1
00:00:07,630 --> 00:00:13,399
Bienvenidos al Medical Spanish
Podcast. Soy la doctora Molly Martin.

2
00:00:13,399 --> 00:00:17,359
Through this podcast, we
provide interactive audio lessons

3
00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:21,289
for learning practical Spanish
for healthcare and elsewhere.

4
00:00:21,289 --> 00:00:29,884


5
00:00:29,885 --> 00:00:33,125
The level of this lesson is
intermediate and timestamps are

6
00:00:33,125 --> 00:00:36,885
provided in your show notes. The
lessons offered at docmolly.com

7
00:00:36,885 --> 00:00:39,825
are solely for learning Spanish. They
are not intended to teach medicine

8
00:00:39,826 --> 00:00:41,372
or provide medical advice. 

9
00:00:41,372 --> 00:00:46,395
¡Hola a todos! Today, I have another lesson from the ROS module 

10
00:00:46,396 --> 00:00:51,128
in our History and Exam course. I am
updating all these lessons with

11
00:00:51,128 --> 00:00:55,391
the help of Luis Ameida de
Venezuela. If you'd like to sign

12
00:00:55,391 --> 00:00:58,451
up for our course covering a
complete history and exam in

13
00:00:58,451 --> 00:01:02,111
Spanish, there's a link in your
show notes. I hope you find

14
00:01:02,111 --> 00:01:06,324
these lessons helpful. In
today's lesson, we are going to

15
00:01:06,324 --> 00:01:09,754
practice a gastrointestinal
review of systems in Spanish. 

16
00:01:09,754 --> 00:01:14,244
So you know what that means. We're
going to have to talk about poop.

17
00:01:14,244 --> 00:01:18,760
So if you're eating, consider
yourself forewarned. Check out

18
00:01:18,760 --> 00:01:22,000
your show notes for a related
lesson that I did with Hector y

19
00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:29,068
Beto de "No Hay Tos," called the
Shit Show. ¿Listos? Empecemos.

20
00:01:29,068 --> 00:01:31,527


21
00:01:31,528 --> 00:01:33,987
Síntomas

22
00:01:33,988 --> 00:01:38,883
Stomach pain

23
00:01:38,883 --> 00:01:44,676
El dolor de estómago

24
00:01:44,676 --> 00:01:54,252
Cramps, as in intestinal cramps.
(And there's more than one option.)

25
00:01:54,252 --> 00:02:00,510
Los retorcijones

26
00:02:00,510 --> 00:02:06,530
Los retortijones

27
00:02:06,530 --> 00:02:10,145
Los cólicos

28
00:02:10,145 --> 00:02:13,235
And for what it's worth, Elisa,
my Spanish teacher from

29
00:02:13,235 --> 00:02:15,542
Guatemala, preferred...

30
00:02:15,542 --> 00:02:18,505
Retorcijones

31
00:02:18,505 --> 00:02:21,937
Whereas Gloria, from Mexico,
preferred...

32
00:02:21,937 --> 00:02:24,801
Retortijones

33
00:02:24,802 --> 00:02:26,262
And they both liked...

34
00:02:26,262 --> 00:02:27,949
Cólicos

35
00:02:27,949 --> 00:02:32,841
Cólicos is also commonly used
to refer to menstrual cramps.

36
00:02:32,842 --> 00:02:37,062
Vomiting

37
00:02:37,062 --> 00:02:40,626
Los vómitos

38
00:02:40,626 --> 00:02:44,635
Diarrhea

39
00:02:44,635 --> 00:02:48,145
La diarrea

40
00:02:48,145 --> 00:02:53,102
Constipation

41
00:02:53,103 --> 00:02:57,721
El estreñimiento

42
00:02:57,721 --> 00:03:02,322
Indigestion

43
00:03:02,322 --> 00:03:07,502
La indigestión

44
00:03:07,502 --> 00:03:11,603
Nausea

45
00:03:11,603 --> 00:03:16,313
Las náuseas

46
00:03:16,313 --> 00:03:24,044
Morning sickness (And there's
more than one option.)

47
00:03:24,044 --> 00:03:30,719
Las náuseas de embarazo

48
00:03:30,719 --> 00:03:36,075
Las náuseas matutinas

49
00:03:36,075 --> 00:03:41,469
Heartburn (And there's more than
one option.)

