The level of this lesson is advanced.
And timestamps are provided in your show notes.
The lessons offered at docmolly.com are solely for learning Spanish.
They are not intended to teach medicine or provide medical advice.
Since time is of the essence when considering thrombolytics
for emergency stroke treatment, I thought it would be helpful to review
questions and phrases regarding their contraindications.
To assemble this lesson, I used a list of contraindications in the
stroke chapter of my favorite medical education resource MKSAP 19.
There's a link in your show notes. Now, there is a lot to cover.
Therefore, we will do it in two lessons. In this free lesson, we
will cover Spanish for the following contraindications to thrombolytic
therapy: As I say, each contraindication. Think about how
you would say it in Spanish.
greater than 4.5 hours since symptom onset,
recent head trauma or stroke,
evidence of bleeding,
increased risk of bleeding or bleeding diathesis,
elevated blood pressure (>185/110)
and low blood sugar (<50)
In the upcoming member lesson, we will complete our review of
Spanish for discussing contraindications to thrombolytics.
We will cover intracranial lesions,
recent major surgery or trauma,
a noncompressible arterial puncture site,
recent brain or spine surgery,
seizure at the onset of symptoms,
pregnancy and recent heart attack.
And as you may have noticed, some of
these contraindications are absolute contraindications, others are
relative contraindications. We will note this before we cover each
contraindication. This lesson will also have some medical jargon
because sometimes we discover contraindications through medical
imaging or other testing. Therefore, some questions and phrases will be
directed at other health professionals rather than the patient.
Since this will be a whirlwind tour of Spanish for
various medical topics, to save time, we will not review vocabulary and
multiple variations for each question and phrase, but I will
include variations as well as a Quizlet set where you can review the
vocabulary in the lesson notes at docmolly.com. And one more thing
before we begin. The purpose of this lesson, as always, is to learn
medical Spanish, not medicine. Please consult your trusted medical
sources when reviewing contraindications for thrombolytics
with your patients. Gracias. I hope you find this lesson helpful.
¿Listos? ¡Empecemos!
Luis Almeida nos acompaña desde Venezuela para ayudarnos con el
español de esta lección.
Contraindicación absoluta:
Los síntomas comenzaron hace más de 4 horas y media.
Interpreta: The symptoms started more than four and a half hours ago.
Los síntomas comenzaron hace más de 4 horas y media.
Utilizando EMPEZAR, When did the symptoms begin?
¿Cuándo empezaron los síntomas?
What time did the symptoms begin?
¿A qué hora empezaron los síntomas?
Ahora, preguntando al acompañante del paciente,
When was the last time she seemed normal to you?
¿Cuándo fue la última vez que le pareció normal?
Referring to a male patient and using VER,
When was the last time you saw him normal?
¿Cuándo fue la última vez que lo vio normal?
Contraindicación absoluta:
Traumatismo craneal o infarto cerebral durante los últimos tres meses
Interpreta: Head trauma or stroke during the last three months
Traumatismo craneal o infarto cerebral durante los últimos tres meses
In the last three months, have you suffered any head trauma?
En los últimos tres meses, ¿ha sufrido algún traumatismo craneal?
In the last three months, have you suffered any blows to the head?
En los últimos tres meses, ¿ha sufrido algún golpe en la cabeza?
And here, you may want to use GOLPE FUERTE to indicate a severe blow to
the head, not just a bump on the head.
¿Ha sufrido algún golpe fuerte en la cabeza?
In the last three months, have you suffered a stroke?
En los últimos tres meses. ¿Ha sufrido un infarto cerebral?
Contraindicación absoluta:
Sangrado interno activo
Interpreta: Active internal bleeding
Sangrado interno activo
Utilizando HEMORRAGIA interpreta: Have you had any bleeding?
¿Ha tenido alguna hemorragia?
Has he suffered any internal bleeding?
¿Ha sufrido alguna hemorragia interna?
Or using SANGRADO,
¿Ha sufrido algún sangrado interno?
Note that although both SANGRADO y HEMORRAGIA can be translated as
bleeding, just like "hemorrhage" in English, HEMORRAGIA implies that the
bleeding is more serious.
Contraindicación relativa:
Hemorragia gastrointestinal o genito- urinaria durante los últimos 21 días.
Interpreta: Gastrointestinal or genito-urinary bleeding within the last 21 days
Hemorragia gastrointestinal o genito- urinaria durante los últimos 21 días
Do you have bleeding ulcers?
¿Tiene úlceras sangrantes?
¿Tiene úlceras hemorrágicas?
Utilizando SUFRIR y SANGRADO,
During the last three weeks, has she had any bleeding from the
gastrointestinal tract or the urinary tract?
