Bienvenidos al Medical Spanish Podcast. Soy la doctora Molly Martin.
Through this podcast, we provide interactive audio lessons
for learning practical Spanish for healthcare and elsewhere.
The level of this lesson is intermediate and timestamps are
provided in your show notes. The lessons offered at docmolly.com
are solely for learning Spanish. They are not intended to teach medicine
or provide medical advice.
¡Hola a todos! Today, I have another lesson from the ROS module
in our History and Exam course. I am updating all these lessons with
the help of Luis Ameida de Venezuela. If you'd like to sign
up for our course covering a complete history and exam in
Spanish, there's a link in your show notes. I hope you find
these lessons helpful. In today's lesson, we are going to
practice a gastrointestinal review of systems in Spanish.
So you know what that means. We're going to have to talk about poop.
So if you're eating, consider yourself forewarned. Check out
your show notes for a related lesson that I did with Hector y
Beto de "No Hay Tos," called the Shit Show. ¿Listos? Empecemos.
Síntomas
Stomach pain
El dolor de estómago
Cramps, as in intestinal cramps. (And there's more than one option.)
Los retorcijones
Los retortijones
Los cólicos
And for what it's worth, Elisa, my Spanish teacher from
Guatemala, preferred...
Retorcijones
Whereas Gloria, from Mexico, preferred...
Retortijones
And they both liked...
Cólicos
Cólicos is also commonly used to refer to menstrual cramps.
Vomiting
Los vómitos
Diarrhea
La diarrea
Constipation
El estreñimiento
Indigestion
La indigestión
Nausea
Las náuseas
Morning sickness (And there's more than one option.)
Las náuseas de embarazo
Las náuseas matutinas
Heartburn (And there's more than one option.)
Las agruras
La acidez
Gastric reflux
El reflujo gástrico
Ulcer
La úlcera
Peptic ulcer
La úlcera péptica
Gastric ulcer
La úlcera gástrica
Duodenal ulcer
La úlcera duodenal
Stool or bowel movement
Now, there are several ways to say this, so... Repite después de Luis.
Las heces
El excremento
El popó
La popó
So POPÓ can be either masculine or feminine.
Now, POPÓ is definitely the most casual, but I think it's also the one most
easily understood. And you will hear medical professionals use
POPÓ to refer to a bowel movement or stool. I also recall
that when I was in Bolivia, the obstetrician would refer to the
baby's poop as CACA. This is less common, especially amongst
medical professionals, and be aware the word can be vulgar,
but in the right context, it simply means poop. And although
HECES is one that is commonly used among medical professionals,
your patients may not be as familiar with this term. For
example, the other day, I was talking to one of my patients
from Mexico, and they kept referring to their stool as
HACES, and I had to ask them ¿HECES? And they're like,
Oh sí, HECES. So this is just an example of how they may not be
as familiar with that word, but they'll usually understand it.
Now, using POPÓ, How would you say, dark red-colored stool?
El popó de color rojo oscuro
La popó de color rojo oscuro
And for the rest of the examples when describing the color, we'll
use DE COLOR _____. Now using HECES, how would you say?
Black stool
Las heces de color negro
Now, using EXCREMENTO, how would you say clay-colored stool?
El excremento de color arcilla
And Gloria, my Spanish teacher from Mexico, recommended,
instead of using ARCILLA to say clay to use gray-colored stool.
So using LA POPÓ, how would you say gray-colored stool?
La popó de color gris
Hemorrhoids (And there's more than one option)
Las hemorroides
Las almorranas
Utilizando HECES: Blood in the stool
La sangre en las heces
Jaundice
La ictericia
And since most patients won't understand this, we will
practice using "yellow skin."
La piel amarilla
later on in the lesson.
Dark urine
La orina oscura
And we're talking about jaundice or yellow skin and dark urine
during a gastrointestinal review of systems, because when there
is liver disease and the bilirubin goes up, it makes the
skin yellow and the urine dark. This can also occur in
gallbladder disease when there's a stone in the bile duct.
In this case, the lack of bile excreted into the intestine
makes the stool clay-colored or grey.
Now we're going to go over some colloquial terms that patients
may use to refer to their stomach and intestines. If you
would like to review external and internal anatomy in Spanish,
Check out the links in your show notes. First, let's review a
variety of ways to say BELLY, as patients will often refer to
their abdomen as "belly." Repite después de Luis.
La barriga
La panza
And when speaking to children, it's common to refer to their belly as...
La pancita
And you may hear a patient refer to themselves as "potbellied."
How would you say this in Spanish? Potbellied
Barrigón
Or for a woman, BARRIGONA.
And to describe someone as potbellied in Mexico,
it's most common to use...
