friendly 34 00:01:10,774 --> 00:01:11,674 power quality 35 00:01:12,454 --> 00:01:16,314 when using variable frequency drives. So Sean, you 36 00:01:16,454 --> 00:01:17,754 audience may be wondering 37 00:01:18,134 --> 00:01:19,194 why we should discuss 38 00:01:19,575 --> 00:01:22,295 power grids and variable frequency drives, but I'll 39 00:01:22,295 --> 00:01:23,114 just say 40 00:01:23,870 --> 00:01:26,930 if you've been around variable frequency drives or 41 00:01:27,069 --> 00:01:29,490 VFDs as I'll refer to them, you've likely 42 00:01:29,790 --> 00:01:33,469 had conversations or heard something about VFDs creating 43 00:01:33,469 --> 00:01:36,030 or generating harmonics on the power grid. Oh, 44 00:01:36,030 --> 00:01:38,515 yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Or maybe you've, you know, 45 00:01:38,515 --> 00:01:40,834 someone in the audience has been involved in 46 00:01:40,834 --> 00:01:41,974 a situation where 47 00:01:42,354 --> 00:01:43,814 harmonic current and associated 48 00:01:44,435 --> 00:01:47,634 voltage distortion on your plants electrical grid were 49 00:01:47,634 --> 00:01:48,134 causing 50 00:01:48,849 --> 00:01:51,269 overheating on transformers and cabling 51 00:01:52,209 --> 00:01:55,810 or potentially causing circuit breakers to trip their 52 00:01:55,810 --> 00:01:58,129 fuses to open. Or maybe you're just an 53 00:01:58,129 --> 00:01:59,909 engineer looking to select 54 00:02:00,625 --> 00:02:03,444 and specify a variable frequency drive and 55 00:02:03,825 --> 00:02:05,924 you may need to answer some questions about 56 00:02:06,224 --> 00:02:09,104 harmonics that typical VFDs generate. You can relate 57 00:02:09,104 --> 00:02:10,465 to any of those or if you're just 58 00:02:10,465 --> 00:02:12,705 interested to know more about this topic, we'll 59 00:02:12,705 --> 00:02:14,305 invite you to stay tuned here for the 60 00:02:14,305 --> 00:02:16,084 next thirty five to forty minutes 61 00:02:16,640 --> 00:02:18,980 for discussion on power quality and VFDs. 62 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:20,180 So, Sean, 63 00:02:20,560 --> 00:02:22,560 I'd like to just ask you, have you 64 00:02:22,560 --> 00:02:23,379 heard anything 65 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:25,780 about the power grid lately? 66 00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:28,960 Well, yes. I've heard lots about the power 67 00:02:28,960 --> 00:02:31,224 grid. I know that this is more and 68 00:02:31,224 --> 00:02:32,844 more becoming a big issue 69 00:02:33,145 --> 00:02:34,844 because when you have a lot of VFDs 70 00:02:35,064 --> 00:02:36,525 producing all kinds of harmonics, 71 00:02:37,145 --> 00:02:38,905 that can cause lots of problems like the 72 00:02:38,905 --> 00:02:41,645 ones you just mentioned. But, also, the utilities 73 00:02:41,705 --> 00:02:43,384 are starting to to see this and saying, 74 00:02:43,384 --> 00:02:45,165 why are we putting up with this? So 75 00:02:45,430 --> 00:02:47,270 aside from the power grid needing to be 76 00:02:47,270 --> 00:02:48,250 hardened against 77 00:02:48,550 --> 00:02:51,050 all kinds of things, everything from EMTs to, 78 00:02:51,189 --> 00:02:53,370 you know, just, you know, Yahoo's shooting 79 00:02:53,830 --> 00:02:55,530 transformers in the middle of nowhere. 80 00:02:55,909 --> 00:02:57,349 This has been a, I think, a big 81 00:02:57,349 --> 00:02:59,294 and growing issue. That's why I'm glad that 82 00:02:59,294 --> 00:03:00,735 you're on the talk about this because in 83 00:03:00,735 --> 00:03:01,395 the preshow, 84 00:03:01,935 --> 00:03:03,455 we just really I really got a sense 85 00:03:03,455 --> 00:03:05,294 of how important this was, you know, in 86 00:03:05,294 --> 00:03:06,094 2025 87 00:03:06,094 --> 00:03:07,935 and going into 2026. 88 00:03:07,935 --> 00:03:10,414 Lots of conversations about the grid and really 89 00:03:10,414 --> 00:03:13,314 how the grid electrical grid is being stretched. 90 00:03:14,340 --> 00:03:16,659 And with all of the, you know, data 91 00:03:16,659 --> 00:03:18,919 centers being built, you know, lots of conversations 92 00:03:18,980 --> 00:03:20,900 about how power is gonna be supplied with 93 00:03:20,900 --> 00:03:23,060 those. In other words, I think for maybe 94 00:03:23,060 --> 00:03:25,219 the first time in twenty five to thirty 95 00:03:25,219 --> 00:03:25,719 years, 96 00:03:26,205 --> 00:03:27,025 they're anticipating 97 00:03:28,045 --> 00:03:28,784 our usage 98 00:03:29,165 --> 00:03:31,344 and power requirements going up. 99 00:03:32,045 --> 00:03:34,064 So that's why I think all these utilities 100 00:03:34,205 --> 00:03:37,405 and plant operators are interested in the grid. 101 00:03:37,405 --> 00:03:39,819 So some reasons to discuss then the power 102 00:03:39,819 --> 00:03:42,000 grid and variable frequency drives 103 00:03:42,939 --> 00:03:45,580 is variable frequency drives very useful for motor 104 00:03:45,580 --> 00:03:47,520 control, but left unchecked, 105 00:03:47,819 --> 00:03:48,800 they can introduce 106 00:03:49,659 --> 00:03:52,664 several power quality issues. Harmonics, as you can 107 00:03:52,664 --> 00:03:55,164 see on the screen here, typical VFDs use 108 00:03:55,465 --> 00:03:58,205 rectifiers that generate nonlinear currents 109 00:03:58,664 --> 00:04:01,625 that also distort the voltage waveform and these 110 00:04:01,625 --> 00:04:04,425 harmonics can propagate through the electrical grid. And, 111 00:04:04,425 --> 00:04:06,844 you know, with that voltage waveform potentially 112 00:04:07,530 --> 00:04:09,469 affecting other equipment or 113 00:04:09,849 --> 00:04:12,349 you know at worst case other utility customers. 114 00:04:13,209 --> 00:04:14,590 These voltage fluctuations 115 00:04:14,969 --> 00:04:17,149 can lead to flicker in lighting 116 00:04:17,930 --> 00:04:21,149 and perhaps even take other sensitive devices offline. 117 00:04:22,084 --> 00:04:24,644 Typical VFDs some of them can negatively impact 118 00:04:24,644 --> 00:04:28,004 power factor. Again, something that's of interest to 119 00:04:28,004 --> 00:04:28,504 utilities 120 00:04:28,884 --> 00:04:30,104 and plant operators. 121 00:04:30,404 --> 00:04:32,404 And just you know there could be some 122 00:04:32,404 --> 00:04:35,125 resonant frequencies set up that may interfere with 123 00:04:35,125 --> 00:04:36,745 other things. So those are all 124 00:04:37,139 --> 00:04:39,000 things that yeah, harmonics, 125 00:04:39,699 --> 00:04:42,180 and you know, the voltage fluctuation, things that 126 00:04:42,180 --> 00:04:42,680 are 127 00:04:43,060 --> 00:04:44,439 unfavorable I'll say. 128 00:04:44,979 --> 00:04:46,740 And what I'd like to do here Sean 129 00:04:46,740 --> 00:04:47,959 is just gonna introduce, 130 00:04:48,500 --> 00:04:50,500 you know, what I want to tell you 131 00:04:50,500 --> 00:04:51,000 is 132 00:04:51,884 --> 00:04:54,045 we have a very unique product here in 133 00:04:54,045 --> 00:04:57,024 the SINAMICS g two twenty clean power drive. 134 00:04:57,084 --> 00:04:59,404 Three advantages of this product we'll wanna talk 135 00:04:59,404 --> 00:05:01,324 about here through through the course of this 136 00:05:01,324 --> 00:05:01,824 podcast. 137 00:05:02,444 --> 00:05:04,605 One is the clean power technology. So you 138 00:05:04,605 --> 00:05:07,939 can see total harmonic current distortion is well 139 00:05:07,939 --> 00:05:11,220 under the strictest harmonic standards there at less 140 00:05:11,220 --> 00:05:12,040 than 2%. 141 00:05:12,259 --> 00:05:15,779 It delivers near unity power factor under almost 142 00:05:15,779 --> 00:05:16,759 any load conditions. 143 00:05:17,220 --> 00:05:18,819 And I'll just say, you know, there has 144 00:05:18,819 --> 00:05:20,834 been technologies out there that have 145 00:05:21,394 --> 00:05:23,894 been able to produce, you know, those two 146 00:05:24,115 --> 00:05:26,294 attributes of of, you know, low 147 00:05:26,595 --> 00:05:29,974 current harmonic distortion and near unity power factor. 148 00:05:30,274 --> 00:05:32,214 But what's most unique about, 149 00:05:32,914 --> 00:05:34,995 this product we're that we're launching here is 150 00:05:34,995 --> 00:05:35,814 the compact 151 00:05:36,580 --> 00:05:39,240 space saving design, and it is the smallest 152 00:05:40,020 --> 00:05:42,759 low harmonics drive in the market. And also 153 00:05:42,819 --> 00:05:46,840 available, it's all self contained, so there's nothing 154 00:05:46,980 --> 00:05:49,400 extra to install. It's all in one footprint. 155 00:05:49,995 --> 00:05:51,915 And I'll give you an example here. This 156 00:05:51,915 --> 00:05:54,875 product is released up to a through 150 157 00:05:54,875 --> 00:05:55,935 horsepower now. 158 00:05:56,314 --> 00:05:57,995 By the end of the year we'll have 159 00:05:57,995 --> 00:06:00,875 it released up through 200 horsepower. So this 160 00:06:00,875 --> 00:06:01,615 is a relatively 161 00:06:02,449 --> 00:06:04,689 new product on the market. But that 200 162 00:06:04,689 --> 00:06:05,750 horsepower drive 163 00:06:06,209 --> 00:06:08,949 imagine this Sean less than three feet tall, 164 00:06:09,089 --> 00:06:11,810 less than 12 inches wide, and about 14 165 00:06:11,810 --> 00:06:12,629 inches deep. 166 00:06:13,009 --> 00:06:15,110 That's a 200 horsepower drive, 167 00:06:15,754 --> 00:06:17,435 that will guarantee these, 168 00:06:17,835 --> 00:06:20,574 things I've got got here with low distortion 169 00:06:20,714 --> 00:06:23,355 and near unity power factor. You know, that's 170 00:06:23,355 --> 00:06:25,194 not something I would have thought of is 171 00:06:25,194 --> 00:06:27,694 that these clean drives are 172 00:06:28,220 --> 00:06:31,660 more clean power drives are typically larger than 173 00:06:31,660 --> 00:06:33,040 their standard cousins. 174 00:06:33,740 --> 00:06:35,339 And so the fact that you've been able 175 00:06:35,339 --> 00:06:38,139 to get these smaller and closer to the 176 00:06:38,139 --> 00:06:41,504 sizes of the standard drive is pretty impressive. 177 00:06:41,724 --> 00:06:43,745 You're quite we we'd like to think so. 178 00:06:44,204 --> 00:06:46,685 Let's dig into, you know, first of all, 179 00:06:46,685 --> 00:06:49,084 if, you know, I I said variable frequency 180 00:06:49,084 --> 00:06:52,044 drives or typical very free frequency drives can 181 00:06:52,044 --> 00:06:53,584 generate harmonics. So 182 00:06:54,009 --> 00:06:56,909 why why would people wanna use VFDs? 183 00:06:57,370 --> 00:07:00,009 Turns out variable frequency drives are really good 184 00:07:00,009 --> 00:07:01,229 at two things. One, 185 00:07:01,769 --> 00:07:02,669 saving energy, 186 00:07:03,129 --> 00:07:05,709 and two, improving processes. So 187 00:07:06,204 --> 00:07:08,125 just, you know, kind of as a reminder, 188 00:07:08,125 --> 00:07:10,285 why do people wanna use variable frequency drives? 189 00:07:10,285 --> 00:07:13,104 Just a reminder. Yeah. Half the world's electricity 190 00:07:13,245 --> 00:07:14,305 is used by 191 00:07:14,685 --> 00:07:17,264 motors operating pumps and fans and compressors. 192 00:07:17,644 --> 00:07:20,044 And just as a reminder, Sean, if you've 193 00:07:20,044 --> 00:07:21,660 got a 20 horsepower motor 194 00:07:22,139 --> 00:07:24,379 operating and I just use twelve hours a 195 00:07:24,379 --> 00:07:26,959 day, two sixty five days a year, 196 00:07:27,339 --> 00:07:29,839 I used average commercial power 197 00:07:30,139 --> 00:07:32,939 rate of 12ยข a kilowatt hour, that electric 198 00:07:32,939 --> 00:07:34,779 motor is gonna cost you running across the 199 00:07:34,779 --> 00:07:37,004 line around $5,500. 