¿Durante las últimas tres semanas, ha sufrido algún sangrado del
tracto gastrointestinal o del tracto urinario?
Utilizando POPÓ, Have you noticed blood in your stool?
¿Ha notado sangre en el popó?
And the noun POPÓ can be either masculine or feminine.
¿Ha notado sangre en la popó?
Have you noticed blood in your urine?
¿Ha notado sangre en la orina?
Does your poop look dark and sticky?
¿Su popó parece oscura y pegajosa?
Or using the masculine noun POPÓ,
¿Su popó parece oscuro y pegajoso?
Utilizando SANGRADO, Have you had any bleeding from the uterus?
¿Ha tenido algún sangrado del útero?
Contraindicación absoluta:
Diátesis hemorrágica activa
Interpreta: Active bleeding diathesis
Diátesis hemorrágica activa
Utilizando HEMORRAGIAS, interpreta:
Have you been diagnosed with any bleeding problems?
¿Le han diagnosticado algún problema de hemorragias?
Notice how Luis used an unspecified subject of "they" to express the
passive action of being diagnosed.
Literally, "Have they diagnosed you any bleeding problems?
¿Le han diagnosticado algún problema de hemorragias?
Interprétalo otra vez.
Have you been diagnosed with any bleeding problems?
¿Le han diagnosticado algún problema de hemorragias?
Do you take anticoagulants?
¿Toma anticoagulantes?
Do you take medications to thin the blood?
¿Toma medicamentos para adelgazar la sangre?
¿Toma medicamentos para diluir la sangre?
So you'll hear both ADELGAZAR y DILUIR to say to "thin the blood."
Utilizando ADMINISTRAR, Has she been given heparin in the last 24 hours?
¿Le han administrado heparina en las últimas 24 horas?
Does he have a platelet count less than 100?
¿Tiene un conteo de plaquetas inferior a 100?
Contraindicación absoluta:
Presión arterial superior a 185 sobre 110.
Interpreta: Blood pressure greater than 185 over 110
Presión arterial superior a 185 sobre 110
And we should have added here, A PESAR DE TRATAMIENTO, despite
treatment. So, if someone's blood pressure is really high when they
come in the E.R., we can treat that, get it down with nicardipine and
then give them the thrombolytics. Okay, now back to the medical Spanish.
Empezando con USTED, Do you have uncontrolled blood pressure?
¿Usted tiene la presión arterial descontrolada?
Her blood pressure is 192 over 80.
Su presión es de 192 sobre 80.
Fíjate en cómo se puede utilizar simplemente LA PRESIÓN para
referirse a LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL.
Su presión es de 192 sobre 80.
En los siguientes ejemplos Vamos a utilizar LA PRESIÓN ARTERIAL.
His systolic blood pressure is over 185.
Su presión arterial sistólica es superior a 185.
His diastolic blood pressure is over 110.
Su presión arterial diastólica es superior a 110.
And if you would like to practice more with numbers and reporting
blood pressures, there's a link in your lesson notes.
Contraindicación absoluta:
Nivel de glucosa en la sangre inferior a 50
Interpreta: Blood glucose level under 50
Nivel de glucosa en la sangre inferior a 50
Do you suffer from diabetes?
¿Sufre de diabetes?
Do you take medications for diabetes?
¿Toma medicamentos para la diabetes?
Do you take insulin?
¿Se pone insulina?
¿Se inyecta insulina?
So when speaking of injectable medications, you can use PONERSE,
INYECTARSE, or APLICARSE.
Contraindicación absoluta: Un infarto cerebral grande observado en
la tomografía. Interpreta:
In the upcoming member lesson, we will complete our review of Spanish
for discussing contraindications to thrombolytics. We'll learn how to
ask about intracranial lesions, recent major surgery or trauma, a
noncompressible arterial puncture site, recent brain or spine surgery,
seizure at the onset of symptoms, pregnancy, and recent heart attack.
To learn more with us and support the podcast, click the link in your
show notes to become a member and access all our lessons and courses
at docmolly.com. Members get access to our Premium Medical Spanish
Podcast feed and to our collection of over 400 medical Spanish lessons
with full lesson notes, and downloadable PDFs. Members at
docmolly. com, also get access to our courses which provide an
organized curriculum where you can track your progress and use Quizlet
sets to reinforce what you learn. Or if you just want to hear the latest
three months of member lessons, you can subscribe through Apple Podcasts.
You may have noticed I don't run ads on the podcast or at docmolly.com.
I want to keep us focused on learning medical Spanish. Therefore, I rely
on member support to keep this project going. If you're not a
member yet and you find this podcast helpful, please consider becoming a
member. Gracias de todo corazón y hasta la próxima.