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Join us as we gather around the hedge,

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where we dig into technology,

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business, and culture with the finest minds in

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computer networking.

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Well, hello, Tom. How are you this morning?

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Good morning, Russ. Doing great. How about you?

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I'm fine.

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Artemis.

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Artemis. We were talking about space and and

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and all that stuff.

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That's a great thing, I think, maybe,

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until we discover the aliens, and then they

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come after us. Then we have War of

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the Worlds.

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Nice. Well, it couldn't be any worse than

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US politics. Right?

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I don't know. Probably shouldn't say that.

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I don't know. Who knows? World politics in

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general right now. Holy mackerel. The world's gone

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insane.

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So

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we are again joined by Jamie Schwartz.

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So, Jamie,

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you are

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around Princeton if I remember correctly. Right?

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Westchester, just North of New York City. Okay.

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The opposite direction of New York. Alright. Okay.

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Right. Got it. I don't know why I

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was thinking Princeton, but sure. Westchester. Okay.

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Yeah. I've been watching what's going on in

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Paterson and some other places up there. Very

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interesting stuff going on around New York City.

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So

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let's continue talking about Web three point

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o. And,

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just like when people think of Web three

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point o, what are the things they think

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of before before we jump into the fourth

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rung, as you call it, or the fourth

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rung?

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Yeah. A little bit of context, I think.

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And I said this in the last podcast.

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Web two was kind of broadband and mobile

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and apps and centralized social media. So Web

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three has been

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these introductions of generative

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AI, of XR, meaning mixed reality,

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augmented reality, virtual reality.

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And

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as along with,

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AI

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kind of coming together with NFTs,

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we've got a blockchain back end, we've got

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an AI user interface,

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conversational media, and we've got an immersive spatial

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space forming.

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And right now, Web three point zero seems

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like it's really kind of coming into its

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own as these three technologies are converging and

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creating new emergencies. And,

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that's pretty much everything that everybody's taken to

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account is in some form of that category.

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And, of course, Gen AI is way more

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than than just Gen AI. It's deep learning

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machine learning and all the other stuff that

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goes there and XR is a lot of

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different kind of immersion things that we've been

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building for a long time and in the

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regular web world and,

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it's

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blockchain has a lot of different use cases

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from finance to

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security to provenance, and and they're all in

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in,

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their own ways building. It's very, very complex.

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But if you simplify it down, yeah, those

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are the three pillars.

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Okay.

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So

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we talked a lot about NFTs.

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So now let's talk about quantum. What is

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the point behind quantum? What is going on

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with quantum?

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Why is this such a different

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mode of computation?

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And, of course, there's two bits to it.

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The first bit is

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on the network side, it's just entanglement

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and overcoming the speed of light in terms

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of transmission,

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as well as, you know, some other things

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in that area.

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From the compute side, it's this intermediate state

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thing. Right? It's this is neither it's neither

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true nor false.

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Yeah. I was talking with my, CMO from

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Mark yesterday. She had asked Chat g b

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t to write a poem about this, and

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Chat g b t came up with this

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line about the space in between

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one and zero.

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And I thought that was such a beautiful

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wherever it hallucinated it from kind of point.

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And that's, yeah, that's kind of the context

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of what's going on here. Compute for us

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is binary code. Zero's and one's gates that

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are just saying yes or no a million

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times over and that's the same thing as

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our neurons yes or no fire don't fire.

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But quantum gives us this third space

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both at the same time this a oneness

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and that allows for binary to now be

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three

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parameters

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which just permit

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on a on a exponential growth scale the

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amount of permutations you can do with three

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instead of two a million times over, that's

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where the scale is coming from with quantum.

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So but it's not the same thing as

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going to a four

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to a four octa or to a four

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bit or a four state

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type of thing. It's a three state, but

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it's not even really three states. Right? It's

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an indeterminate state. It could be either zero

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or it could be one,

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depending on the interpretation

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at the moment. And if you get enough

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indeterminate states, you may end up with a

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one or a zero.

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But I don't think a lot of people

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understand how that has an impact

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in the way you process things.

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Right? So you have this third state. Well,

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okay. How does that help me break keys?

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How does that help me do anything? I

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don't understand

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why adding this in between state makes a

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difference.

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That's also why it's so hard to program

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for quantum computing

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because programming in general is based on a

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binary

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state of ones and zeros. So when you

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have this not only third state, but the

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third state that could be either one way

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or the other,

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you end up in this

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probability zone

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where you're not talking about fixed ones and

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zeros, you're talking about probabilities.

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So this isn't computing.