200 00:07:37,165 --> 00:07:38,705 If I operate that motor 201 00:07:39,084 --> 00:07:41,584 with a VFD and I've got opportunity 202 00:07:43,245 --> 00:07:45,725 to adjust the speed, you know, based on 203 00:07:45,725 --> 00:07:46,225 demand, 204 00:07:47,084 --> 00:07:50,285 electricity cost is half of it. So $2,500 205 00:07:50,285 --> 00:07:51,584 And that even gets more 206 00:07:52,120 --> 00:07:54,360 grows your savings grow if I consider a 207 00:07:54,360 --> 00:07:55,740 100 horsepower motor 208 00:07:56,120 --> 00:07:58,139 operating twelve hours a day, 209 00:07:58,680 --> 00:08:00,519 two fifty days a year, again, with that 210 00:08:00,519 --> 00:08:02,560 same kilowatt hour. You know, that 211 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:04,839 running that electric motor across the line is 212 00:08:04,839 --> 00:08:06,519 gonna cost you, you know, I've got on 213 00:08:06,519 --> 00:08:08,845 the screen here $28,000. 214 00:08:09,544 --> 00:08:11,944 I've got the opportunity to adjust speed and 215 00:08:11,944 --> 00:08:14,604 control speed as I do with the VFD, 216 00:08:15,064 --> 00:08:17,245 and the application can, of course, 217 00:08:17,704 --> 00:08:19,564 doesn't have to be run at full speed. 218 00:08:19,849 --> 00:08:21,769 You know, just typical savings again is gonna 219 00:08:21,930 --> 00:08:24,329 it's gonna cost you less than half to 220 00:08:24,329 --> 00:08:26,490 run that electric motor. So I like to 221 00:08:26,490 --> 00:08:28,509 put those numbers in front of people, Sean, 222 00:08:28,810 --> 00:08:31,289 because I think people lose sight of how 223 00:08:31,289 --> 00:08:33,209 much it costs to run an electric motor. 224 00:08:33,209 --> 00:08:35,004 So any thoughts on that? Yeah. You know, 225 00:08:35,004 --> 00:08:36,764 when I first got in this industry back 226 00:08:36,764 --> 00:08:39,245 in '90, this was big. This was talked 227 00:08:39,245 --> 00:08:41,245 about all the time. They were like, if 228 00:08:41,245 --> 00:08:43,004 you get a fan or pump and you 229 00:08:43,004 --> 00:08:45,105 don't have a VFD on it, you're just 230 00:08:45,164 --> 00:08:47,884 wasting money. And and and to some extent 231 00:08:47,884 --> 00:08:50,870 too soft status. But the point being that, 232 00:08:51,250 --> 00:08:53,089 you know, if the way you drove your 233 00:08:53,089 --> 00:08:54,929 car was you just put the pedal to 234 00:08:54,929 --> 00:08:56,389 the metal everywhere you went, 235 00:08:56,690 --> 00:08:58,529 you could just realize that's not gonna be 236 00:08:58,529 --> 00:09:00,870 very efficient, you know, fuel wise. 237 00:09:01,250 --> 00:09:03,764 And so, you know, putting aside the process 238 00:09:03,764 --> 00:09:06,485 thing, because many processes, you can't just do 239 00:09:06,485 --> 00:09:08,804 a cross line starter. Right? It would be 240 00:09:08,804 --> 00:09:10,184 great for the process, but, 241 00:09:10,725 --> 00:09:12,985 typically, fans and and pumps, 242 00:09:13,365 --> 00:09:15,144 I mean, the the amount of savings 243 00:09:15,730 --> 00:09:17,889 is tremendous. And I know for a very 244 00:09:17,889 --> 00:09:20,450 long time, this was, you know, it was 245 00:09:20,450 --> 00:09:22,690 up there with, lighting, up upgrading your lighting 246 00:09:22,690 --> 00:09:25,730 in your plant. You're just installing VFDs or 247 00:09:25,730 --> 00:09:27,910 upgrading VFDs from very old VFDs. 248 00:09:28,464 --> 00:09:30,384 A lot of times, the cost savings and 249 00:09:30,384 --> 00:09:32,544 the rebates would make the the project pay 250 00:09:32,544 --> 00:09:34,625 for itself within a year or two, if 251 00:09:34,625 --> 00:09:37,345 not sooner. So it's, for anybody listening, I 252 00:09:37,345 --> 00:09:38,705 know all the old timers out there are 253 00:09:38,705 --> 00:09:40,799 like, yeah, know all about this, but maybe 254 00:09:40,799 --> 00:09:42,639 he's listening and you haven't taken a look 255 00:09:42,639 --> 00:09:46,000 at that, definitely call your, local representative and 256 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:48,899 ask him about energy savings with VFDs because 257 00:09:49,519 --> 00:09:51,360 it's huge. I mean, it's just massive. As 258 00:09:51,360 --> 00:09:53,664 you show in this slide, you know, but 259 00:09:53,664 --> 00:09:56,245 it's it's it's just it's it's super. Now 260 00:09:56,304 --> 00:09:59,424 at your second point, processes, yeah, some processes 261 00:09:59,664 --> 00:10:01,504 I mean, they wouldn't be possible if all 262 00:10:01,504 --> 00:10:03,584 you had was across the line. You know, 263 00:10:03,584 --> 00:10:06,019 we we think about, you know, needing a 264 00:10:06,019 --> 00:10:09,699 very precise control, very precise movement, maybe not 265 00:10:09,699 --> 00:10:10,600 servo control, 266 00:10:11,059 --> 00:10:13,220 but in some cases, you know, just, you 267 00:10:13,220 --> 00:10:15,779 know, starting the VFD across the line would, 268 00:10:15,779 --> 00:10:18,019 you know, would break things. Right? You need 269 00:10:18,019 --> 00:10:19,985 to coast up and coast down, and, you 270 00:10:19,985 --> 00:10:21,424 know, be able to vary the speed based 271 00:10:21,424 --> 00:10:23,345 on the but what part of the what 272 00:10:23,345 --> 00:10:25,664 product you're making sometimes. But let me turn 273 00:10:25,664 --> 00:10:27,284 it back to you. Sure. So 274 00:10:27,745 --> 00:10:29,504 one of the links that I've got in 275 00:10:29,504 --> 00:10:31,824 my resources is a a a link to 276 00:10:32,330 --> 00:10:34,990 it's called CNA Save. It's just our Siemens 277 00:10:35,049 --> 00:10:36,509 name for our, 278 00:10:37,049 --> 00:10:40,169 energy savings calculator. So somebody, you know, with 279 00:10:40,169 --> 00:10:41,850 that link, somebody could go in there and 280 00:10:41,850 --> 00:10:42,509 very quickly, 281 00:10:43,129 --> 00:10:44,750 you know, put in their own 282 00:10:45,345 --> 00:10:48,304 horsepower and speed profiles and energy costs and 283 00:10:48,304 --> 00:10:49,204 see for themselves, 284 00:10:49,584 --> 00:10:52,065 you know, more dialed in. So yeah. And 285 00:10:52,065 --> 00:10:54,144 I liked your your conversation about the process. 286 00:10:54,144 --> 00:10:55,904 I mean, so I think what I'm trying 287 00:10:55,904 --> 00:10:57,899 to establish on this slide really is 288 00:10:58,460 --> 00:11:00,800 VFDs are very useful and very effective 289 00:11:01,180 --> 00:11:01,840 at helping 290 00:11:02,220 --> 00:11:04,940 manage costs and improve process. So, you know, 291 00:11:04,940 --> 00:11:07,420 VFDs are not going away. So now let's 292 00:11:07,420 --> 00:11:10,540 then dive into figuring out, okay, how do 293 00:11:10,540 --> 00:11:11,120 we handle 294 00:11:11,595 --> 00:11:13,534 harmonics that typical drives 295 00:11:13,914 --> 00:11:14,975 generate. So 296 00:11:15,514 --> 00:11:17,914 first, Sean, let's start with a conversation about 297 00:11:17,914 --> 00:11:20,574 what are line harmonics, and I've just got 298 00:11:20,714 --> 00:11:22,875 a few slides here to talk about that. 299 00:11:22,875 --> 00:11:24,334 But we'll relate it to, 300 00:11:24,649 --> 00:11:26,970 you know, what we call linear loads, which 301 00:11:26,970 --> 00:11:29,850 is like an induction motor or resistors or 302 00:11:29,850 --> 00:11:32,590 incandescent lamps. They draw sinusoidal 303 00:11:33,690 --> 00:11:37,414 or linear current proportional to voltage. So in 304 00:11:37,414 --> 00:11:38,074 other words, 305 00:11:38,454 --> 00:11:40,294 for the audience on the looking at this 306 00:11:40,294 --> 00:11:42,454 slide here you can see very nice looking 307 00:11:42,454 --> 00:11:43,274 sine waves. 308 00:11:43,894 --> 00:11:45,975 Yeah. In this country of course that's coming 309 00:11:45,975 --> 00:11:48,634 from our power plants at 60 Hertz. 310 00:11:49,095 --> 00:11:50,394 Looks very nice, right? 311 00:11:50,750 --> 00:11:54,049 Well, when you put a nonlinear load 312 00:11:54,509 --> 00:11:58,029 on your electrical distribution center system, yeah, and 313 00:11:58,029 --> 00:12:01,710 nonlinear loads are any power electronic device that's 314 00:12:01,710 --> 00:12:04,754 converting AC power to DC power. So that's 315 00:12:04,754 --> 00:12:06,855 what we're doing in a VFD, we're converting 316 00:12:07,554 --> 00:12:10,695 AC power to DC power. But also computers, 317 00:12:10,915 --> 00:12:13,235 you know, that's obviously not the same talking 318 00:12:13,235 --> 00:12:15,634 in the same magnitude of power, but this 319 00:12:15,634 --> 00:12:17,634 is what computers are doing. Same thing with 320 00:12:17,634 --> 00:12:19,254 LED lamps now, 321 00:12:19,799 --> 00:12:20,779 Discharge lighting. 322 00:12:21,399 --> 00:12:24,039 And very interestingly enough, this is also what's 323 00:12:24,039 --> 00:12:26,759 going on in EV charging stations. You know, 324 00:12:26,759 --> 00:12:27,419 you're converting 325 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:31,320 AC power to DC power, so that's considered 326 00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:34,464 a nonlinear load. And what happens there in 327 00:12:34,464 --> 00:12:36,404 a nonlinear load is 328 00:12:37,024 --> 00:12:39,504 it doesn't draw, it just draws power in 329 00:12:39,504 --> 00:12:40,004 pulses 330 00:12:40,384 --> 00:12:41,284 when the capacitors 331 00:12:41,664 --> 00:12:42,565 need to charge. 332 00:12:42,945 --> 00:12:45,504 So think about these capacitors charging more at 333 00:12:45,504 --> 00:12:46,644 the top of the waveform, 334 00:12:47,370 --> 00:12:50,009 And that's then what causes these variations in 335 00:12:50,009 --> 00:12:51,629 both voltage and current, 336 00:12:52,250 --> 00:12:55,289 from the fundamental sine wave. And you know, 337 00:12:55,289 --> 00:12:58,429 in very simple terms, that's what these harmonics 338 00:12:58,649 --> 00:13:00,110 are. Yeah. They're 339 00:13:00,535 --> 00:13:01,274 non sinusoidal, 340 00:13:01,894 --> 00:13:02,634 they're nonlinear, 341 00:13:03,095 --> 00:13:04,934 and even since it's changing with the applied 342 00:13:04,934 --> 00:13:07,815 voltage. So there's some things that they, you 343 00:13:07,815 --> 00:13:10,455 know, negative impacts we'll say. And again, for 344 00:13:10,455 --> 00:13:12,294 the audience that's looking at the slide there, 345 00:13:12,294 --> 00:13:14,039 you can kind of see some of these 346 00:13:14,039 --> 00:13:14,539 nonlinear 347 00:13:14,840 --> 00:13:17,399 currents stacked up there. Point is it creates 348 00:13:17,399 --> 00:13:19,179 a much more complex waveform, 349 00:13:20,039 --> 00:13:23,019 and there's current flowing at those multiple frequencies. 