50
00:03:41,469 --> 00:03:45,866
Las agruras

51
00:03:45,866 --> 00:03:49,478
La acidez

52
00:03:49,478 --> 00:03:54,683
Gastric reflux

53
00:03:54,683 --> 00:03:59,841
El reflujo gástrico

54
00:03:59,841 --> 00:04:03,723
Ulcer

55
00:04:03,723 --> 00:04:06,962
La úlcera

56
00:04:06,962 --> 00:04:11,069
Peptic ulcer

57
00:04:11,069 --> 00:04:15,859
La úlcera péptica

58
00:04:15,859 --> 00:04:20,652
Gastric ulcer

59
00:04:20,652 --> 00:04:24,873
La úlcera gástrica

60
00:04:24,873 --> 00:04:30,303
Duodenal ulcer

61
00:04:30,303 --> 00:04:34,674
La úlcera duodenal

62
00:04:34,675 --> 00:04:36,205
Stool or bowel movement

63
00:04:36,205 --> 00:04:41,675
Now, there are several ways to say
this, so... Repite después de Luis.

64
00:04:41,675 --> 00:04:45,305
Las heces

65
00:04:45,305 --> 00:04:49,761
El excremento

66
00:04:49,761 --> 00:04:52,046
El popó

67
00:04:52,046 --> 00:04:54,153
La popó

68
00:04:54,153 --> 00:04:59,127
So POPÓ can be either masculine
or feminine.  

69
00:04:59,127 --> 00:05:03,804
Now, POPÓ is definitely the most casual, but I think it's also the one most

70
00:05:03,805 --> 00:05:07,945
easily understood. And you will
hear medical professionals use

71
00:05:07,945 --> 00:05:13,048
POPÓ to refer to a bowel
movement or stool. I also recall

72
00:05:13,048 --> 00:05:16,378
that when I was in Bolivia, the
obstetrician would refer to the

73
00:05:16,378 --> 00:05:21,411
baby's poop as CACA. This is
less common, especially amongst

74
00:05:21,411 --> 00:05:25,221
medical professionals, and be
aware the word can be vulgar,

75
00:05:25,222 --> 00:05:29,485
but in the right context, it
simply means poop. And although

76
00:05:29,485 --> 00:05:33,485
HECES is one that is commonly
used among medical professionals,

77
00:05:33,485 --> 00:05:36,785
your patients may not be as
familiar with this term. For

78
00:05:36,785 --> 00:05:39,455
example, the other day, I was
talking to one of my patients

79
00:05:39,455 --> 00:05:42,274
from Mexico, and they kept
referring to their stool as

80
00:05:42,274 --> 00:05:46,020
HACES, and I had to ask them
¿HECES? And they're like, 

81
00:05:46,021 --> 00:05:50,854
Oh sí, HECES. So this is just an
example of how they may not be

82
00:05:50,855 --> 00:05:55,184
as familiar with that word, but
they'll usually understand it.

83
00:05:55,184 --> 00:06:03,996
Now, using POPÓ, How would you
say, dark red-colored stool?

84
00:06:03,996 --> 00:06:08,586
El popó de color rojo oscuro

85
00:06:08,586 --> 00:06:14,692
La popó de color rojo oscuro

86
00:06:14,692 --> 00:06:17,932
And for the rest of the examples
when describing the color, we'll

87
00:06:17,932 --> 00:06:24,686
use DE COLOR _____. Now using
HECES, how would you say?

88
00:06:24,686 --> 00:06:33,909
Black stool

89
00:06:33,910 --> 00:06:39,840
Las heces de color negro

90
00:06:39,840 --> 00:06:50,538
Now, using EXCREMENTO, how would
you say clay-colored stool?

91
00:06:50,538 --> 00:06:56,877
El excremento de color arcilla

92
00:06:56,877 --> 00:07:00,057
And Gloria, my Spanish teacher
from Mexico, recommended,

93
00:07:00,057 --> 00:07:05,967
instead of using ARCILLA to say
clay to use gray-colored stool.

94
00:07:05,967 --> 00:07:15,585
So using LA POPÓ, how would you
say gray-colored stool?