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This isn't,

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one and zero computing binary computing. This is

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probability computing,

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which means it's really really crappy at doing

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normal programming, you know, just do a calculation.

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But it's a really really good

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at predictive analysis

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at looking at the whole thing at once.

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Another way of putting it would be if

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you're trying to get through a maze,

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binary code will

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go through where it's programmed to go.

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The

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quantum version of that is going through all

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the maze at once at the same time

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and then

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just showing you the one solution that you

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wanted to see even though it has all

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the solutions for all the possibilities in all

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time all at once.

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Interesting. So so

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if I were in the maze, if I

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were the rat in the maze,

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the binary way for me to solve a

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maze

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from inside the maze is to always turn

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right or always turn left.

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Because, eventually,

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if I turn right, even if I end

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a dead end, I'm going to wrap around,

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follow the right wall, and I'll eventually find

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my way out. Now, there are some

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clever maze designs

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where that's not possible.

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But by and large, if you're in a

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maze I don't know if you knew this

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or not. Put your hand on the right

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wall and follow it.

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And eventually, you will find it's you won't

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it won't be the short path. It won't

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be the easy path. But eventually,

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you should, in theory,

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find your way out. So we're just Jack

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Nicholson knew that in The Shining.

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So,

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now somebody's gonna listen to this and prove

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me wrong, but that's okay. That's what I

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understand. I mean, When I was doing maze

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when that's when I was doing some maze

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puzzle solving stuff, that's always what I followed,

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and it always seemed to work. So now

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with quantum, when you come to each intersection,

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you try to figure out a probability

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based on prior actions

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or future probabilities.

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Right? You're saying, maybe I should go right,

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maybe I should go left, or maybe I

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should hold my decision in abeyance

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until I explore each path

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a certain distance.

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Is that You've actually well, you've actually brought

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up an interesting way of thinking about the

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difference between quantum computing and AI computing here

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versus the regular algorithmic computing. So the algorithmic

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computing you can program in, always turn

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right. And it'll eventually get there, you know.

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AI is doing that a thousand times.

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Not always not always turn right, but going

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okay. Now I'm gonna try always turn left.

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Now I'm gonna try right right left. And

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it will go through all those things and

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it will have learned

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just by sheer practice of every possibility.

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What is the probabilistic

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way I should be moving? And then use

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that with every turn moving forward and get

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better and better at maze solving versus quantum,

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which is literally

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going through all of it at the same

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time, the same state all at once. It's

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such a different way of thinking about stuff.

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That once again is why programming is so

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different

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when it comes to what quantum

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can do especially

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oh my goodness, put those two things together,

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quantum computation

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with an AI software.

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That's

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mind bogglingly

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even, you know, way further than just quantum

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on its

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own. Crazy thinking.

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So when you when you when you look

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to scale up,

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traditional computing, non quantum computing, you know, you

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look at things like the density of transistors

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on a chip and things like that. And

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as you as you scale that up, you

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make a thing more powerful, more more capable

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of doing more calculations per second, whatever.

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How how do you how do you look

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at the how do you look at the

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hardware, the underlying capabilities in terms of quantum?

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Is it it is it is it a

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simple linear Moore's Law type of thing? Is

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it Hells no.

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Would imagine that. Yeah. No. It's it's a

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well,

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this is where I actually look to the

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Blackfeet tribe of Montana.

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What? Yes. No. That there's a reason.

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So I was studying the Blackfeet tribe in

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in 2017. We're trying to help them with

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their community college advance,

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and status. And

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I started to understand the or learn from

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them about the Pecanee language that they use.

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And like most indigenous languages, it's contextual,

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which means you don't point at things.

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You point at contexts.

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So that's why, you know, when you hear,

276
00:10:04,134 --> 00:10:06,375
you know, the the typical American, cliche would

277
00:10:06,375 --> 00:10:07,514
be dances with wolves.

278
00:10:07,975 --> 00:10:09,115
His name isn't Wolf.

279
00:10:09,574 --> 00:10:11,115
It's dances with wolves.

280
00:10:11,735 --> 00:10:14,294
A, a woman that we worked with there,

281
00:10:14,534 --> 00:10:15,815
Daniel Antelope, her,

282
00:10:16,534 --> 00:10:18,855
indigenous name or first nation name is comes

283
00:10:18,855 --> 00:10:19,674
in singing.

284
00:10:21,070 --> 00:10:22,830
And the analogy I like to use that

285
00:10:22,830 --> 00:10:24,590
they gave is if you're pointing at a

286
00:10:24,590 --> 00:10:25,330
wheat field,

287
00:10:26,190 --> 00:10:28,350
there's no word for wheat. There's wheat in

288
00:10:28,350 --> 00:10:30,769
the wind. There's wheat through the soil.