350 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:25,480 So Sean, I've got for for people that 351 00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:27,240 are maybe having a hard time visualing this 352 00:13:27,240 --> 00:13:28,940 up, I've got a little example. So 353 00:13:29,384 --> 00:13:31,705 can you think, Sean, of a musical group 354 00:13:31,705 --> 00:13:33,804 that sings in parts? Mhmm. 355 00:13:34,425 --> 00:13:36,345 Even if we can't mention them on the 356 00:13:36,345 --> 00:13:37,705 air, you can we can all think of, 357 00:13:37,705 --> 00:13:40,045 you know, a group that's in Yep. Yep. 358 00:13:40,184 --> 00:13:42,985 Yeah. Exactly. So here we go. We've got 359 00:13:42,985 --> 00:13:45,360 a musical group singing in different parts, and 360 00:13:45,360 --> 00:13:47,679 these different musical parts are sung at different 361 00:13:47,679 --> 00:13:50,399 pitches or frequencies. And that all blends together 362 00:13:50,399 --> 00:13:52,639 to make a richer sound. Right? Well, we 363 00:13:52,639 --> 00:13:53,139 can 364 00:13:53,679 --> 00:13:56,000 think of that fuller sound that's flowing at 365 00:13:56,000 --> 00:13:58,720 those frequencies. That's kinda like more current flowing 366 00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:00,784 in there. So, you know, to back to 367 00:14:00,784 --> 00:14:02,404 our harmonics example. So, 368 00:14:02,945 --> 00:14:06,164 yeah, there's world flowing at these other frequencies 369 00:14:06,384 --> 00:14:08,705 other than 60 Hertz, and that kind of 370 00:14:08,705 --> 00:14:11,105 fundamentally becomes a problem we need to deal 371 00:14:11,105 --> 00:14:13,029 with. And then in that in that group, 372 00:14:13,029 --> 00:14:14,790 Sean, can you think of someone what does 373 00:14:14,790 --> 00:14:16,649 it sound like when they sing off key? 374 00:14:16,710 --> 00:14:19,110 Absolutely. Who doesn't sound good. Does it so 375 00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:21,529 maybe we'll think of that as voltage distortion. 376 00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:23,830 So we gotta gotta do something about that 377 00:14:23,830 --> 00:14:26,085 too. So Yeah. I'd like to you know 378 00:14:26,085 --> 00:14:27,845 what? For me, you know, to and I 379 00:14:27,845 --> 00:14:29,605 think the charts for those listening, I think 380 00:14:29,605 --> 00:14:31,764 the charts really spell it out. They're color 381 00:14:31,764 --> 00:14:33,465 coded, and they show the different harmonics. 382 00:14:34,004 --> 00:14:36,325 And for me, I think charting it is 383 00:14:36,325 --> 00:14:38,345 kinda one of the ways to understand it 384 00:14:38,750 --> 00:14:41,389 visually because if you think about let's say 385 00:14:41,389 --> 00:14:42,990 you have a large rock, a medium rock, 386 00:14:42,990 --> 00:14:44,509 and a small rock, and you throw all 387 00:14:44,509 --> 00:14:46,350 three at the same time into a pond. 388 00:14:46,350 --> 00:14:48,350 You can visually see the big ripple, the 389 00:14:48,350 --> 00:14:50,269 medium ripple, and the small ripple, but it's 390 00:14:50,269 --> 00:14:52,110 really hard for you to understand as they're 391 00:14:52,110 --> 00:14:52,929 spreading out 392 00:14:53,475 --> 00:14:54,914 what the effect would be on, you know, 393 00:14:54,914 --> 00:14:56,914 any any, you know, maybe toy boats that 394 00:14:56,914 --> 00:14:58,674 your kids have in the water or grandkids 395 00:14:58,674 --> 00:15:00,835 have in the water. Right? And so it 396 00:15:00,914 --> 00:15:02,914 it's it's a very tough for for human 397 00:15:02,914 --> 00:15:05,174 beings to try to keep in their head 398 00:15:05,315 --> 00:15:07,154 more than three things happening at a time. 399 00:15:07,154 --> 00:15:07,654 Right? 400 00:15:08,009 --> 00:15:10,250 And so and so I I love seeing 401 00:15:10,250 --> 00:15:12,110 the chart here, and it shows the relationship 402 00:15:12,570 --> 00:15:14,490 to when the capacity of charging and how 403 00:15:14,490 --> 00:15:16,910 that affects the primary and the sympathetic 404 00:15:17,290 --> 00:15:20,090 and the different waveforms. And I just know 405 00:15:20,090 --> 00:15:22,269 that these are, you know, inducing currents, 406 00:15:22,795 --> 00:15:24,394 And each one of these are inducing currents, 407 00:15:24,394 --> 00:15:26,175 but it's like that throwing multiple 408 00:15:26,715 --> 00:15:28,795 rocks into into a body of water. I 409 00:15:28,795 --> 00:15:30,634 just can't I, you know, I need to 410 00:15:30,634 --> 00:15:31,835 see it. I need to draw it out. 411 00:15:31,835 --> 00:15:34,235 I just can't, you know, understand. Hey. Well, 412 00:15:34,235 --> 00:15:36,634 that me means this little boat's gonna go 413 00:15:36,634 --> 00:15:38,789 to the Northwest because, you know, you know, 414 00:15:38,789 --> 00:15:41,029 and this is where I think it's it's 415 00:15:41,029 --> 00:15:43,690 easy to overlook the effects that these harmonics 416 00:15:43,750 --> 00:15:45,750 have because it is it does get kinda 417 00:15:45,750 --> 00:15:48,309 complicated to visualize. Yeah. No. I I like 418 00:15:48,309 --> 00:15:50,629 that analogy of, the rocks and the water 419 00:15:50,629 --> 00:15:52,549 too. You can see those wave forms and 420 00:15:52,789 --> 00:15:55,225 yeah. It becomes, you know, more current flow 421 00:15:55,225 --> 00:15:57,225 that has to be dealt with. And and 422 00:15:57,225 --> 00:15:57,964 the voltage 423 00:15:58,745 --> 00:16:01,964 notching is something again, talking about typical VFDs. 424 00:16:02,024 --> 00:16:05,225 I've got a little picture here of yeah, 425 00:16:05,225 --> 00:16:06,985 showing in the center of the screen there. 426 00:16:06,985 --> 00:16:09,690 Just main section of a typical VFD with 427 00:16:10,169 --> 00:16:12,750 the rectifier front end that's a six pulse, 428 00:16:13,370 --> 00:16:15,950 standard six pulse rectifier in there that's what 429 00:16:16,090 --> 00:16:17,929 you know is very very common. You can 430 00:16:17,929 --> 00:16:19,549 see the DC link capacitors 431 00:16:19,929 --> 00:16:22,090 in the middle there, and of course the 432 00:16:22,090 --> 00:16:24,794 inverter section on the output which is recreating 433 00:16:24,794 --> 00:16:26,174 that sine wave. But 434 00:16:26,475 --> 00:16:29,134 let's turn our attention to you know the 435 00:16:29,835 --> 00:16:32,154 input waveform that we're showing. You can see 436 00:16:32,154 --> 00:16:35,134 you know drawing power creating those that notched 437 00:16:35,195 --> 00:16:35,695 waveform. 438 00:16:36,554 --> 00:16:38,235 And really what I want to point out 439 00:16:38,235 --> 00:16:39,375 on this slide is 440 00:16:40,389 --> 00:16:41,669 okay that's kind of at the top of 441 00:16:41,669 --> 00:16:43,929 the slide I've got a picture of OneDrive 442 00:16:44,149 --> 00:16:46,710 doing that that you know on any given 443 00:16:46,710 --> 00:16:49,269 distribution system there's a variety of loads right? 444 00:16:49,269 --> 00:16:51,669 Each with its own signature that interacts with 445 00:16:51,669 --> 00:16:52,490 each other, 446 00:16:52,815 --> 00:16:55,375 So you end up in trying to show 447 00:16:55,375 --> 00:16:57,955 down in this down in the orange 448 00:16:58,815 --> 00:17:02,095 section here of this drawing. Okay all of 449 00:17:02,095 --> 00:17:05,555 these different loads combined with their own signature 450 00:17:05,615 --> 00:17:07,140 to create kind of a 451 00:17:07,700 --> 00:17:09,859 system signature if you will. And then what 452 00:17:09,859 --> 00:17:12,019 happens is, okay, you've got standards that we'll 453 00:17:12,019 --> 00:17:13,640 talk about here a little bit, but 454 00:17:14,180 --> 00:17:15,240 standards and specifications, 455 00:17:15,779 --> 00:17:17,380 you know, you'll see if you're an engineer 456 00:17:17,380 --> 00:17:19,460 dealing with harmonics, you know, they often refer 457 00:17:19,460 --> 00:17:21,375 to this point of common coupling. So that's 458 00:17:21,375 --> 00:17:22,974 kind of what I'm trying to come across 459 00:17:22,974 --> 00:17:23,634 on this 460 00:17:24,095 --> 00:17:26,174 slide here as well is when you have 461 00:17:26,174 --> 00:17:28,815 a system, you know, it's very useful to 462 00:17:28,815 --> 00:17:31,535 identify this point of common coupling where you're 463 00:17:31,535 --> 00:17:32,355 gonna measure, 464 00:17:32,974 --> 00:17:34,734 these harmonics. So you'll see that in a 465 00:17:34,734 --> 00:17:35,555 lot of specifications. 466 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:37,900 Not sure if you ever seen that, Sean. 467 00:17:38,599 --> 00:17:40,680 No. And and and just the point of 468 00:17:40,680 --> 00:17:41,740 common coupling, 469 00:17:42,359 --> 00:17:44,619 when you're saying that you're referring to 470 00:17:45,319 --> 00:17:46,759 go ahead. Give me that again. What what 471 00:17:46,759 --> 00:17:49,240 does that actually mean? If you notice over 472 00:17:49,240 --> 00:17:51,535 on the right side here, we've got a 473 00:17:51,535 --> 00:17:53,695 different loads. I'm showing I'm showing a couple 474 00:17:53,695 --> 00:17:56,835 of different drives. I'm showing few motors operating 475 00:17:56,894 --> 00:17:57,795 across the line, 476 00:17:58,255 --> 00:17:59,875 each with their own signature, 477 00:18:00,734 --> 00:18:03,455 but that ends up creating, you know, on 478 00:18:03,455 --> 00:18:04,275 the distribution 479 00:18:04,575 --> 00:18:05,075 system, 480 00:18:05,775 --> 00:18:08,820 you know, a system signature. So we need 481 00:18:08,820 --> 00:18:09,559 some place, 482 00:18:09,940 --> 00:18:11,160 you know, to decide, 483 00:18:11,619 --> 00:18:12,980 you know, if you're trying to meet a 484 00:18:12,980 --> 00:18:14,900 spec, well, tell me then where I have 485 00:18:14,900 --> 00:18:15,880 to measure it. 486 00:18:16,259 --> 00:18:18,420 So that becomes that's what this point of 487 00:18:18,420 --> 00:18:20,500 common coupling is. And I just wanted to 488 00:18:20,500 --> 00:18:21,884 get that term out there 489 00:18:22,445 --> 00:18:24,945 because people have often heard of this. Sometimes 490 00:18:25,085 --> 00:18:25,585 it's 491 00:18:25,964 --> 00:18:26,865 right at the 492 00:18:27,164 --> 00:18:29,724 we'll say the you know connection to the 493 00:18:29,724 --> 00:18:30,945 Utility Transformer. 494 00:18:31,484 --> 00:18:33,724 If you're a plant operator maybe you've got 495 00:18:33,724 --> 00:18:35,805 a handful of buildings over here and you 496 00:18:35,805 --> 00:18:36,704 want to define 497 00:18:37,230 --> 00:18:39,869 a point of common coupling between some of 498 00:18:39,869 --> 00:18:40,849 these other buildings. 499 00:18:41,230 --> 00:18:42,769 Mhmm. But it's just 500 00:18:43,230 --> 00:18:43,730 a, 501 00:18:44,029 --> 00:18:45,970 yeah, place to define 502 00:18:46,589 --> 00:18:47,490 for a measurement. 503 00:18:48,029 --> 00:18:49,710 So in this case they have let's say 504 00:18:49,710 --> 00:18:52,875 they have a transformer here. This transformer feeds 505 00:18:53,335 --> 00:18:55,734 two, let's say, VFDs and then two motor 506 00:18:55,734 --> 00:18:56,234 starters. 507 00:18:56,535 --> 00:18:58,694 So they're exactly at that point, you know, 508 00:18:58,694 --> 00:19:00,474 on the outfeed of the transformer, 509 00:19:01,015 --> 00:19:03,035 which we know we have four loads on, 510 00:19:03,174 --> 00:19:05,174 to be that point of common coupling. Because 511 00:19:05,174 --> 00:19:07,180 what's gonna happen is we have all these 512 00:19:07,180 --> 00:19:08,860 different loads, so we have all these different 513 00:19:08,860 --> 00:19:11,259 waveforms. We have the different harmonics from the 514 00:19:11,259 --> 00:19:14,220 VFDs. So that's gonna average together to give 515 00:19:14,220 --> 00:19:15,840 us a a waveform 516 00:19:16,220 --> 00:19:16,960 that's the 517 00:19:17,500 --> 00:19:19,279 combination of those four devices, 518 00:19:19,595 --> 00:19:21,994 And that's point of common coupling. Alright, I'm 519 00:19:21,994 --> 00:19:23,375 with you. Thank you. Exactly. 