95
00:07:15,585 --> 00:07:20,603
La popó de color gris

96
00:07:20,603 --> 00:07:26,138
Hemorrhoids (And there's more
than one option)

97
00:07:26,138 --> 00:07:30,544
Las hemorroides

98
00:07:30,544 --> 00:07:35,226
Las almorranas

99
00:07:35,226 --> 00:07:43,102
Utilizando HECES: Blood in the
stool

100
00:07:43,102 --> 00:07:48,904
La sangre en las heces

101
00:07:48,904 --> 00:07:54,123
Jaundice

102
00:07:54,123 --> 00:07:58,714
La ictericia

103
00:07:58,714 --> 00:08:01,804
And since most patients won't
understand this, we will

104
00:08:01,804 --> 00:08:05,204
practice using "yellow skin."

105
00:08:05,204 --> 00:08:07,093
La piel amarilla

106
00:08:07,093 --> 00:08:10,864
later on in the lesson.

107
00:08:10,864 --> 00:08:16,240
Dark urine

108
00:08:16,240 --> 00:08:20,012
La orina oscura

109
00:08:20,012 --> 00:08:23,942
And we're talking about jaundice
or yellow skin and dark urine

110
00:08:23,942 --> 00:08:27,332
during a gastrointestinal review
of systems, because when there

111
00:08:27,332 --> 00:08:31,082
is liver disease and the
bilirubin goes up, it makes the

112
00:08:31,082 --> 00:08:35,923
skin yellow and the urine dark.
This can also occur in

113
00:08:35,923 --> 00:08:39,828
gallbladder disease when there's
a stone in the bile duct. 

114
00:08:39,828 --> 00:08:43,848
In this case, the lack of bile
excreted into the intestine

115
00:08:43,849 --> 00:08:47,793
makes the stool clay-colored or
grey.

116
00:08:47,793 --> 00:08:51,003
Now we're going to go over some
colloquial terms that patients

117
00:08:51,003 --> 00:08:55,307
may use to refer to their
stomach and intestines. If you

118
00:08:55,307 --> 00:08:59,232
would like to review external
and internal anatomy in Spanish,

119
00:08:59,232 --> 00:09:04,312
Check out the links in your
show notes. First, let's review a

120
00:09:04,312 --> 00:09:07,972
variety of ways to say BELLY, as
patients will often refer to

121
00:09:07,972 --> 00:09:14,285
their abdomen as "belly." Repite
después de Luis.

122
00:09:14,285 --> 00:09:18,791
La barriga

123
00:09:18,791 --> 00:09:22,695
La panza

124
00:09:22,695 --> 00:09:27,785
And when speaking to children,
it's common to refer to their belly as...

125
00:09:27,785 --> 00:09:32,408
La pancita

126
00:09:32,408 --> 00:09:37,014
And you may hear a patient refer
to themselves as "potbellied."

127
00:09:37,014 --> 00:09:43,854
How would you say this in Spanish? Potbellied

128
00:09:43,854 --> 00:09:45,924
Barrigón

129
00:09:45,924 --> 00:09:49,807
Or for a woman, BARRIGONA.

130
00:09:49,808 --> 00:09:52,977
And to describe someone as
potbellied in Mexico, 

131
00:09:52,978 --> 00:09:56,147
it's most common to use...

132
00:09:56,148 --> 00:09:57,770
Panzón

133
00:09:57,770 --> 00:10:02,232
Panzona

134
00:10:02,232 --> 00:10:05,712
And you may hear a woman who is
pregnant refer to themselves as

135
00:10:05,712 --> 00:10:11,987
PANZONA. Now, we just practice
using the adjectives. BARRIGÓN,

136
00:10:11,987 --> 00:10:17,267
BARRIGONA, PANZÓN, PANZONA. But
the masculine form. BARRIGÓN,

137
00:10:17,267 --> 00:10:21,581
AND PANZÓN, can also be used as
a noun to refer to someone's

138
00:10:21,581 --> 00:10:24,512
paunch or potbelly. Por ejemplo,

139
00:10:24,512 --> 00:10:30,078
Después de tomar tanta cerveza,
tiene un panzón.