Panzón
Panzona
And you may hear a woman who is pregnant refer to themselves as
PANZONA. Now, we just practice using the adjectives. BARRIGÓN,
BARRIGONA, PANZÓN, PANZONA. But the masculine form. BARRIGÓN,
AND PANZÓN, can also be used as a noun to refer to someone's
paunch or potbelly. Por ejemplo,
Después de tomar tanta cerveza, tiene un panzón.
Now, how would you refer to a woman's pregnant belly or womb?
El vientre
And finally, you may also hear the following to refer to one's belly.
La tripa
And both the singular and the plural form,
Las tripas
May be used to refer to one's intestines or guts.
Now, let's practice asking about symptoms of the upper GI tract.
Tracto gastrointestinal superior
All the vocabulary we just reviewed can be used in
questions with the verb TENER. For example,
Do you see stomach pain?
¿Tiene dolor de estómago?
Are you vomiting?
¿Tiene vómitos?
This question can also mean: Have you been vomiting?
¿Tiene vómitos?
Using the verb TENER, how would you ask?
Are you nauseous?
¿Tiene náuseas?
How about: Do you feel nauseous?
¿Siente náuseas?
You can also use the adjective MAREADO/A to describe the
sensation of feeling sick to one's stomach or queasy.
Addressing a woman, how would you ask?
Are you sick to your stomach?
¿Está mareada?
And note we also use this adjective MAREADO/A to say DIZZY.
How would you ask a pregnant woman?
Do you have morning sickness?
¿Tiene náuseas de embarazo?
¿Tiene náuseas matutinas?
Now let's ask about heartburn and swallowing.
Acidez estomacal y deglución
How would you ask?
Do you have heartburn?
¿Tiene agruras?
¿Tiene acidez?
The Spanish word meaning TO BELCH is very similar to the
medical word.
Eructar
Interpreta: Do you belch a lot after eating?
¿Eructa mucho después de comer?
At least among patients from Mexico, they may also use the verb:
Repetir
TO REPEAT, to express belching.
Utilizando REPETIR, interpreta:
Do you belch a lot after eating?
Repite mucho después de comer.
And a child may ask: ¿Se echa sapos?
Literally, "Do you throw toads." And note how you use the
pronominal form of the verb, ECHARSE. We'll see this again
when we talk about farting.
Now, using the verb TRAGAR, interpreta:
Do you have difficulty swallowing?
¿Tiene dificultad para tragar?
Does it hurt to swallow?
¿Le duele al tragar?
And when speaking of swallowing, you'll also hear your patients
use the verb PASAR. Utilizando PASAR, interpreta:
Do you have difficulty swallowing?
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar?
And if you're already talking about gastrointestinal concerns,
they'll likely understand this. But you could also make it more
specific and use the word for saliva, SALIVA.
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar saliva?
Do you have difficulty swallowing liquids?
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar líquidos?
¿Do you have difficulty swallowing food?
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar comida?
Does it hurt to swallow?
¿Le duele al pasar?
Now, there are two ways you may hear your patient say that
something gets stuck when they swallow. Repite después de Luis:
To get stuck
Atorarse
Quedarse atorado / atorada
So depending on whether you're describing a masculine or
feminine noun, you'll use either QUEDARSE ATORADO, or QUEDARSE
ATORADA.
Now, using QUEDARSE ATORADA interpreta:
Do you feel food gets stuck in your throat or your esophagus?
¿Siente que la comida se le queda atorada en la garganta o en el esófago?
And here LE refers to the patient. This is an example of
using the ACCIDENTAL SE to express an action you have no
control over.
¿Siente que la comida se le queda atorada en la garganta o en el esófago?
Using ATORARSE, interpreta:
Do you feel food gets stuck in your throat or your esophagus?
¿Siente que la comida se le atora en la garganta o en el esófago?
Using QUEDARSE ATORADA, interpreta:
Point to where you feel the food gets stuck.
Señale donde siente que se queda atorada la comida.
Using ATORARSE, interpreta:
Point to where you feel the food gets stuck.
Señale donde siente que se atora la comida.
And if you answered: "donde se LE queda atorada," and "donde se LE atora"
That is correct as well! The LE here is optional.
To choke
Ahogarse
AHOGARSE can also mean TO DROWN or TO SUFFOCATE. But here we'll
use it to say TO CHOKE.
Ahogarse
Interpreta: Do you feel you choke on food?
¿Siente que se ahoga con la comida?
Do you feel you choke on liquids?
¿Siente que se ahoga con los líquidos?
In addition to AHOGARSE, you will also hear patients use the verb we just
practiced, ATORARSE, to say TO CHOKE.
Using ATORARSE, interpreta:
Do you feel you choke on food?
¿Siente que se atora con la comida?
Do you feel you choke on liquids?
¿Siente que se atora con los líquidos?
Now let's ask about symptoms of the lower GI tract.
Tracto gastrointestinal inferior
First, we'll ask about bowel movements...
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