520 00:19:24,154 --> 00:19:27,035 Again, just one other factor, just to talk 521 00:19:27,035 --> 00:19:28,174 about a factor that 522 00:19:28,555 --> 00:19:29,775 impacts the magnitude 523 00:19:30,315 --> 00:19:31,214 of harmonics, 524 00:19:31,674 --> 00:19:32,174 is 525 00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:34,000 something else you'll see in a lot of 526 00:19:34,000 --> 00:19:34,500 specifications 527 00:19:34,799 --> 00:19:37,460 is what's called the relative short circuit ratio. 528 00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:40,240 And really this is just a metric that's 529 00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:40,740 used 530 00:19:41,359 --> 00:19:42,099 when evaluating 531 00:19:42,799 --> 00:19:44,740 the grid's ability to support 532 00:19:45,265 --> 00:19:48,065 variable frequency drives and and really any other 533 00:19:48,065 --> 00:19:50,785 nonlinear load, which, you know, we mentioned LED 534 00:19:50,785 --> 00:19:53,825 lighting and there's other nonlinear loads out there 535 00:19:53,825 --> 00:19:56,224 too. But what it does is compares the 536 00:19:56,224 --> 00:19:59,505 strength of the grid or distribution system maybe 537 00:19:59,505 --> 00:20:00,804 that you have in your plant 538 00:20:01,319 --> 00:20:03,720 to the size of the connected load. And 539 00:20:03,720 --> 00:20:04,299 of course, 540 00:20:04,919 --> 00:20:05,659 this ratio 541 00:20:05,960 --> 00:20:09,000 and therefore the magnitude of the harmonics is 542 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:10,140 impacted by 543 00:20:10,839 --> 00:20:12,059 transformer size, 544 00:20:12,759 --> 00:20:14,839 by what you all got connected if I've 545 00:20:14,839 --> 00:20:15,980 got other reactors, 546 00:20:16,634 --> 00:20:18,654 how much cable I've got connected. 547 00:20:19,515 --> 00:20:21,375 And then probably most importantly 548 00:20:21,994 --> 00:20:23,375 by load size 549 00:20:23,835 --> 00:20:26,714 and type. In other words, by load size 550 00:20:26,714 --> 00:20:28,174 I mean, okay is this 551 00:20:28,609 --> 00:20:31,109 50 horsepower or 200 horsepower? 552 00:20:31,410 --> 00:20:34,470 And by type meaning, is this 300 horsepower 553 00:20:34,930 --> 00:20:35,430 running 554 00:20:35,809 --> 00:20:37,250 across the line or is it on a 555 00:20:37,330 --> 00:20:38,150 with a VFD? 556 00:20:38,769 --> 00:20:41,090 I like to give an example there, Sean. 557 00:20:41,090 --> 00:20:42,470 Water treatment facilities 558 00:20:42,769 --> 00:20:43,090 often 559 00:20:43,954 --> 00:20:46,115 you hear a lot about harmonics in those 560 00:20:46,115 --> 00:20:47,815 facilities because often 561 00:20:48,674 --> 00:20:50,055 there's such big 562 00:20:50,515 --> 00:20:52,694 motor loads being controlled by VFDs 563 00:20:53,555 --> 00:20:54,535 and that is 564 00:20:55,154 --> 00:20:55,815 by far 565 00:20:56,309 --> 00:20:59,269 the largest represents the largest percentage of load 566 00:20:59,269 --> 00:21:01,369 on that transformer. Right? So I've got 567 00:21:01,750 --> 00:21:04,069 to imagine kind of this remote water treatment 568 00:21:04,069 --> 00:21:04,569 facility, 569 00:21:05,190 --> 00:21:06,889 you know, what's out there? Probably 570 00:21:07,429 --> 00:21:09,909 four to five to six depending on how 571 00:21:09,909 --> 00:21:11,769 big it is, you know, huge motors 572 00:21:12,154 --> 00:21:15,835 running pumps, right? And not much else. So 573 00:21:15,835 --> 00:21:17,835 there's an example of people that would be 574 00:21:17,835 --> 00:21:20,875 you know very concerned about how much you 575 00:21:20,875 --> 00:21:23,115 know what percentage of nonlinear load do I 576 00:21:23,115 --> 00:21:23,615 have 577 00:21:24,019 --> 00:21:24,919 on my transformer? 578 00:21:25,539 --> 00:21:26,279 So that's 579 00:21:26,659 --> 00:21:28,740 kind of all relates back to this short 580 00:21:28,740 --> 00:21:31,059 circuit ratio. Again, something you see in a 581 00:21:31,059 --> 00:21:32,579 lot of specs. So just trying to give 582 00:21:32,579 --> 00:21:34,740 some definition around what that is. Sure if 583 00:21:34,740 --> 00:21:36,899 you got anything, any questions or anything you 584 00:21:36,899 --> 00:21:39,194 wanted to add or? No. I I appreciate 585 00:21:39,194 --> 00:21:41,115 that. Appreciate you going over. No. Kind of 586 00:21:41,115 --> 00:21:42,555 a point I'm trying to make is, you 587 00:21:42,555 --> 00:21:45,055 know, there's multiple factors that impact the magnitude 588 00:21:45,355 --> 00:21:47,434 and lots of things to think about and 589 00:21:47,434 --> 00:21:48,494 figure out. It's like, 590 00:21:48,795 --> 00:21:50,894 wow. If you're a plant engineer with responsibilities 591 00:21:51,194 --> 00:21:53,115 for a power grid, wouldn't it be great 592 00:21:53,115 --> 00:21:55,490 not to have to think about this? And 593 00:21:55,490 --> 00:21:57,409 I guess ask you to remember, you know, 594 00:21:57,409 --> 00:21:59,490 why I showed you at the beginning of 595 00:21:59,490 --> 00:22:00,230 this is, 596 00:22:00,769 --> 00:22:01,669 well, our 597 00:22:01,970 --> 00:22:02,789 our product, 598 00:22:03,490 --> 00:22:04,950 you know, take that 599 00:22:05,329 --> 00:22:06,789 whatever's I drive is 600 00:22:07,184 --> 00:22:08,484 giving you no 601 00:22:09,105 --> 00:22:12,144 distortion at the terminals, no, you know, near 602 00:22:12,144 --> 00:22:14,704 unity power factor. So it becomes something that 603 00:22:14,704 --> 00:22:15,764 can really simplify. 604 00:22:16,224 --> 00:22:18,224 Yeah. Make make make a life of a 605 00:22:18,224 --> 00:22:20,804 plant engineer much simpler by specifying 606 00:22:21,490 --> 00:22:23,730 products that are you know low harmonic content. 607 00:22:23,730 --> 00:22:26,369 So let's talk just okay so we kind 608 00:22:26,369 --> 00:22:27,029 of defined 609 00:22:27,809 --> 00:22:30,450 variable frequency drives. We we like them. They 610 00:22:30,450 --> 00:22:32,690 do a lot of good things. But okay 611 00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:34,710 there's some things going on with harmonics. 612 00:22:35,444 --> 00:22:36,984 Okay so what's what's necessarily 613 00:22:37,365 --> 00:22:39,605 bad about these harmonics? So I've got a 614 00:22:39,605 --> 00:22:42,105 couple slides here showing that'll walk us through 615 00:22:42,404 --> 00:22:43,065 the effects 616 00:22:43,525 --> 00:22:44,025 of, 617 00:22:44,565 --> 00:22:46,164 you know, kind of the pain points of 618 00:22:46,164 --> 00:22:47,304 harmonics. So, 619 00:22:47,684 --> 00:22:49,464 you know, with regards to transformers, 620 00:22:50,200 --> 00:22:52,519 generally, remember we talked about there's there's more 621 00:22:52,519 --> 00:22:55,000 current flowing at these other frequencies. So that's 622 00:22:55,000 --> 00:22:55,500 gonna 623 00:22:55,880 --> 00:22:57,500 induce some additional heating 624 00:22:57,799 --> 00:22:59,180 and additional losses, 625 00:23:00,039 --> 00:23:02,299 likely to see some insulation stress, 626 00:23:02,904 --> 00:23:04,204 possibly even some 627 00:23:04,585 --> 00:23:06,984 resonant frequencies that are gonna set up core 628 00:23:06,984 --> 00:23:07,484 vibrations. 629 00:23:08,345 --> 00:23:09,865 So those are some of the, you know, 630 00:23:09,865 --> 00:23:11,644 undesirable things with generators. 631 00:23:12,184 --> 00:23:13,005 You know, there's 632 00:23:13,785 --> 00:23:14,285 most 633 00:23:14,664 --> 00:23:18,180 good sized facilities have a standby generator. Right? 634 00:23:18,420 --> 00:23:18,920 Well, 635 00:23:19,220 --> 00:23:21,320 now if I'm operating a lot of nonlinear 636 00:23:21,619 --> 00:23:22,119 loads, 637 00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:24,500 I'd really start to need need to start 638 00:23:24,500 --> 00:23:27,640 to pay attention to, okay, is my generator 639 00:23:27,700 --> 00:23:30,434 gonna work to power these nonlinear loads? So 640 00:23:31,075 --> 00:23:33,875 something to consider there. And what what ends 641 00:23:33,875 --> 00:23:35,255 up happening is you people 642 00:23:36,115 --> 00:23:37,955 may have to oversize that generator 643 00:23:38,355 --> 00:23:41,174 Mhmm. To be able to run these nonlinear 644 00:23:41,394 --> 00:23:41,894 loads. 645 00:23:42,355 --> 00:23:42,855 And 646 00:23:43,555 --> 00:23:46,269 dropping down to cables and conductors again, if 647 00:23:46,269 --> 00:23:48,990 I've got more current flowing through them, that's 648 00:23:48,990 --> 00:23:51,329 gonna increase your cable losses 649 00:23:51,789 --> 00:23:54,190 due to increased cable resistance caused by the 650 00:23:54,190 --> 00:23:57,470 skin effect, which is something that in tendency 651 00:23:57,470 --> 00:23:59,250 of alternating currents to flow 652 00:23:59,914 --> 00:24:01,934 primarily along the surface of the conductor. 653 00:24:02,234 --> 00:24:03,054 Yeah. Increasing 654 00:24:04,075 --> 00:24:06,734 or decreasing its ability to, you know, 655 00:24:07,035 --> 00:24:08,734 do its job and really deteriorating 656 00:24:09,355 --> 00:24:10,335 the the insulation, 657 00:24:11,194 --> 00:24:12,734 due to excessive heating. 658 00:24:13,049 --> 00:24:15,309 So those are all, you know, negative things 659 00:24:15,690 --> 00:24:17,049 that happen when you have a lot of 660 00:24:17,049 --> 00:24:19,610 harmonics. Right? Alright. Looking at one more slide 661 00:24:19,610 --> 00:24:20,910 of just some, 662 00:24:21,210 --> 00:24:23,930 you know, negative impact on circuit breakers or 663 00:24:24,650 --> 00:24:26,110 that may trip prematurely 664 00:24:26,490 --> 00:24:28,110 or fuses that may open 665 00:24:29,154 --> 00:24:30,934 prematurely. Again, thermomagnetic 666 00:24:31,474 --> 00:24:34,115 circuit breakers have these bimetallic strips that may 667 00:24:34,115 --> 00:24:36,855 be impacted by those additional currents flowing. 668 00:24:37,634 --> 00:24:40,674 Electronic type circuit breakers use current sensors which 669 00:24:40,674 --> 00:24:41,974 need to account for, 670 00:24:42,430 --> 00:24:44,910 you know, these harmonic currents. Yeah. Most circuit 671 00:24:44,910 --> 00:24:46,830 breakers are designed to trip at a zero 672 00:24:46,830 --> 00:24:50,509 crossover point. So with these distorted currents, you 673 00:24:50,509 --> 00:24:51,009 know, 674 00:24:51,390 --> 00:24:53,970 there may be some spurious zero crossovers. 675 00:24:54,269 --> 00:24:56,294 And then kind of some similar problems with 676 00:24:56,294 --> 00:24:59,414 fuses again due to heating effect. This RMS 677 00:24:59,414 --> 00:24:59,914 current 678 00:25:00,454 --> 00:25:03,255 and non uniform current distribution through the fuse 679 00:25:03,255 --> 00:25:05,595 element. You know, what tends to happen is 680 00:25:06,214 --> 00:25:07,835 people may have to oversize 681 00:25:08,134 --> 00:25:08,634 fuses. 