140
00:10:30,078 --> 00:10:37,559
Now, how would you refer to a
woman's pregnant belly or womb?

141
00:10:37,559 --> 00:10:40,402
El vientre

142
00:10:40,402 --> 00:10:45,886
And finally, you may also hear
the following to refer to one's belly.

143
00:10:45,886 --> 00:10:49,500
La tripa

144
00:10:49,501 --> 00:10:52,801
And both the singular and the
plural form,

145
00:10:52,801 --> 00:10:55,573
Las tripas

146
00:10:55,573 --> 00:11:01,434
May be used to refer to one's
intestines or guts.

147
00:11:01,434 --> 00:11:06,387
Now, let's practice asking about
symptoms of the upper GI tract.

148
00:11:06,388 --> 00:11:11,083
Tracto gastrointestinal superior

149
00:11:11,083 --> 00:11:14,113
All the vocabulary we just
reviewed can be used in

150
00:11:14,113 --> 00:11:17,250
questions with the verb TENER.
For example, 

151
00:11:17,250 --> 00:11:23,898
Do you see stomach pain?

152
00:11:23,899 --> 00:11:29,297
¿Tiene dolor de estómago?

153
00:11:29,297 --> 00:11:34,331
Are you vomiting?

154
00:11:34,331 --> 00:11:38,328
¿Tiene vómitos?

155
00:11:38,328 --> 00:11:42,923
This question can also mean: Have
you been vomiting?

156
00:11:42,924 --> 00:11:47,056
¿Tiene vómitos?

157
00:11:47,056 --> 00:11:51,151
Using the verb TENER, how would
you ask? 

158
00:11:51,151 --> 00:11:56,246
Are you nauseous?

159
00:11:56,246 --> 00:12:00,323
¿Tiene náuseas?

160
00:12:00,323 --> 00:12:06,426
How about: Do you feel nauseous?

161
00:12:06,426 --> 00:12:11,312
¿Siente náuseas?

162
00:12:11,312 --> 00:12:16,202
You can also use the adjective
MAREADO/A to describe the

163
00:12:16,202 --> 00:12:20,510
sensation of feeling sick to
one's stomach or queasy.

164
00:12:20,510 --> 00:12:22,547
Addressing a woman, how would
you ask? 

165
00:12:22,547 --> 00:12:28,246
Are you sick to your stomach?

166
00:12:28,247 --> 00:12:32,058
¿Está mareada?

167
00:12:32,058 --> 00:12:38,400
And note we also use this
adjective MAREADO/A to say DIZZY.

168
00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:40,370
How would you ask a pregnant
woman? 

169
00:12:40,370 --> 00:12:47,745
Do you have morning sickness?

170
00:12:47,745 --> 00:12:53,278
¿Tiene náuseas de embarazo?

171
00:12:53,278 --> 00:12:58,823
¿Tiene náuseas matutinas?

172
00:12:58,823 --> 00:13:02,438
Now let's ask about heartburn
and swallowing.

173
00:13:02,439 --> 00:13:09,106
Acidez estomacal y deglución

174
00:13:09,106 --> 00:13:10,516
How would you ask? 

175
00:13:10,516 --> 00:13:15,570
Do you have heartburn?

176
00:13:15,571 --> 00:13:21,923
¿Tiene agruras?

177
00:13:21,924 --> 00:13:26,901
¿Tiene acidez?

178
00:13:26,901 --> 00:13:30,441
The Spanish word meaning TO
BELCH is very similar to the

179
00:13:30,441 --> 00:13:32,164
medical word.

180
00:13:32,164 --> 00:13:39,996
Eructar

181
00:13:39,996 --> 00:13:48,934
Interpreta: Do you belch a lot
after eating?

182
00:13:48,934 --> 00:13:55,295
¿Eructa mucho después de comer?

183
00:13:55,295 --> 00:13:59,762
At least among patients from Mexico,
they may also use the verb: 

184
00:13:59,762 --> 00:14:01,514
Repetir

185
00:14:01,514 --> 00:14:04,947
TO REPEAT, to express belching.

186
00:14:04,947 --> 00:14:09,184
Utilizando REPETIR, interpreta: 

187
00:14:09,184 --> 00:14:17,484
Do you belch a lot after eating?