289
00:10:31,149 --> 00:10:32,929
It's it's always in context.

290
00:10:33,309 --> 00:10:35,730
And because of that, quantum physicists

291
00:10:36,615 --> 00:10:37,514
have been studying

292
00:10:37,975 --> 00:10:39,754
the Pecani language in specific,

293
00:10:40,295 --> 00:10:42,855
use but indigenous language in general, contextual languages

294
00:10:42,855 --> 00:10:45,575
in general, to understand how to describe the

295
00:10:45,575 --> 00:10:46,475
quantum realm.

296
00:10:46,855 --> 00:10:49,175
So long walk back to where we were,

297
00:10:49,175 --> 00:10:51,669
think about electrons. You can't talk about an

298
00:10:51,669 --> 00:10:52,649
electrons place

299
00:10:53,509 --> 00:10:55,669
anywhere in that cloud of where it's supposed

300
00:10:55,669 --> 00:10:57,210
to be. It is a probability

301
00:10:58,470 --> 00:11:00,309
of where it is supposed to be at

302
00:11:00,309 --> 00:11:02,409
any one place because you're transcending

303
00:11:02,710 --> 00:11:03,210
time.

304
00:11:03,774 --> 00:11:05,455
And then as soon as you say, well,

305
00:11:05,455 --> 00:11:06,434
at this point,

306
00:11:07,054 --> 00:11:08,894
you can lock it in. But you have

307
00:11:08,894 --> 00:11:10,975
to then pick a time. But that's because

308
00:11:10,975 --> 00:11:11,475
you

309
00:11:12,495 --> 00:11:14,495
are take trying to translate something from four

310
00:11:14,495 --> 00:11:15,714
d into three d.

311
00:11:16,730 --> 00:11:20,110
Quantum state is a natural four d state.

312
00:11:20,570 --> 00:11:22,409
Another way weird way of thinking about it

313
00:11:22,409 --> 00:11:26,909
is because we're three-dimensional beings living through time,

314
00:11:28,089 --> 00:11:29,549
that means that we are just

315
00:11:29,915 --> 00:11:33,134
at any one microsecond, a slice of ourselves.

316
00:11:34,075 --> 00:11:36,634
But if you include space time, if you

317
00:11:36,634 --> 00:11:37,615
think fourth dimensionally,

318
00:11:38,235 --> 00:11:40,095
all of us all at once

319
00:11:40,475 --> 00:11:42,014
is together as one thing.

320
00:11:42,730 --> 00:11:44,090
So when you hear it in like sci

321
00:11:44,090 --> 00:11:44,750
fi stories,

322
00:11:45,289 --> 00:11:47,370
I know I the past and the present

323
00:11:47,370 --> 00:11:48,410
and the future are the same to me.

324
00:11:48,410 --> 00:11:50,490
So I'm suffering with you back a hundred

325
00:11:50,490 --> 00:11:52,490
years ago and, you know, laughing with you

326
00:11:52,490 --> 00:11:54,750
five minutes from now at the same time.

327
00:11:55,134 --> 00:11:57,694
What that's what that meant. So a quantum

328
00:11:57,694 --> 00:11:58,194
computer

329
00:11:59,054 --> 00:12:00,514
works on that

330
00:12:01,134 --> 00:12:02,355
logic, quote unquote,

331
00:12:02,735 --> 00:12:04,115
everything all at once.

332
00:12:04,975 --> 00:12:06,654
Great movie if you haven't seen it. Everything

333
00:12:06,654 --> 00:12:07,794
everywhere all at once.

334
00:12:09,375 --> 00:12:10,950
I don't know if I answered your question,

335
00:12:11,029 --> 00:12:12,470
but, wow, I went on a lot of

336
00:12:12,470 --> 00:12:15,029
long tangent. No. No. It's fine. So so

337
00:12:15,029 --> 00:12:17,830
so this actually relates philosophically to something called

338
00:12:17,830 --> 00:12:19,290
a time, b time, presentism.

339
00:12:19,669 --> 00:12:21,509
But let's not get, like, too deep into

340
00:12:21,509 --> 00:12:24,070
philosophy. I mean, this comes to mind. Why

341
00:12:24,070 --> 00:12:24,570
not?

342
00:12:25,504 --> 00:12:27,184
I was just reading a paper on a

343
00:12:27,184 --> 00:12:28,804
time, b time, and,

344
00:12:29,584 --> 00:12:30,084
presentism,

345
00:12:30,705 --> 00:12:32,464
last night for I don't know. It just

346
00:12:32,464 --> 00:12:33,985
popped into my radar and I went and

347
00:12:33,985 --> 00:12:35,764
read it just because it was there.