682 00:25:09,250 --> 00:25:11,169 But of course, I'm also, you know, to 683 00:25:11,169 --> 00:25:13,890 match that actual RMS curve that's flowing with 684 00:25:13,890 --> 00:25:16,009 these harmonics. But okay, that's not necessarily 685 00:25:16,450 --> 00:25:18,769 unless somebody's out there measuring it, they don't 686 00:25:18,769 --> 00:25:21,169 know what that is. Right, Sean? And I've 687 00:25:21,169 --> 00:25:23,204 got codes to meet. I can't just put 688 00:25:23,204 --> 00:25:24,904 a way bigger fuse in. 689 00:25:25,365 --> 00:25:26,964 So, you know, it kind of becomes this 690 00:25:26,964 --> 00:25:29,065 balancing act. Right? Yep. So 691 00:25:29,365 --> 00:25:31,125 Yeah. So those are all things, you know, 692 00:25:31,125 --> 00:25:32,484 that happen when you have a lot of 693 00:25:32,484 --> 00:25:35,044 harmonics. Again, I can kind of summarize them 694 00:25:35,044 --> 00:25:36,424 on one slide here. 695 00:25:36,980 --> 00:25:39,539 Line, you know, line harmonics produced by these 696 00:25:39,539 --> 00:25:41,640 nonlinear loads cause overheating, 697 00:25:42,500 --> 00:25:44,519 inefficient operation, you know, and 698 00:25:45,059 --> 00:25:45,799 more losses, 699 00:25:46,500 --> 00:25:48,599 perhaps some premature line tripping, 700 00:25:49,475 --> 00:25:50,375 perhaps some 701 00:25:50,835 --> 00:25:52,615 system oscillations and instability, 702 00:25:53,315 --> 00:25:54,455 perhaps noise, 703 00:25:55,154 --> 00:25:58,115 and and yeah. And reduced power factor. So 704 00:25:58,115 --> 00:26:00,455 none of those are good. Right? In general, 705 00:26:00,595 --> 00:26:01,095 reduced 706 00:26:02,035 --> 00:26:02,535 efficiency, 707 00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:05,559 increased power loss and energy costs, and of 708 00:26:05,559 --> 00:26:08,039 course then higher carbon emissions as well. And 709 00:26:08,039 --> 00:26:09,880 yet to kind of summarize this all up, 710 00:26:09,880 --> 00:26:10,700 current distortion 711 00:26:11,640 --> 00:26:14,119 is is bad, infects your all your systems. 712 00:26:14,119 --> 00:26:16,460 You gotta account for it. Voltage distortion 713 00:26:17,255 --> 00:26:18,075 is often 714 00:26:18,615 --> 00:26:20,214 the one that will get people that it's 715 00:26:20,214 --> 00:26:21,994 much worse because that goes 716 00:26:22,615 --> 00:26:25,654 all other systems as well if if left 717 00:26:25,654 --> 00:26:27,974 unchecked. So that's my kind of my summary 718 00:26:27,974 --> 00:26:30,390 slide there of effects of harmonics and why 719 00:26:30,390 --> 00:26:32,950 we wanna do things to control them. So 720 00:26:32,950 --> 00:26:35,589 any any thoughts or questions there, Sean? No. 721 00:26:35,589 --> 00:26:37,029 I think I think the slide does a 722 00:26:37,029 --> 00:26:38,869 good job of showing that, you know, this 723 00:26:38,869 --> 00:26:40,569 isn't not just for your 724 00:26:41,424 --> 00:26:42,644 VFD, VSD. 725 00:26:43,025 --> 00:26:44,705 It's the other things on the line too 726 00:26:44,705 --> 00:26:46,484 that you're affecting. Right? So 727 00:26:46,785 --> 00:26:48,545 so now I'm sure some of the, some 728 00:26:48,545 --> 00:26:51,505 of those, listening or watching have have stories 729 00:26:51,505 --> 00:26:53,184 of where, you know, one drive, two drive 730 00:26:53,184 --> 00:26:55,025 wasn't a problem, four, five, six drives, and 731 00:26:55,025 --> 00:26:57,299 they started seeing these issues because it was 732 00:26:57,299 --> 00:26:59,059 cumulative. Right? You know, the more drives you 733 00:26:59,059 --> 00:27:01,460 have. So, I'd love to hear any stories 734 00:27:01,460 --> 00:27:03,460 you guys that are listening and watching have 735 00:27:03,460 --> 00:27:05,539 about this and what you did to resolve 736 00:27:05,539 --> 00:27:08,279 it. But, this is this is I mean, 737 00:27:08,500 --> 00:27:10,339 in some cases, you may just need to 738 00:27:10,339 --> 00:27:12,315 get a VFD, like this clean power 739 00:27:13,115 --> 00:27:14,815 drive that eliminates this problem 740 00:27:15,355 --> 00:27:17,914 versus, you know, other ways of dealing with 741 00:27:17,914 --> 00:27:20,554 it. Sure. Oh, so, yeah, that that leads 742 00:27:20,554 --> 00:27:22,474 well into my next kind of couple of 743 00:27:22,474 --> 00:27:25,079 slides here. I mean, harmonics are not new. 744 00:27:25,159 --> 00:27:27,960 Line harmonics voltage distortion isn't something that's new. 745 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:29,480 I mean, this this has been around for 746 00:27:29,480 --> 00:27:31,799 as long as VFBs has been around. So 747 00:27:31,799 --> 00:27:33,960 people have come up with, you know, ways 748 00:27:33,960 --> 00:27:36,299 to mitigate this. And I've got, 749 00:27:36,679 --> 00:27:39,399 you know, five of those methods listed on 750 00:27:39,399 --> 00:27:41,565 the screen. And we're just gonna kinda very 751 00:27:41,565 --> 00:27:44,044 quickly step through these. But the last one 752 00:27:44,044 --> 00:27:46,684 there is really we're gonna get to okay. 753 00:27:46,684 --> 00:27:48,285 What is in the g two twenty that 754 00:27:48,285 --> 00:27:50,605 makes it unique, and why do I wanna 755 00:27:50,605 --> 00:27:52,065 talk about it? So 756 00:27:52,444 --> 00:27:54,204 again, what and we'll come back to this 757 00:27:54,204 --> 00:27:56,400 summary slide at the end here, but just 758 00:27:57,039 --> 00:27:59,059 okay. Like I said, people have 759 00:27:59,599 --> 00:28:01,119 come up with a handful of different ways 760 00:28:01,119 --> 00:28:03,279 to try and mitigate harmonics. First one is 761 00:28:03,279 --> 00:28:04,580 just, you know, a simple 762 00:28:05,039 --> 00:28:07,279 line reactor. And what you also see is 763 00:28:07,279 --> 00:28:08,019 some manufacturers, 764 00:28:08,654 --> 00:28:10,734 and Siemens has done this too, to some 765 00:28:10,734 --> 00:28:12,734 of our lines. We have DC chokes in 766 00:28:12,734 --> 00:28:13,234 the, 767 00:28:13,615 --> 00:28:15,775 you know, in that DC link section. You 768 00:28:15,775 --> 00:28:17,695 know, it's an inductor and really all that's 769 00:28:17,695 --> 00:28:18,674 doing is imposing, 770 00:28:18,975 --> 00:28:21,869 you know, opposing rather the rate of change 771 00:28:21,869 --> 00:28:24,049 of current flowing through it. So it kinda 772 00:28:24,750 --> 00:28:26,750 takes the top off of those notches if 773 00:28:26,750 --> 00:28:28,930 you you will. Yeah. It's simple, 774 00:28:29,309 --> 00:28:30,289 probably economical. 775 00:28:31,070 --> 00:28:33,789 It's usually applied to each VFD. If you 776 00:28:33,789 --> 00:28:36,430 know something about what impedance you need, there's 777 00:28:36,430 --> 00:28:38,015 there's a selection 778 00:28:38,555 --> 00:28:40,815 you know available in these AC line reactors. 779 00:28:41,195 --> 00:28:43,295 You can select the impedance you want. 780 00:28:43,755 --> 00:28:45,295 But some of the negative things 781 00:28:45,755 --> 00:28:47,355 is they take up more panel space. They 782 00:28:47,355 --> 00:28:48,894 gotta wire it. And 783 00:28:49,720 --> 00:28:51,880 in reality, it only offers kind of a 784 00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:52,860 small improvement. 785 00:28:53,559 --> 00:28:54,299 So people 786 00:28:54,680 --> 00:28:56,840 invented other things. So the next thing I 787 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:58,539 got here is people came up with, 788 00:28:58,840 --> 00:29:01,720 they call them massive harmonic filters. They're also 789 00:29:01,720 --> 00:29:04,964 called line harmonic filters, you know, LHF, you 790 00:29:04,964 --> 00:29:07,765 see that or harmonic trap filters. And what 791 00:29:07,765 --> 00:29:08,265 these 792 00:29:08,565 --> 00:29:11,765 do is they eliminate or control kind of 793 00:29:11,765 --> 00:29:12,664 those dominant 794 00:29:13,285 --> 00:29:15,845 lower order harmonics. I didn't talk about this 795 00:29:15,845 --> 00:29:18,630 much, but these harmonic currents that are flowing 796 00:29:18,630 --> 00:29:20,950 they're they're much more dominant kind of at 797 00:29:20,950 --> 00:29:23,190 the lower end of the frequency range so 798 00:29:23,190 --> 00:29:25,210 they these harmonic trap filters 799 00:29:25,669 --> 00:29:28,490 work on, you know, those low order harmonics. 800 00:29:29,075 --> 00:29:31,315 And they they can be effective for, you 801 00:29:31,315 --> 00:29:33,474 know, putting in front of a drive. Kind 802 00:29:33,474 --> 00:29:35,734 of what they consist of is a LC 803 00:29:35,875 --> 00:29:38,355 circuit there, maybe with a damping resistor, and 804 00:29:38,355 --> 00:29:41,474 they get tuned to these specific frequencies. So 805 00:29:41,714 --> 00:29:43,095 but again, it's a device 806 00:29:43,609 --> 00:29:44,750 that takes up 807 00:29:45,130 --> 00:29:47,529 panel space. I have to install that separate 808 00:29:47,529 --> 00:29:49,289 from the drive, so I gotta wire it. 809 00:29:50,090 --> 00:29:51,450 And then they don't do a very good 810 00:29:51,450 --> 00:29:54,250 job because they still have, you know, voltage 811 00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:57,450 notching and instability on gen generator operation is 812 00:29:57,450 --> 00:29:59,024 a a is a known problem with these 813 00:29:59,024 --> 00:29:59,845 things. And 814 00:30:00,144 --> 00:30:02,005 okay you're introducing more losses 815 00:30:02,625 --> 00:30:05,765 to the system. So that's passive harmonic filters. 816 00:30:05,904 --> 00:30:07,984 The next thing I've got here is, you 817 00:30:07,984 --> 00:30:10,464 may have this has been pretty common in 818 00:30:10,464 --> 00:30:12,944 the industry. It's called the 18 pulse front 819 00:30:12,944 --> 00:30:15,630 end. And really what this does is uses 820 00:30:16,490 --> 00:30:18,590 takes your incoming three phase power 821 00:30:19,210 --> 00:30:22,809 and really converts it to nine phases with 822 00:30:22,809 --> 00:30:24,509 a, you know, special 823 00:30:24,809 --> 00:30:25,309 transformer, 824 00:30:25,690 --> 00:30:27,630 that creates a phase shift 825 00:30:28,585 --> 00:30:29,085 between 826 00:30:29,545 --> 00:30:30,365 these different, 827 00:30:30,745 --> 00:30:32,684 now nine phases, so I can 828 00:30:33,305 --> 00:30:35,245 now I gotta have this 18 pulse, 829 00:30:36,184 --> 00:30:38,424 diode bridge and you can kinda see that 830 00:30:38,424 --> 00:30:40,105 on the on the slide here too. So 831 00:30:40,105 --> 00:30:41,970 I need, you know, this involves a lot 832 00:30:41,970 --> 00:30:43,910 of equipment. I need this auto transformer, 833 00:30:44,609 --> 00:30:47,570 I need a different rectifier bridge, you know, 834 00:30:47,570 --> 00:30:50,210 a much bigger one really, but it does 835 00:30:50,210 --> 00:30:52,289 do a really good job of yeah. So 836 00:30:52,289 --> 00:30:54,930 I'm not drawing current in big chunks anymore, 837 00:30:54,930 --> 00:30:55,670 I'm drawing 838 00:30:56,325 --> 00:30:58,825 current more often. Right? Because I've 839 00:30:59,444 --> 00:31:01,544 got this, you know, 18 pulse rectifier. 840 00:31:02,404 --> 00:31:02,904 So 841 00:31:03,284 --> 00:31:05,224 it really does a good job of meeting, 842 00:31:05,284 --> 00:31:07,204 you know, there's a standard out there called 843 00:31:07,204 --> 00:31:08,585 IEEE five nineteen 844 00:31:09,179 --> 00:31:11,179 that's referenced, that we'll talk about just a 845 00:31:11,179 --> 00:31:12,539 little bit more here in a bit. And 846 00:31:12,539 --> 00:31:13,440 these also, 847 00:31:14,299 --> 00:31:16,799 work relatively well with the standby generator. 