188
00:14:17,485 --> 00:14:23,217
Repite mucho después de comer.

189
00:14:23,217 --> 00:14:30,109
And a child may ask:
¿Se echa sapos?

190
00:14:30,109 --> 00:14:34,309
Literally, "Do you throw toads."
And note how you use the

191
00:14:34,309 --> 00:14:38,569
pronominal form of the verb,
ECHARSE. We'll see this again

192
00:14:38,569 --> 00:14:41,627
when we talk about farting.

193
00:14:41,627 --> 00:14:46,674
Now, using the verb TRAGAR, interpreta:

194
00:14:46,674 --> 00:14:54,051
Do you have difficulty swallowing?

195
00:14:54,052 --> 00:15:00,788
¿Tiene dificultad para tragar?

196
00:15:00,788 --> 00:15:07,288
Does it hurt to swallow?

197
00:15:07,288 --> 00:15:11,582
¿Le duele al tragar?

198
00:15:11,582 --> 00:15:14,672
And when speaking of swallowing,
you'll also hear your patients

199
00:15:14,672 --> 00:15:21,115
use the verb PASAR. Utilizando
PASAR, interpreta: 

200
00:15:21,115 --> 00:15:27,774
Do you have difficulty swallowing?

201
00:15:27,775 --> 00:15:30,903
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar?

202
00:15:30,903 --> 00:15:34,053
And if you're already talking
about gastrointestinal concerns,

203
00:15:34,053 --> 00:15:37,113
they'll likely understand this.
But you could also make it more

204
00:15:37,113 --> 00:15:41,959
specific and use the word for
saliva, SALIVA.

205
00:15:41,959 --> 00:15:48,290
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar
saliva?

206
00:15:48,290 --> 00:15:54,862
Do you have difficulty swallowing liquids?

207
00:15:54,862 --> 00:16:00,896
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar líquidos?

208
00:16:00,896 --> 00:16:07,082
¿Do you have difficulty swallowing food?

209
00:16:07,082 --> 00:16:12,807
¿Tiene dificultad para pasar comida?

210
00:16:12,807 --> 00:16:18,786
Does it hurt to swallow?

211
00:16:18,786 --> 00:16:22,122
¿Le duele al pasar?

212
00:16:22,122 --> 00:16:25,482
Now, there are two ways you may
hear your patient say that

213
00:16:25,482 --> 00:16:30,352
something gets stuck when they
swallow. Repite después de Luis:

214
00:16:30,352 --> 00:16:32,466
To get stuck

215
00:16:32,466 --> 00:16:37,871
Atorarse

216
00:16:37,871 --> 00:16:44,102
Quedarse atorado / atorada

217
00:16:44,103 --> 00:16:47,763
So depending on whether you're
describing a masculine or

218
00:16:47,763 --> 00:16:54,063
feminine noun, you'll use either
QUEDARSE ATORADO, or QUEDARSE

219
00:16:54,063 --> 00:16:56,403
ATORADA.

220
00:16:56,403 --> 00:17:01,764
Now, using QUEDARSE ATORADA
interpreta: 

221
00:17:01,764 --> 00:17:17,693
Do you feel food gets stuck in your throat or your esophagus?

222
00:17:17,694 --> 00:17:23,300
¿Siente que la comida se le queda
atorada en la garganta o en el esófago?

223
00:17:23,300 --> 00:17:27,516
And here LE refers to the
patient. This is an example of

224
00:17:27,516 --> 00:17:31,326
using the ACCIDENTAL SE to
express an action you have no

225
00:17:31,326 --> 00:17:33,934
control over.

226
00:17:33,934 --> 00:17:41,659
¿Siente que la comida se le queda
atorada en la garganta o en el esófago?

227
00:17:41,659 --> 00:17:45,392
Using ATORARSE, interpreta: 

228
00:17:45,392 --> 00:18:01,222
Do you feel food gets stuck in your
throat or your esophagus?

229
00:18:01,222 --> 00:18:07,858
¿Siente que la comida se le atora
en la garganta o en el esófago?

230
00:18:07,858 --> 00:18:12,793
Using QUEDARSE ATORADA, interpreta:

231
00:18:12,793 --> 00:18:26,004
Point to where you feel the food
gets stuck.