348
00:12:36,784 --> 00:12:37,985
Come on. This is what you get when

349
00:12:37,985 --> 00:12:39,284
you get a PhD in philosophy.

350
00:12:39,909 --> 00:12:41,909
My one of my thesis in college on

351
00:12:41,909 --> 00:12:44,169
philosophy was on proving nothingness from Wittgenstein.

352
00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:47,029
Yeah. Well, okay. Yeah. I literally handed him

353
00:12:47,029 --> 00:12:48,070
a paper with my name on it. He

354
00:12:48,070 --> 00:12:48,970
gave me a C.

355
00:12:49,909 --> 00:12:50,409
Interesting.

356
00:12:51,029 --> 00:12:52,090
Yeah. So

357
00:12:53,934 --> 00:12:55,774
so you never gotten the paperback that said

358
00:12:55,774 --> 00:12:56,675
this is nonsense,

359
00:12:57,375 --> 00:12:59,075
and that was it. No. Seriously?

360
00:12:59,934 --> 00:13:01,855
It could because nonsense would be something. Yeah.

361
00:13:01,855 --> 00:13:03,774
Well, that's true. Okay. So,

362
00:13:04,415 --> 00:13:05,855
Well, so I I guess kinda where I

363
00:13:05,855 --> 00:13:07,889
was going with that question was, at some

364
00:13:07,889 --> 00:13:09,649
point, all of all of these really great

365
00:13:09,649 --> 00:13:12,449
ideas are gonna translate into capital requirements of

366
00:13:12,449 --> 00:13:14,769
a business. Somebody's gonna have to buy chips

367
00:13:14,769 --> 00:13:17,750
to do things. Right? Mhmm. And so,

368
00:13:18,209 --> 00:13:20,389
I'm I'm I guess I'm just more

369
00:13:20,774 --> 00:13:23,654
pragmatic about things. So so what is the

370
00:13:23,735 --> 00:13:25,654
like, what are what are the economic drivers

371
00:13:25,654 --> 00:13:27,495
that make it like, I would assume this

372
00:13:27,495 --> 00:13:29,595
machine is more expensive to build than

373
00:13:30,054 --> 00:13:32,615
a normal x 86 machine, and I assume

374
00:13:32,615 --> 00:13:35,410
that there's a small much smaller market for

375
00:13:35,410 --> 00:13:36,309
what it would do.

376
00:13:36,769 --> 00:13:39,410
What about in terms of economics? Yeah. Yeah.

377
00:13:39,410 --> 00:13:39,910
So,

378
00:13:40,610 --> 00:13:43,090
the CTO for Mark is Matt Hampton of

379
00:13:43,090 --> 00:13:43,990
Envoy Design

380
00:13:44,370 --> 00:13:46,550
and he has access to three

381
00:13:46,995 --> 00:13:48,455
quantum computers right now.

382
00:13:49,075 --> 00:13:51,875
One's a nine qubit, one's an 18 qubit,

383
00:13:51,875 --> 00:13:53,575
and one's a 72 qubit.

384
00:13:54,595 --> 00:13:56,695
That's kind of like we're talking in megahertz,

385
00:13:56,754 --> 00:13:57,335
I guess,

386
00:13:57,875 --> 00:14:00,434
analogy. Okay. But the point would be it's

387
00:14:00,434 --> 00:14:02,139
how many qubits you have on a on

388
00:14:02,139 --> 00:14:03,899
a chip that allows for, you know, that

389
00:14:03,899 --> 00:14:06,299
exponential amount of growth. As you were saying

390
00:14:06,299 --> 00:14:08,220
before, you know, we are our,

391
00:14:08,860 --> 00:14:10,559
wires are getting thinner, our,

392
00:14:11,100 --> 00:14:12,860
megahertz are getting faster, you know, how many

393
00:14:12,860 --> 00:14:14,699
transistors can we fit? It's how many cubits

394
00:14:14,699 --> 00:14:16,715
can we get? And right now the biggest

395
00:14:16,715 --> 00:14:18,154
problem is when they're all next to each

396
00:14:18,154 --> 00:14:18,654
other,

397
00:14:19,195 --> 00:14:21,115
there's a lot of interference coming in. So

398
00:14:21,115 --> 00:14:23,195
you get a lot of errors. And that's

399
00:14:23,195 --> 00:14:24,475
what the war is going on right now.