848 00:31:17,339 --> 00:31:19,899 Some of the negative things is, okay, you 849 00:31:19,899 --> 00:31:22,619 know, soon as I introduce that transformer and 850 00:31:22,619 --> 00:31:23,679 more switching, 851 00:31:24,285 --> 00:31:26,225 that reduces my system efficiency. 852 00:31:27,005 --> 00:31:29,404 And really the big one is this takes 853 00:31:29,404 --> 00:31:32,045 a ton of space to not only mount 854 00:31:32,045 --> 00:31:35,085 that transformer, but that, 18 pulse rectifier. I 855 00:31:35,085 --> 00:31:37,250 got a wire between all of that. So 856 00:31:37,250 --> 00:31:38,869 it ends up being a pretty substantial 857 00:31:39,250 --> 00:31:42,390 product cost in terms of component cost and 858 00:31:42,450 --> 00:31:43,750 and floor space cost. 859 00:31:44,369 --> 00:31:46,610 So, but you know has been widely used 860 00:31:46,610 --> 00:31:48,549 in the industry but a lot of metal, 861 00:31:48,610 --> 00:31:50,950 you know copper and iron, being used 862 00:31:51,410 --> 00:31:52,230 in that solution. 863 00:31:52,769 --> 00:31:52,904 Next 864 00:32:01,305 --> 00:32:02,365 IBT bridge 865 00:32:03,065 --> 00:32:05,545 and a DC bus much like the front 866 00:32:05,545 --> 00:32:07,404 end, front two parts of that 867 00:32:07,710 --> 00:32:09,390 AC drive that I showed you. So we've 868 00:32:09,390 --> 00:32:12,269 got kind of a the front end and 869 00:32:12,269 --> 00:32:14,269 a DC bus set in there. And what 870 00:32:14,269 --> 00:32:15,890 this really does is monitors 871 00:32:17,869 --> 00:32:19,890 the current and then really generates 872 00:32:20,414 --> 00:32:21,475 compensation current 873 00:32:22,174 --> 00:32:24,674 in opposite phase to offset harmonics. 874 00:32:25,615 --> 00:32:26,115 So 875 00:32:26,495 --> 00:32:29,615 this can be, you know, effective. The waveform 876 00:32:29,615 --> 00:32:32,975 looks pretty good. It's unaffected by impedance changes 877 00:32:32,975 --> 00:32:34,914 because it's managing the switches. 878 00:32:35,710 --> 00:32:38,210 But yeah, it tends to be you know 879 00:32:38,509 --> 00:32:39,330 more complex, 880 00:32:40,029 --> 00:32:42,210 it's more expensive than passive filters, 881 00:32:42,670 --> 00:32:43,809 and again it becomes 882 00:32:44,750 --> 00:32:47,870 another device to install. Permissioning can be a 883 00:32:47,870 --> 00:32:48,769 bit of a challenge 884 00:32:49,575 --> 00:32:51,815 because you gotta get this tuned to obtain 885 00:32:51,815 --> 00:32:52,794 optimal performance. 886 00:32:53,654 --> 00:32:55,815 Although there are some self tuning ones out 887 00:32:55,815 --> 00:32:58,214 there that, you know, help take that burden 888 00:32:58,214 --> 00:32:59,034 away. But, 889 00:32:59,414 --> 00:33:01,674 yeah, you gotta install another piece of equipment 890 00:33:01,734 --> 00:33:03,414 that takes up think of it as, you 891 00:33:03,414 --> 00:33:04,759 know, two thirds of 892 00:33:05,299 --> 00:33:07,299 another VFD setting out there. Right? I would 893 00:33:07,299 --> 00:33:09,779 think it is also less energy efficient too 894 00:33:09,779 --> 00:33:11,460 because so we all know we have noise 895 00:33:11,460 --> 00:33:12,519 canceling headphones. 896 00:33:13,059 --> 00:33:16,599 They take power to generate a cancel waveform. 897 00:33:17,284 --> 00:33:19,525 Right? So we were already losing power because 898 00:33:19,525 --> 00:33:22,025 of harmonics, and now we're generating another waveform 899 00:33:22,644 --> 00:33:24,565 to cancel out the harmonics. So it just 900 00:33:24,565 --> 00:33:26,345 seems like we're losing more energy 901 00:33:27,204 --> 00:33:29,365 to produce this canceling wave. So it I 902 00:33:29,365 --> 00:33:31,065 mean, I could if this is the option 903 00:33:31,365 --> 00:33:34,150 that works, then you have the space granted, 904 00:33:34,150 --> 00:33:34,650 but 905 00:33:35,190 --> 00:33:37,430 it seems like it's less energy efficient than 906 00:33:37,430 --> 00:33:39,830 maybe a passive filter. Right? But I don't 907 00:33:39,830 --> 00:33:41,590 know. What do you I mean, two thirds 908 00:33:41,590 --> 00:33:43,910 more of the panel space as a as 909 00:33:43,910 --> 00:33:45,750 just the VFD alone. That sounds like a 910 00:33:45,750 --> 00:33:46,570 lot of equipment. 911 00:33:47,605 --> 00:33:50,005 Give you a a fucking waveform. So I 912 00:33:50,005 --> 00:33:52,565 think that's why people like it. But, yeah, 913 00:33:52,565 --> 00:33:54,825 it is definitely something that's more complex. 914 00:33:55,204 --> 00:33:55,704 And 915 00:33:56,404 --> 00:33:57,144 and again, 916 00:33:57,605 --> 00:34:00,964 I think also there's that commissioning aspect. And 917 00:34:00,964 --> 00:34:03,304 another thing is okay. So you get it 918 00:34:03,359 --> 00:34:06,339 set up on a given distribution system and 919 00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:09,359 it's doing great. Okay what happens when I 920 00:34:09,359 --> 00:34:11,539 add a couple of more drives on this 921 00:34:11,679 --> 00:34:13,859 distribution system? It's gonna change 922 00:34:14,559 --> 00:34:17,219 the dynamics and may need to 923 00:34:17,894 --> 00:34:20,375 do some recommissioning. So again it's something that 924 00:34:20,375 --> 00:34:22,695 a plant operator would would need to you 925 00:34:22,695 --> 00:34:25,094 know pay attention to. So all those methods 926 00:34:25,094 --> 00:34:27,494 and and what I'm gonna get to next 927 00:34:27,494 --> 00:34:30,535 is something that's actually in the G220. So 928 00:34:30,535 --> 00:34:32,235 all these previous method methods 929 00:34:32,769 --> 00:34:34,690 you know kind of works to a degree 930 00:34:34,690 --> 00:34:36,630 and each kind of has its maybe 931 00:34:37,010 --> 00:34:38,470 strong points and 932 00:34:38,930 --> 00:34:40,390 and not so strong points. 933 00:34:40,930 --> 00:34:42,849 But what I want to talk about now 934 00:34:42,849 --> 00:34:45,829 is something that's called active front end. And 935 00:34:45,970 --> 00:34:48,155 this is you know, the g two twenty 936 00:34:48,155 --> 00:34:49,855 clean power drive is a version 937 00:34:50,394 --> 00:34:53,195 of this active front end. So active front 938 00:34:53,195 --> 00:34:55,275 ends. So what do we mean by that? 939 00:34:55,275 --> 00:34:57,215 Basically, it's, you know, a sinusoidal 940 00:34:57,675 --> 00:35:00,974 input rectifier. And we are controlling the commutation 941 00:35:01,849 --> 00:35:04,429 or when we're conducting energy. So 942 00:35:05,369 --> 00:35:07,449 with that we can get, you know, if 943 00:35:07,449 --> 00:35:09,789 done right we can have a high dynamic 944 00:35:09,849 --> 00:35:11,869 response. So we can respond to, 945 00:35:12,329 --> 00:35:15,464 changes for instance, you know, voltage dips in 946 00:35:15,464 --> 00:35:16,684 the distribution center 947 00:35:17,224 --> 00:35:18,924 excuse me, distribution system. 948 00:35:19,704 --> 00:35:21,545 And and because of that, then we we 949 00:35:21,545 --> 00:35:23,944 can also kinda get because we're controlling when 950 00:35:23,944 --> 00:35:25,244 we're conducting current, 951 00:35:25,700 --> 00:35:28,340 you know, it's it's near you unity power 952 00:35:28,340 --> 00:35:30,500 factor. So, yeah. These active front ends have 953 00:35:30,500 --> 00:35:32,740 been versions of these drives out there as 954 00:35:32,740 --> 00:35:33,240 well. 955 00:35:33,860 --> 00:35:35,079 What's unique 956 00:35:35,700 --> 00:35:37,539 about the g two twenty is that it's 957 00:35:37,539 --> 00:35:38,840 a two quadrant 958 00:35:39,300 --> 00:35:40,599 active front end. 959 00:35:42,115 --> 00:35:44,535 So power is flowing only in one direction. 960 00:35:44,835 --> 00:35:47,635 So in other words from the supplier line 961 00:35:47,635 --> 00:35:50,275 source, you know, through the drive to the 962 00:35:50,275 --> 00:35:50,775 motor. 963 00:35:51,155 --> 00:35:53,795 These are called clean power. So you hear 964 00:35:53,795 --> 00:35:56,355 the name clean power infeed that's because okay 965 00:35:56,355 --> 00:35:59,469 the, you know, the infeed or line supply 966 00:35:59,690 --> 00:36:00,909 is is clean. 967 00:36:01,449 --> 00:36:02,750 This is known as something, 968 00:36:03,530 --> 00:36:05,609 out in the industry. They're called Vienna bridge 969 00:36:05,609 --> 00:36:06,109 rectifiers. 970 00:36:07,210 --> 00:36:09,869 Vienna bridge rectifiers, something that was invented 971 00:36:10,545 --> 00:36:11,764 in the mid nineties. 972 00:36:12,545 --> 00:36:13,764 And basically, 973 00:36:14,304 --> 00:36:15,984 I I just put up a, you know, 974 00:36:15,984 --> 00:36:18,625 bigger diagram of kinda what's going on here. 975 00:36:18,625 --> 00:36:20,784 There you can kinda see, okay, it is 976 00:36:20,784 --> 00:36:21,925 only two quadrant, 977 00:36:22,545 --> 00:36:26,005 but there's this three level switching process that 978 00:36:26,599 --> 00:36:27,099 really 979 00:36:27,480 --> 00:36:29,739 reduces all these lower ordered harmonics. 980 00:36:30,280 --> 00:36:30,780 So 981 00:36:31,159 --> 00:36:33,659 this provides them a stable controllable. 982 00:36:34,440 --> 00:36:37,400 The advantage is five voltage DC output, so 983 00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:39,800 there's no voltage reduction going on. Makes it 984 00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:42,074 ideal for high power applications like 985 00:36:42,554 --> 00:36:43,054 VFDs. 986 00:36:43,355 --> 00:36:46,234 And again, remember I mentioned earlier in the 987 00:36:46,234 --> 00:36:47,295 conversation here, 988 00:36:47,594 --> 00:36:50,655 electric vehicle chargers. So this is a technology 989 00:36:50,795 --> 00:36:53,135 that's been popularized by some of the people. 990 00:36:53,355 --> 00:36:55,214 Yeah. Making electric vehicle chargers 991 00:36:55,514 --> 00:36:57,839 as well. So and really, yeah. What we're 992 00:36:57,839 --> 00:36:58,900 doing here is 993 00:36:59,199 --> 00:36:59,699 using 994 00:37:00,400 --> 00:37:02,019 on smaller sizes MOSFETs 995 00:37:02,559 --> 00:37:05,199 or on larger sizes, you know, IGBTs here 996 00:37:05,199 --> 00:37:06,339 in the power section. 997 00:37:06,639 --> 00:37:08,559 Mhmm. And then using a very, you know, 998 00:37:08,559 --> 00:37:11,565 part of the sauce here is the control 999 00:37:11,864 --> 00:37:13,485 or of the pulse width modulation 1000 00:37:14,345 --> 00:37:15,724 to manage power 1001 00:37:16,105 --> 00:37:16,605 inflow 1002 00:37:17,864 --> 00:37:20,265 is is really, as short a sentence as 1003 00:37:20,265 --> 00:37:22,025 I can come up to describe what's going 1004 00:37:22,025 --> 00:37:24,820 on here. With this, because we're only controlling 1005 00:37:24,820 --> 00:37:27,539 power in one direction, there's some ability, you 1006 00:37:27,539 --> 00:37:30,340 know, we we don't have as many switching 1007 00:37:30,340 --> 00:37:30,840 losses. 1008 00:37:31,699 --> 00:37:33,079 Again, because we're 1009 00:37:33,619 --> 00:37:35,239 only dealing with two quadrants, 1010 00:37:36,179 --> 00:37:38,885 it's a compact size, but it is non 1011 00:37:38,885 --> 00:37:39,385 regenerative. 1012 00:37:39,684 --> 00:37:40,824 And I I just 1013 00:37:41,204 --> 00:37:42,724 what I'll do here is I'll put up, 1014 00:37:42,724 --> 00:37:43,625 you know, a 1015 00:37:43,925 --> 00:37:44,744 four quadrant 1016 00:37:45,284 --> 00:37:45,784 comparison. 