232
00:18:26,005 --> 00:18:32,534
Señale donde siente que se
queda atorada la comida.

233
00:18:32,534 --> 00:18:35,957
Using ATORARSE, interpreta:

234
00:18:35,957 --> 00:18:50,636
Point to where you feel the food
gets stuck.

235
00:18:50,637 --> 00:18:57,230
Señale donde siente que se
atora la comida.

236
00:18:57,230 --> 00:19:03,810
And if you answered: "donde se LE 
queda atorada," and "donde se LE atora"

237
00:19:03,810 --> 00:19:09,734
That is correct as well! The LE here is optional. 

238
00:19:09,734 --> 00:19:13,854
To choke

239
00:19:13,855 --> 00:19:15,715
Ahogarse

240
00:19:15,715 --> 00:19:21,505
AHOGARSE can also mean TO DROWN or TO SUFFOCATE. But here we'll

241
00:19:21,506 --> 00:19:24,255
use it to say TO CHOKE.

242
00:19:24,255 --> 00:19:26,330
Ahogarse

243
00:19:26,330 --> 00:19:39,619
Interpreta: Do you feel you
choke on food?

244
00:19:39,619 --> 00:19:44,169
¿Siente que se ahoga con la
comida?

245
00:19:44,169 --> 00:19:53,122
Do you feel you choke on liquids?

246
00:19:53,122 --> 00:19:59,182
¿Siente que se ahoga con los líquidos?

247
00:19:59,182 --> 00:20:05,946
In addition to AHOGARSE, you will also hear patients use the verb we just

248
00:20:05,946 --> 00:20:09,614
practiced, ATORARSE, to say TO CHOKE. 

249
00:20:09,614 --> 00:20:13,532
Using ATORARSE, interpreta:

250
00:20:13,533 --> 00:20:24,620
Do you feel you choke on food?

251
00:20:24,621 --> 00:20:29,453
¿Siente que se atora con la comida?

252
00:20:29,453 --> 00:20:37,940
Do you feel you choke on liquids?

253
00:20:37,940 --> 00:20:44,499
¿Siente que se atora con los líquidos?

254
00:20:44,499 --> 00:20:48,147
Now let's ask about symptoms of the lower GI tract.

255
00:20:48,147 --> 00:20:51,894
Tracto gastrointestinal inferior

256
00:20:51,894 --> 00:20:56,814
First, we'll ask about
bowel movements... 

257
00:20:56,814 --> 00:21:04,174
In the next member lesson, we'll complete our ROS in Spanish. 

258
00:21:04,175 --> 00:21:07,474
To learn more with us and
support the podcast, click the

259
00:21:07,474 --> 00:21:10,474
link in your show notes to
become a member and access all

260
00:21:10,474 --> 00:21:13,050
our lessons and courses at
docmolly.com. 

261
00:21:13,051 --> 00:21:17,981
Members get access to our Premium Medical Spanish Podcast feed and to our

262
00:21:17,981 --> 00:21:22,211
collection of over 400 medical
Spanish lessons with full lesson

263
00:21:22,211 --> 00:21:26,759
notes, and downloadable PDFs.
Members at docmolly.com also

264
00:21:26,759 --> 00:21:29,999
get access to our courses, which
provide an organized curriculum

265
00:21:29,999 --> 00:21:33,209
where you can track your
progress and use Quizlet sets to

266
00:21:33,209 --> 00:21:37,715
reinforce what you learn. Or if
you just want to hear the latest

267
00:21:37,715 --> 00:21:40,655
three months of member lessons,
you can subscribe through Apple

268
00:21:40,655 --> 00:21:45,675
Podcasts. You may have noticed I
don't run ads on the podcast or

269
00:21:45,675 --> 00:21:49,890
at docmolly.com. I want to keep us
focused on learning medical

270
00:21:49,890 --> 00:21:54,157
Spanish. Therefore, I rely on
member support to keep this

271
00:21:54,157 --> 00:21:57,549
project going. If you're not a
member yet, and you find this

272
00:21:57,549 --> 00:22:01,435
podcast helpful, please consider
becoming a member. Gracias de

273
00:22:01,435 --> 00:22:05,563
Gracias todo corazón y hasta la
próxima.