400
00:14:24,475 --> 00:14:26,075
If you're ever seeing any advancements, there's a

401
00:14:26,075 --> 00:14:27,514
new chip that just came in from China

402
00:14:27,514 --> 00:14:29,870
that's blowing the water out of Google's chip

403
00:14:29,870 --> 00:14:31,809
that was blowing the water out of Microsoft's

404
00:14:32,190 --> 00:14:34,450
theory that they had a new kind of

405
00:14:34,670 --> 00:14:35,570
piece of matter.

406
00:14:35,950 --> 00:14:37,710
It's all about how many chips can you

407
00:14:37,710 --> 00:14:40,450
put on without interference problems and beating that.

408
00:14:41,434 --> 00:14:43,054
The very first product that

409
00:14:43,595 --> 00:14:45,855
Matt came up with with his company

410
00:14:46,235 --> 00:14:48,654
was an entropy machine because

411
00:14:49,274 --> 00:14:51,914
booting up a quantum computer like you turn

412
00:14:51,914 --> 00:14:54,750
on your computer goes ding and it's boots

413
00:14:54,750 --> 00:14:57,490
and you're there. A quantum computer takes hours.

414
00:14:58,670 --> 00:15:00,370
It's like this is a flywheel

415
00:15:00,750 --> 00:15:02,110
that has to get going and that's a

416
00:15:02,110 --> 00:15:04,670
bad analogy that right there but it's huge

417
00:15:04,670 --> 00:15:06,670
amount of energy to get going like a

418
00:15:06,670 --> 00:15:08,350
nuclear reactor or something you've got to get

419
00:15:08,350 --> 00:15:10,125
it going And then it's really hard to

420
00:15:10,125 --> 00:15:11,664
turn off. But when you do that,

421
00:15:12,044 --> 00:15:12,705
it creates

422
00:15:13,164 --> 00:15:14,304
pure entropy.

423
00:15:15,084 --> 00:15:17,904
So they're automatically selling quantum secure

424
00:15:19,245 --> 00:15:19,745
randomness

425
00:15:20,365 --> 00:15:22,544
as a package just by booting it up.

426
00:15:22,670 --> 00:15:24,029
There you go. I mean it's really expensive

427
00:15:24,029 --> 00:15:25,629
to boot up a machine so you probably

428
00:15:25,629 --> 00:15:27,550
want to monetize it anyway, but that's one

429
00:15:27,550 --> 00:15:28,050
thing.

430
00:15:28,430 --> 00:15:30,370
They've built a product off of that

431
00:15:30,910 --> 00:15:32,509
which is and you probably heard about this

432
00:15:32,509 --> 00:15:34,509
from years ago where people would put Wi

433
00:15:34,509 --> 00:15:35,009
Fi

434
00:15:35,389 --> 00:15:35,889
in

435
00:15:36,204 --> 00:15:39,084
the variations of the flicker of the light

436
00:15:39,084 --> 00:15:39,584
bulbs.

437
00:15:40,125 --> 00:15:42,945
So you would transfer it by light. So,

438
00:15:44,125 --> 00:15:45,504
they're talking to

439
00:15:46,845 --> 00:15:49,485
security focused companies that are all on lands

440
00:15:49,485 --> 00:15:51,164
that can't afford to go on Wi Fi,

441
00:15:51,164 --> 00:15:51,664
can't

442
00:15:52,129 --> 00:15:52,629
to

443
00:15:53,009 --> 00:15:54,470
do quantum secured wifi

444
00:15:54,850 --> 00:15:55,830
with the lights,

445
00:15:56,929 --> 00:15:58,769
where it has that pure entropy built into

446
00:15:58,769 --> 00:15:59,269
it.

447
00:15:59,730 --> 00:16:01,570
And pure entropy is the only thing that

448
00:16:01,570 --> 00:16:03,269
you know it can't be hacked.

449
00:16:04,210 --> 00:16:06,629
And so there's a product right over there.

450
00:16:07,304 --> 00:16:09,085
They're starting to play with AI,

451
00:16:09,784 --> 00:16:11,945
starting with images and they've gotten to the

452
00:16:11,945 --> 00:16:14,284
point now and this they've got an amazing

453
00:16:14,745 --> 00:16:16,504
quantum programmer. I don't know what you call

454
00:16:16,504 --> 00:16:16,985
it.

455
00:16:18,184 --> 00:16:21,779
That has been fussing with generative AI imaging.

456
00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:23,600
And they've gotten it down to creating some

457
00:16:23,600 --> 00:16:26,179
polka dots and some and some diagonal lines.