1017 00:37:46,405 --> 00:37:47,144 So there 1018 00:37:47,684 --> 00:37:49,684 are active front ends out there that are 1019 00:37:49,684 --> 00:37:52,139 four quadrant, which has more of a full 1020 00:37:52,139 --> 00:37:52,639 IGBT, 1021 00:37:53,420 --> 00:37:55,359 you know, front end to it. 1022 00:37:55,739 --> 00:37:58,000 The advantage of that is you do get 1023 00:37:58,380 --> 00:37:59,839 power flow. It is regenerative. 1024 00:38:00,139 --> 00:38:02,159 You do get power flow in both directions. 1025 00:38:02,780 --> 00:38:04,559 But of course now I have higher 1026 00:38:04,934 --> 00:38:07,515 losses because I'm switching in both directions 1027 00:38:07,974 --> 00:38:08,474 and 1028 00:38:08,775 --> 00:38:11,015 and you know, just a little bit less 1029 00:38:11,015 --> 00:38:13,914 efficient. So really kind of coming back to 1030 00:38:14,695 --> 00:38:15,755 what's in the 1031 00:38:16,614 --> 00:38:17,835 the g two twenty 1032 00:38:18,215 --> 00:38:20,394 clean power drive is this two quadrant 1033 00:38:20,989 --> 00:38:22,210 Vienna Bridge rectifier. 1034 00:38:23,150 --> 00:38:24,849 Again because we're only controlling 1035 00:38:25,549 --> 00:38:28,449 power in one direction there's some space savings 1036 00:38:28,510 --> 00:38:30,989 that that come from that. So yeah and 1037 00:38:30,989 --> 00:38:31,889 I'll just add 1038 00:38:32,349 --> 00:38:34,829 a two quadrant so that's why this is 1039 00:38:34,829 --> 00:38:37,445 targeted at you know, non regenerative 1040 00:38:38,224 --> 00:38:41,025 load applications like pumps and fans. Right? And 1041 00:38:41,025 --> 00:38:42,565 compressors. Those are not 1042 00:38:43,025 --> 00:38:44,244 regen load applications. 1043 00:38:45,105 --> 00:38:47,525 If you need something, you know, four quadrant 1044 00:38:47,664 --> 00:38:49,329 that would be, you know, like think of 1045 00:38:49,329 --> 00:38:52,070 a hoisting application or something like that. Maybe 1046 00:38:52,769 --> 00:38:55,170 large centrifuges or something like that that has 1047 00:38:55,170 --> 00:38:57,510 a lot of mass that's been accelerated up 1048 00:38:57,570 --> 00:38:59,889 and yet can capture some region on the 1049 00:38:59,889 --> 00:39:01,844 D cell. But that's kind of, 1050 00:39:02,405 --> 00:39:02,905 what's 1051 00:39:03,284 --> 00:39:05,605 in the g two twenty clean power drive. 1052 00:39:05,605 --> 00:39:08,025 So, Sean, I'll just kinda stop there and 1053 00:39:08,644 --> 00:39:10,744 the and by the way, the waveform 1054 00:39:11,204 --> 00:39:13,860 is fantastic. Just dialed that in there. So 1055 00:39:14,420 --> 00:39:16,500 any thoughts or questions or what's on your 1056 00:39:16,500 --> 00:39:18,739 what's on your mind there? Yeah. No. That's 1057 00:39:18,739 --> 00:39:20,739 important to know. So, you know, you got 1058 00:39:20,739 --> 00:39:21,640 the two quadrant 1059 00:39:21,940 --> 00:39:24,920 version in the Clean Power g two twenty. 1060 00:39:24,980 --> 00:39:26,820 And the important thing here is you're gonna 1061 00:39:26,820 --> 00:39:29,559 get beautiful. You're gonna get beautiful elimination of 1062 00:39:29,755 --> 00:39:31,534 harmonics. You're gonna have a beautiful waveform. 1063 00:39:32,074 --> 00:39:34,414 But when you make this choice, you're also 1064 00:39:34,474 --> 00:39:36,875 opting out of, regen, like you said, like 1065 00:39:36,875 --> 00:39:39,215 a hoist or a large inertia load. 1066 00:39:39,755 --> 00:39:40,815 There'll be no regenning, 1067 00:39:41,195 --> 00:39:43,289 which in some cases, you'd be choosing a 1068 00:39:43,289 --> 00:39:46,269 different VFD. That's just a different application. Right? 1069 00:39:46,410 --> 00:39:50,010 Exactly. But I think most VFD applications, at 1070 00:39:50,010 --> 00:39:51,869 least the ones I've seen over the years, 1071 00:39:52,329 --> 00:39:53,789 do not have any regen. 1072 00:39:54,090 --> 00:39:56,269 Right? They're your standard purpose, 1073 00:39:56,894 --> 00:39:59,454 even your high performance VFDs are not doing 1074 00:39:59,454 --> 00:39:59,954 regen 1075 00:40:00,414 --> 00:40:03,394 or anything any any type of regeneration capabilities. 1076 00:40:04,255 --> 00:40:06,015 So I think for most applications, that's not 1077 00:40:06,015 --> 00:40:07,375 gonna be an issue, but it's important to 1078 00:40:07,375 --> 00:40:09,369 point out. What do you think? In the 1079 00:40:09,449 --> 00:40:11,210 you know, some people we've asked questions about, 1080 00:40:11,210 --> 00:40:12,969 why didn't you just make it four quadrant? 1081 00:40:12,969 --> 00:40:14,489 Well, let me ask you, Sean. What do 1082 00:40:14,489 --> 00:40:16,889 you think's less expensive to make? A a 1083 00:40:16,889 --> 00:40:19,609 two quadrant or four quadrant version? I got 1084 00:40:19,609 --> 00:40:21,690 a feeling the four quadrant may be twice 1085 00:40:21,690 --> 00:40:22,155 as much. 1086 00:40:22,635 --> 00:40:24,155 Yeah. Well, at least that part of it. 1087 00:40:24,155 --> 00:40:25,994 Right? The front end. And when do you 1088 00:40:25,994 --> 00:40:28,394 think would, you know, take up more handle 1089 00:40:28,394 --> 00:40:30,795 space at two quadrant or four quadrant? Yeah. 1090 00:40:30,795 --> 00:40:33,835 Exactly. Exactly. Yeah. So, I mean, it's it's 1091 00:40:33,835 --> 00:40:34,815 a very targeted, 1092 00:40:35,480 --> 00:40:37,339 again, targeted at those, 1093 00:40:37,799 --> 00:40:41,339 applications that are non region load applications, which 1094 00:40:41,639 --> 00:40:44,280 Yeah. I'll I'll submit that's at least 80% 1095 00:40:44,280 --> 00:40:46,199 of them, you know, what's out there. So 1096 00:40:46,199 --> 00:40:48,059 if so, again, this 1097 00:40:48,434 --> 00:40:49,815 really just to emphasize, 1098 00:40:50,914 --> 00:40:53,474 it's it's a Vienna bridge rectifier. So, you 1099 00:40:53,474 --> 00:40:55,255 know, some uniqueness there. 1100 00:40:55,715 --> 00:40:56,775 But then really, 1101 00:40:57,155 --> 00:40:59,474 also the software side of it, you know, 1102 00:40:59,474 --> 00:40:59,974 building 1103 00:41:00,559 --> 00:41:01,059 the, 1104 00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:02,500 algorithm 1105 00:41:02,800 --> 00:41:05,300 to manage that power flow and assure 1106 00:41:05,599 --> 00:41:07,760 efficient operation is what's been done in the 1107 00:41:07,760 --> 00:41:09,460 g two twenty drive. And 1108 00:41:09,840 --> 00:41:13,039 yeah. With regards to nice looking waveforms, it's 1109 00:41:13,039 --> 00:41:15,454 a lights out, you know, the best looking 1110 00:41:15,454 --> 00:41:17,695 waveform out there. And matter of fact, I've 1111 00:41:17,695 --> 00:41:19,555 got one more slide here that 1112 00:41:20,094 --> 00:41:23,215 shows just, you know, development team took one 1113 00:41:23,215 --> 00:41:24,914 of our g two twenty products, 1114 00:41:25,535 --> 00:41:27,934 you know. So this is what's shown over 1115 00:41:27,934 --> 00:41:28,675 on the 1116 00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:31,639 left side here is just your standard our, 1117 00:41:31,639 --> 00:41:33,800 you know, waveform. You can see kind of 1118 00:41:33,800 --> 00:41:35,659 the double humped waveform there. 1119 00:41:36,039 --> 00:41:38,119 If you put a passive harmonic filter in 1120 00:41:38,119 --> 00:41:39,880 front of the g two twenty, you know, 1121 00:41:39,880 --> 00:41:42,599 waveform starts to look pretty good. But now 1122 00:41:42,599 --> 00:41:44,539 if you just use a clean power drive, 1123 00:41:44,864 --> 00:41:46,804 you get a very nice looking waveform. 1124 00:41:47,664 --> 00:41:48,405 All that 1125 00:41:48,704 --> 00:41:49,605 worrying about 1126 00:41:49,985 --> 00:41:52,385 what the effect of harmonics how they're generated 1127 00:41:52,385 --> 00:41:53,284 you don't have 1128 00:41:53,585 --> 00:41:56,144 to think about that anymore because right at 1129 00:41:56,144 --> 00:41:57,525 the input terminals 1130 00:41:57,824 --> 00:42:00,070 of the drive you know, we're giving you 1131 00:42:00,070 --> 00:42:01,130 very very low 1132 00:42:01,909 --> 00:42:03,130 turn harmonic distortion. 1133 00:42:03,429 --> 00:42:06,789 So and and also that near unity power 1134 00:42:06,789 --> 00:42:07,289 factor. 1135 00:42:07,989 --> 00:42:10,150 So that's really the advantages of the clean 1136 00:42:10,150 --> 00:42:10,969 power drive. 1137 00:42:11,375 --> 00:42:12,574 Well, and I you know, just for the 1138 00:42:12,574 --> 00:42:14,175 audio audience, I mean, we're looking at the 1139 00:42:14,175 --> 00:42:16,594 standard g two twenty, right, your standard drive. 1140 00:42:16,815 --> 00:42:19,054 You're looking at a total harmonic distortion of, 1141 00:42:19,054 --> 00:42:20,514 let's say, 33. 1142 00:42:20,815 --> 00:42:23,934 Well, you put that passive harmonic filter on, 1143 00:42:23,934 --> 00:42:26,659 that's standard drive. Now we're down to around 1144 00:42:26,659 --> 00:42:27,719 4%. Right? 1145 00:42:28,260 --> 00:42:29,699 But if you have a lot of those 1146 00:42:29,699 --> 00:42:32,039 drives, that may not be enough. Right? So 1147 00:42:32,179 --> 00:42:34,659 with the clean power g two twenty, we're 1148 00:42:34,659 --> 00:42:36,980 down to under 2%, 1.9 1149 00:42:36,980 --> 00:42:38,359 total harmonic distortion. 1150 00:42:38,744 --> 00:42:40,265 And you see that I know you guys 1151 00:42:40,265 --> 00:42:41,545 listening can't see it, but you can see 1152 00:42:41,545 --> 00:42:42,445 that in the waveforms. 1153 00:42:42,825 --> 00:42:44,505 All the viewers who are watching can see 1154 00:42:44,505 --> 00:42:45,724 the waveforms definitely 1155 00:42:46,184 --> 00:42:48,025 the improvement as you go through each of 1156 00:42:48,025 --> 00:42:48,765 these options. 1157 00:42:49,305 --> 00:42:50,905 And, again, you'll know if you need clean 1158 00:42:50,905 --> 00:42:51,965 power. Right? I'm 1159 00:42:52,585 --> 00:42:54,069 fairly sure that, you you know, if you 1160 00:42:54,069 --> 00:42:55,670 don't need clean power, you don't need it. 1161 00:42:55,670 --> 00:42:57,670 Right? But if you need it Right. And 1162 00:42:57,670 --> 00:42:59,429 and this is something that I think we'll 1163 00:42:59,429 --> 00:43:00,650 see more and more 1164 00:43:01,269 --> 00:43:03,750 because quite honestly, I mean, power fact, we 1165 00:43:03,750 --> 00:43:06,170 all know how that affects your utility bill 1166 00:43:06,309 --> 00:43:06,809 and 1167 00:43:07,109 --> 00:43:09,635 how our company thinks about that. And so 1168 00:43:09,635 --> 00:43:12,835 we can accept more stringent controls over time 1169 00:43:12,835 --> 00:43:15,474 as, yes, the systems become more advanced. You 1170 00:43:15,474 --> 00:43:16,755 know, you're gonna get dinged if you have 1171 00:43:16,755 --> 00:43:18,914 really bad power, you know, the quality of 1172 00:43:18,914 --> 00:43:21,074 the power. If you're causing problems down, you 1173 00:43:21,074 --> 00:43:22,539 know, for the rest of the block or 1174 00:43:22,539 --> 00:43:24,460 for the rest of the, business park, they're 1175 00:43:24,460 --> 00:43:26,539 gonna start tracking that. So let me turn 1176 00:43:26,539 --> 00:43:28,219 it back to you, Evan. Yep. We're kind 1177 00:43:28,219 --> 00:43:29,500 of to the end. I've got a couple 1178 00:43:29,500 --> 00:43:31,659 of slides just to summarize what we've talked 1179 00:43:31,659 --> 00:43:32,400 about here. 1180 00:43:32,779 --> 00:43:35,440 You know, the the g two twenty is, 1181 00:43:35,795 --> 00:43:37,875 a new drive for us. It's our next 1182 00:43:37,875 --> 00:43:39,494 generation SINAMICS product. 