458
00:16:27,279 --> 00:16:28,879
In and of itself, it's like when you're

459
00:16:28,879 --> 00:16:29,940
starting with this

460
00:16:30,879 --> 00:16:31,379
crazy

461
00:16:31,759 --> 00:16:32,580
fourth dimensional

462
00:16:33,200 --> 00:16:33,700
technology,

463
00:16:34,654 --> 00:16:36,654
and we're stuck here in three dimensions trying

464
00:16:36,654 --> 00:16:38,035
to figure out what to do with it.

465
00:16:38,575 --> 00:16:41,054
It's huge to be able to go. We

466
00:16:41,054 --> 00:16:44,014
made polka dots. Mhmm. You know, to try

467
00:16:44,014 --> 00:16:46,595
to get the Ferrari, you know, the Ferrari

468
00:16:47,299 --> 00:16:49,720
to to park a Ferrari in a garage

469
00:16:50,179 --> 00:16:51,779
that wants to be going 500 miles an

470
00:16:51,779 --> 00:16:55,139
hour to do that, it's it's these are

471
00:16:55,220 --> 00:16:56,899
those are leaps and bounds on a software

472
00:16:56,899 --> 00:16:58,519
level. The software for Quantum

473
00:16:58,980 --> 00:17:01,639
is so much harder to comprehend than Quantum

474
00:17:01,699 --> 00:17:02,199
itself.

475
00:17:02,845 --> 00:17:04,765
And I won't pretend to know really anything

476
00:17:04,765 --> 00:17:07,005
in that area, but just the consequence of

477
00:17:07,005 --> 00:17:09,244
it. So we're if we wanna think about

478
00:17:09,244 --> 00:17:11,345
it in terms of a software development,

479
00:17:12,045 --> 00:17:12,704
oh, boy.

480
00:17:13,085 --> 00:17:15,085
You know, like, we've got to really think

481
00:17:15,085 --> 00:17:17,750
very, very differently. This isn't, yay, we beat

482
00:17:17,750 --> 00:17:19,190
Moore's Law. We now know how to get

483
00:17:19,190 --> 00:17:21,909
past. It's a different beast altogether. We're gonna

484
00:17:21,909 --> 00:17:23,369
have regular computation

485
00:17:23,829 --> 00:17:25,429
as a complement to it for a long

486
00:17:25,429 --> 00:17:27,509
time. Where you're really going to get the

487
00:17:27,509 --> 00:17:28,569
benefits are

488
00:17:28,950 --> 00:17:29,769
world building.

489
00:17:30,595 --> 00:17:31,974
We're starting to make metaverses

490
00:17:32,674 --> 00:17:33,494
that require

491
00:17:34,115 --> 00:17:34,615
ecosystems.

492
00:17:35,875 --> 00:17:37,875
And I'm very hopeful on that level where

493
00:17:37,875 --> 00:17:39,414
AI and quantum can come together

494
00:17:39,714 --> 00:17:41,654
to basically just give us that

495
00:17:41,954 --> 00:17:44,615
object permanence that's required in an ecosystem.

496
00:17:45,140 --> 00:17:46,039
What's the brain

497
00:17:46,340 --> 00:17:48,200
behind you know, what's it?

498
00:17:48,740 --> 00:17:50,279
I'll use philosophy. Descartes

499
00:17:50,980 --> 00:17:53,620
was proving God existed because somebody had to

500
00:17:53,620 --> 00:17:55,779
be watching the Observer effect had to be

501
00:17:55,779 --> 00:17:58,259
watching reality in order for it to be

502
00:17:58,259 --> 00:17:58,759
there.

503
00:17:59,804 --> 00:18:01,504
That's how it works for

504
00:18:02,044 --> 00:18:02,944
a better verse.

505
00:18:03,404 --> 00:18:05,345
What's the server that's keeping that

506
00:18:05,724 --> 00:18:06,625
world going

507
00:18:07,484 --> 00:18:10,444
and quantum can be God for that space

508
00:18:10,444 --> 00:18:11,724
in that way because it's the only thing

509
00:18:11,724 --> 00:18:13,105
that's omnipotent enough

510
00:18:13,450 --> 00:18:15,070
omniscient enough to be able to control

511
00:18:16,330 --> 00:18:19,309
weather systems and tectonics and all the MPCs

512
00:18:19,450 --> 00:18:22,190
and everything at once that then regular computationally

513
00:18:22,330 --> 00:18:23,630
I can sit on top of.

514
00:18:24,650 --> 00:18:26,509
So when when you talk about qubits,

515
00:18:27,005 --> 00:18:29,725
are you talking about number of qubits per

516
00:18:29,884 --> 00:18:30,945
produced per

517
00:18:31,485 --> 00:18:33,805
x time period, or are you talking about

518
00:18:33,805 --> 00:18:36,785
qubits as, like, registers in a standard processor?

519
00:18:37,404 --> 00:18:39,644
This processor to it as the the the

520
00:18:39,644 --> 00:18:40,785
qubit on the chip.

521
00:18:41,289 --> 00:18:42,730
So it's like So it's like a register

522
00:18:42,730 --> 00:18:45,390
on a processor. It's like this chip has

523
00:18:45,769 --> 00:18:46,990
72 qubits.

524
00:18:47,690 --> 00:18:48,190
Mhmm.

525
00:18:48,650 --> 00:18:49,710
So those are

526
00:18:50,089 --> 00:18:51,950
analogous to, like, memory locations

527
00:18:52,730 --> 00:18:54,029
or memory registers,

528
00:18:54,394 --> 00:18:55,774
but they're not really there.

529
00:18:56,315 --> 00:18:58,394
They're kind of like cores, if you if

530
00:18:58,394 --> 00:18:59,434
you think of it that way. I mean,

531
00:18:59,434 --> 00:19:00,554
it could it could be cores. It could

532
00:19:00,554 --> 00:19:02,875
be gates. The analogy works either way. Yeah.

533
00:19:02,875 --> 00:19:04,815
It's just because it's so different. But, like,

534
00:19:05,034 --> 00:19:07,194
go back to transistor computers, and we're talking

535
00:19:07,194 --> 00:19:08,474
about, like, one gate at a time, one

536
00:19:08,474 --> 00:19:11,470
bit, one byte here. Great. Cool. That's one

537
00:19:11,529 --> 00:19:13,130
bit. Or you could talk about now where

538
00:19:13,130 --> 00:19:15,690
we're putting multiple cores together to create, you

539
00:19:15,690 --> 00:19:17,309
know, a chip that's a bunch of chips.

540
00:19:17,690 --> 00:19:18,890
So you could think of it that way

541
00:19:18,890 --> 00:19:20,509
too. It's just they're both analogies.

542
00:19:21,130 --> 00:19:22,990
Yeah. Right. Right. Yeah. Of course, they're analogies.

543
00:19:23,049 --> 00:19:25,305
But yeah. So it's so it's not per

544
00:19:25,305 --> 00:19:25,805
second.

545
00:19:26,345 --> 00:19:28,125
It's not processing speed.

546
00:19:28,744 --> 00:19:31,144
It's how many of these things it has

547
00:19:31,144 --> 00:19:32,045
on the chip.

548
00:19:32,664 --> 00:19:34,585
It's how much probability can you hold at

549
00:19:34,585 --> 00:19:36,525
one time. Right. Yeah. Okay.

550
00:19:36,859 --> 00:19:39,039
That's fine. Which translates to how much probability

551
00:19:39,099 --> 00:19:40,140
can you hold at one time? Because if

552
00:19:40,140 --> 00:19:41,180
you look at it once again to the

553
00:19:41,180 --> 00:19:43,420
electrons, got two electrons on the inner cloud

554
00:19:43,420 --> 00:19:44,940
then eight. So I've got to deal with

555
00:19:44,940 --> 00:19:47,420
two probabilities sitting right here. Yeah. Now I've

556
00:19:47,420 --> 00:19:48,559
got to deal with 10 probabilities.

557
00:19:49,019 --> 00:19:51,119
I've got to deal with 18 probabilities.

558
00:19:52,184 --> 00:19:54,924
So you had, earlier you had some predictions

559
00:19:55,625 --> 00:19:57,644
about this will be the year of blank.

560
00:19:57,865 --> 00:20:00,284
What what do you see? I'm so scared.

561
00:20:02,984 --> 00:20:05,224
I think I think because we're now at

562
00:20:05,224 --> 00:20:06,524
a stage where there are

563
00:20:07,059 --> 00:20:08,900
fifth there are more than 50 and less

564
00:20:08,900 --> 00:20:10,039
than a hundred commercial,

565
00:20:11,140 --> 00:20:13,859
quantum computers out there right now. That means

566
00:20:13,859 --> 00:20:16,759
we're in that such early stage where people,

567
00:20:17,220 --> 00:20:19,779
certain people have access and they're playing around

568
00:20:19,779 --> 00:20:21,320
with it right now. They're trying to figure.

569
00:20:21,460 --> 00:20:21,960
But

570
00:20:22,414 --> 00:20:24,414
in that, there's got to be somebody who's

571
00:20:24,414 --> 00:20:25,794
going to break quantum

572
00:20:26,095 --> 00:20:27,954
because the whole point of a

573
00:20:28,335 --> 00:20:28,835
blockchain

574
00:20:29,454 --> 00:20:31,315
is that it would take a computer

575
00:20:31,934 --> 00:20:34,335
more than multiple lifetimes in order to be

576
00:20:34,335 --> 00:20:35,875
able to brute hack

577
00:20:36,575 --> 00:20:37,554
the the chain.