1183 00:43:40,114 --> 00:43:43,394 And really this drive was designed and built 1184 00:43:43,394 --> 00:43:44,775 on four pillars of 1185 00:43:45,555 --> 00:43:46,055 digitalization. 1186 00:43:47,155 --> 00:43:48,960 So in the form of you know, having 1187 00:43:48,960 --> 00:43:52,639 a digital twin capability to help engineers shorten 1188 00:43:52,639 --> 00:43:55,840 design and engineering efforts when sizing a drive 1189 00:43:55,840 --> 00:43:56,820 system, and then 1190 00:43:57,519 --> 00:44:00,480 tools to optimize operation once it's up and 1191 00:44:00,480 --> 00:44:03,300 running. You can see another pillar of 1192 00:44:03,855 --> 00:44:04,914 secure, meaning 1193 00:44:05,215 --> 00:44:05,715 security, 1194 00:44:06,815 --> 00:44:08,275 with regards to cybersecurity 1195 00:44:08,655 --> 00:44:11,554 and and safety that protects people from machines 1196 00:44:12,574 --> 00:44:15,295 and protects machines from people as well and 1197 00:44:15,295 --> 00:44:18,269 other sinister actors. And ease of use, you 1198 00:44:18,269 --> 00:44:20,510 know, next generation product starting with a clean 1199 00:44:20,510 --> 00:44:22,590 sheet of paper. Okay. Some things were done 1200 00:44:22,590 --> 00:44:25,010 with regards to selection, configuring, 1201 00:44:25,710 --> 00:44:26,210 commissioning, 1202 00:44:26,510 --> 00:44:27,010 training, 1203 00:44:27,630 --> 00:44:29,469 things like that with making the product as 1204 00:44:29,469 --> 00:44:30,849 easy to use as possible. 1205 00:44:31,605 --> 00:44:34,105 And then this fourth pillar of being sustainable, 1206 00:44:34,405 --> 00:44:35,625 you know optimizing 1207 00:44:36,085 --> 00:44:36,585 manufacturing 1208 00:44:36,965 --> 00:44:40,724 resources and materials used, even operational efficiency during 1209 00:44:40,724 --> 00:44:42,485 the life of the product and then even 1210 00:44:42,485 --> 00:44:44,965 considering you know the end of the product 1211 00:44:44,965 --> 00:44:47,500 life cycle. So all of those things designed 1212 00:44:47,500 --> 00:44:48,000 into 1213 00:44:48,619 --> 00:44:49,279 the Sinamics 1214 00:44:49,659 --> 00:44:52,159 G220 and then if we look again specifically 1215 00:44:52,299 --> 00:44:52,799 at 1216 00:44:53,339 --> 00:44:55,579 the advantages of the clean power drive, you 1217 00:44:55,579 --> 00:44:56,639 know that nice 1218 00:44:56,940 --> 00:44:57,440 clean 1219 00:44:58,460 --> 00:45:00,159 low low total distortion 1220 00:45:01,014 --> 00:45:04,215 that complies with the harmonic standards, near unity 1221 00:45:04,215 --> 00:45:07,175 power factor, and again, in that space saving 1222 00:45:07,175 --> 00:45:09,894 design. And just to kinda give you an 1223 00:45:09,894 --> 00:45:11,815 idea, I've I've been telling you it's small, 1224 00:45:11,815 --> 00:45:13,574 and I think I maybe let the cat 1225 00:45:13,574 --> 00:45:15,094 out of the bag at the beginning of 1226 00:45:15,094 --> 00:45:15,594 the, 1227 00:45:16,329 --> 00:45:19,050 presentation as well. Yeah. Here's here's kind of 1228 00:45:19,050 --> 00:45:21,449 a table that shows dimensions, and there's that 1229 00:45:21,449 --> 00:45:23,789 200 horsepower drive that I referenced. 1230 00:45:24,329 --> 00:45:24,829 So, 1231 00:45:25,449 --> 00:45:26,909 yeah, this this technology, 1232 00:45:27,905 --> 00:45:29,824 you know, it's not like buy the drive 1233 00:45:29,824 --> 00:45:31,744 and buy buy something else to add on 1234 00:45:31,744 --> 00:45:33,744 to it. It's all in one package. And, 1235 00:45:33,744 --> 00:45:36,005 yeah, that that 200 horsepower drive, 1236 00:45:36,464 --> 00:45:39,184 you know, 31 inches tall, less than 12 1237 00:45:39,184 --> 00:45:41,760 inches wide, and about 14 inches deep. That's 1238 00:45:41,760 --> 00:45:44,739 a 200 horsepower clean power drive that would 1239 00:45:45,119 --> 00:45:47,119 yeah. You wouldn't have to think about all 1240 00:45:47,119 --> 00:45:49,679 this harmonic stuff. And I'm not gonna put 1241 00:45:49,679 --> 00:45:52,559 up a chart that shows competitor a, b, 1242 00:45:52,559 --> 00:45:54,480 and c and and our product next to 1243 00:45:54,480 --> 00:45:56,074 it. But you can 1244 00:45:56,855 --> 00:45:58,234 take that table and go 1245 00:45:58,614 --> 00:46:00,855 find go look at other people's solutions and 1246 00:46:00,855 --> 00:46:01,594 you'll see 1247 00:46:02,135 --> 00:46:05,014 yeah. It's it's a very compact device. So 1248 00:46:05,014 --> 00:46:06,454 that's kind of the point of that slide 1249 00:46:06,454 --> 00:46:08,659 there, Sean. And, yeah, really my last slide 1250 00:46:08,659 --> 00:46:11,559 then just kind of I have drawn heavily 1251 00:46:11,859 --> 00:46:12,359 from 1252 00:46:12,819 --> 00:46:15,380 a white paper that my counterpart, Nikun Shah, 1253 00:46:15,380 --> 00:46:15,880 wrote. 1254 00:46:16,420 --> 00:46:18,260 So we'll give you a link to go 1255 00:46:18,260 --> 00:46:20,279 download that, white paper. 1256 00:46:20,585 --> 00:46:22,424 That discusses a little bit more. I've kinda 1257 00:46:22,424 --> 00:46:24,505 mentioned on and off, I triple e five 1258 00:46:24,505 --> 00:46:26,984 nineteen. That is by far the prevalent standard 1259 00:46:26,984 --> 00:46:28,284 in this country for, 1260 00:46:28,824 --> 00:46:32,924 yeah, describing what harmonics are, different medication techniques. 1261 00:46:33,349 --> 00:46:35,510 And then, you know, there's tables in there. 1262 00:46:35,510 --> 00:46:36,969 It's like, okay, if you're being 1263 00:46:37,429 --> 00:46:40,070 called to meet specification at triple eight five 1264 00:46:40,070 --> 00:46:42,469 nineteen, you know, here are the harmonic current 1265 00:46:42,469 --> 00:46:45,590 distortion levels and voltage distortion levels that that 1266 00:46:45,590 --> 00:46:46,489 you need to 1267 00:46:46,795 --> 00:46:48,715 meet. So that's all laid out in that 1268 00:46:48,715 --> 00:46:50,474 white paper. Yeah. And then we'll give you 1269 00:46:50,474 --> 00:46:51,534 a a link to 1270 00:46:52,155 --> 00:46:52,894 our website, 1271 00:46:53,434 --> 00:46:55,054 to the g two twenty catalog. 1272 00:46:55,514 --> 00:46:58,155 I have another very useful feature shown that 1273 00:46:58,155 --> 00:46:59,275 I'll give you a link to is the 1274 00:46:59,275 --> 00:47:01,775 seamless product selector where you can go and, 1275 00:47:02,070 --> 00:47:03,670 you know put in a part you know 1276 00:47:03,670 --> 00:47:05,670 very quickly pick a part number and then 1277 00:47:05,670 --> 00:47:07,989 get to some you know CAD models of 1278 00:47:07,989 --> 00:47:08,489 it. 1279 00:47:08,869 --> 00:47:11,289 And then I've mentioned that energy savings calculator 1280 00:47:11,430 --> 00:47:13,110 at all. So Sean that's kind of what 1281 00:47:13,110 --> 00:47:14,864 I had for today. I hope that was 1282 00:47:15,184 --> 00:47:16,244 interesting to you 1283 00:47:16,625 --> 00:47:18,885 and, more importantly, interesting to your audience. 1284 00:47:19,184 --> 00:47:21,184 Yeah. And I just wanna remind the audience 1285 00:47:21,184 --> 00:47:22,704 that we had you on to talk about 1286 00:47:22,704 --> 00:47:24,704 the g two twenty a while back. We 1287 00:47:24,704 --> 00:47:27,025 also had Jackie on that go through commissioning 1288 00:47:27,025 --> 00:47:29,159 the one twenty and the two twenty. So 1289 00:47:29,159 --> 00:47:30,519 if you're kinda curious, how do you do 1290 00:47:30,519 --> 00:47:32,280 that in TIA portal? Because I've never done 1291 00:47:32,280 --> 00:47:34,440 that before. So Jackie came on, and she 1292 00:47:34,440 --> 00:47:35,960 walked us through that for both of these 1293 00:47:35,960 --> 00:47:39,099 two models. We also have received some samples 1294 00:47:39,239 --> 00:47:40,059 from Siemens. 1295 00:47:40,440 --> 00:47:42,359 So we will be, trying those out them 1296 00:47:42,440 --> 00:47:43,980 ourselves here in the 1297 00:47:44,324 --> 00:47:46,085 in the studio. Don't know. Don't have a 1298 00:47:46,085 --> 00:47:47,605 date on that. We're a little backed up 1299 00:47:47,605 --> 00:47:50,085 here. But, definitely, they're right in front of 1300 00:47:50,085 --> 00:47:51,844 me every day, so I don't forget about 1301 00:47:51,844 --> 00:47:54,105 them. So we'll be doing that as well. 1302 00:47:54,244 --> 00:47:56,244 And, then we'll make those available to our 1303 00:47:56,244 --> 00:47:58,585 in person students who come to the school 1304 00:47:58,889 --> 00:48:00,969 as well as we'll add those as lessons 1305 00:48:00,969 --> 00:48:02,969 to the online course over at the automation 1306 00:48:02,969 --> 00:48:05,289 school. But so lots of stuff. We've had 1307 00:48:05,289 --> 00:48:06,809 a lot of coverage. If you have any 1308 00:48:06,809 --> 00:48:08,750 questions, check out this white paper. 1309 00:48:09,210 --> 00:48:11,210 I'm sure we just touched the surface of 1310 00:48:11,210 --> 00:48:13,614 what's in there. And, of course, Ivan and 1311 00:48:13,614 --> 00:48:15,295 all his colleagues at Siemens would love to 1312 00:48:15,295 --> 00:48:17,054 hear from you. And, Ivan, let me, pass 1313 00:48:17,054 --> 00:48:18,494 it back to you for the final word. 1314 00:48:18,494 --> 00:48:20,174 Yeah. Just thank you so much for having 1315 00:48:20,174 --> 00:48:22,014 me on, Sean. Well, I hope you enjoyed 1316 00:48:22,014 --> 00:48:23,855 that episode. I wanna thank Ivan for coming 1317 00:48:23,855 --> 00:48:25,800 on the show and giving us that very 1318 00:48:26,039 --> 00:48:28,280 technical presentation, which I totally enjoyed. I hope 1319 00:48:28,280 --> 00:48:30,519 you guys did too. Also wanna thank Siemens 1320 00:48:30,519 --> 00:48:32,599 for sponsoring this episode because you guys know 1321 00:48:32,599 --> 00:48:34,679 I love to really stem completely ad free 1322 00:48:34,679 --> 00:48:36,699 and available to the entire public. 1323 00:48:37,160 --> 00:48:39,239 So with that said, I also wanna thank 1324 00:48:39,239 --> 00:48:40,920 you for tuning back in this week. If 1325 00:48:40,920 --> 00:48:42,315 you think about it, please give me a 1326 00:48:42,315 --> 00:48:43,755 thumbs up or a like or a five 1327 00:48:43,755 --> 00:48:45,994 star review. That is the best way for 1328 00:48:45,994 --> 00:48:47,434 me to find new vendors to come on 1329 00:48:47,434 --> 00:48:48,094 the show. 1330 00:48:48,554 --> 00:48:50,875 And with the exception of Thanksgiving week, we 1331 00:48:50,875 --> 00:48:52,554 should have a show every week up until 1332 00:48:52,554 --> 00:48:54,239 the last two weeks of the year, and 1333 00:48:54,239 --> 00:48:57,039 we are already recording shows for next year. 1334 00:48:57,039 --> 00:48:58,559 So I'm excited about that. If you know 1335 00:48:58,559 --> 00:49:00,079 any vendors you think we should be on 1336 00:49:00,079 --> 00:49:02,079 the show, please reach out to them. I'm 1337 00:49:02,079 --> 00:49:04,179 working on a new media guide as well, 1338 00:49:04,639 --> 00:49:06,480 and so, we'd love to have them on 1339 00:49:06,480 --> 00:49:07,139 the show 1340 00:49:07,440 --> 00:49:09,860 this coming year of 2026. 1341 00:49:10,055 --> 00:49:11,735 So with that said, I just wanna wish 1342 00:49:11,735 --> 00:49:12,474 you all 1343 00:49:12,775 --> 00:49:13,914 good health and happiness. 1344 00:49:14,215 --> 00:49:15,835 And until next time, my friends, 1345 00:49:16,535 --> 00:49:17,035 peace.