578
00:20:38,519 --> 00:20:39,500
But with the quantum,

579
00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:42,840
that's what we're talking about in terms of

580
00:20:42,840 --> 00:20:44,539
the leap here. So it,

581
00:20:45,480 --> 00:20:47,740
when you can figure out how to use

582
00:20:48,039 --> 00:20:50,619
the quantum computer to do that brute hack

583
00:20:50,840 --> 00:20:51,820
on a blockchain,

584
00:20:52,755 --> 00:20:53,894
somebody's just going

585
00:20:54,434 --> 00:20:56,055
to, if they're smart about it,

586
00:20:58,195 --> 00:20:59,015
get in there,

587
00:20:59,634 --> 00:21:00,775
get a bunch of Bitcoin,

588
00:21:01,315 --> 00:21:03,234
sell it off slowly, and then break the

589
00:21:03,234 --> 00:21:03,734
system.

590
00:21:05,394 --> 00:21:06,775
Not just break the system.

591
00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:11,119
But that's probably gonna happen, if not this

592
00:21:11,119 --> 00:21:11,859
year, next.

593
00:21:12,559 --> 00:21:13,700
So when I'm explaining

594
00:21:14,799 --> 00:21:16,740
crypto to people, cryptographic

595
00:21:17,279 --> 00:21:19,059
hash algorithms, cryptographic algorithms,

596
00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:21,974
one way I tend to do it, which

597
00:21:22,054 --> 00:21:23,815
which crypto people think I'm nuts to do

598
00:21:23,815 --> 00:21:25,595
it this way, is that

599
00:21:26,054 --> 00:21:26,794
I have

600
00:21:29,815 --> 00:21:30,634
a I have

601
00:21:31,255 --> 00:21:33,434
a possible a three d array

602
00:21:33,974 --> 00:21:34,794
of possible

603
00:21:35,255 --> 00:21:36,029
input text

604
00:21:37,789 --> 00:21:38,690
Or clear text.

605
00:21:39,390 --> 00:21:42,130
If I pass it through this particular algorithm

606
00:21:42,590 --> 00:21:43,650
with this particular

607
00:21:44,029 --> 00:21:44,529
key,

608
00:21:44,910 --> 00:21:46,990
that is going to produce a three d

609
00:21:46,990 --> 00:21:48,690
array of possible outputs.

610
00:21:49,424 --> 00:21:50,325
So in reality,

611
00:21:51,025 --> 00:21:51,924
I could actually

612
00:21:52,625 --> 00:21:53,605
skip the algorithm,

613
00:21:55,345 --> 00:21:57,585
create the two three d thing, use it

614
00:21:57,585 --> 00:21:59,125
as a substitution cipher.

615
00:21:59,424 --> 00:22:02,225
And crypto people think that's insane. But that's

616
00:22:02,225 --> 00:22:03,924
really if you knew the entire

617
00:22:04,480 --> 00:22:06,419
scope of all possible inputs,

618
00:22:06,880 --> 00:22:08,980
you could know the scope of all possible

619
00:22:09,039 --> 00:22:09,539
outputs.

620
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:12,159
And when you know both of those, it

621
00:22:12,159 --> 00:22:14,960
really is just it's a substitution cipher. I'm

622
00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:16,259
just taking this bit.

623
00:22:16,575 --> 00:22:18,734
That goes there. Oh, there it is over

624
00:22:18,734 --> 00:22:21,134
there. So it's kind of this it's kind

625
00:22:21,134 --> 00:22:21,634
of

626
00:22:22,015 --> 00:22:24,335
a a huge fancy so with quantum, I'm

627
00:22:24,335 --> 00:22:26,194
guessing what you're saying is that,

628
00:22:26,815 --> 00:22:29,554
as you said, you can kind of explore

629
00:22:29,615 --> 00:22:31,315
the entire maze at once,

630
00:22:31,779 --> 00:22:33,460
which is still something that's very hard to

631
00:22:33,460 --> 00:22:33,960
understand.

632
00:22:34,339 --> 00:22:36,920
I could explore the entire input space

633
00:22:37,700 --> 00:22:40,339
and therefore see or I could see the

634
00:22:40,339 --> 00:22:42,980
entire output space and explore, like, what the

635
00:22:42,980 --> 00:22:44,505
possible inputs are.

636
00:22:44,984 --> 00:22:47,164
And I can actually reverse the crypto

637
00:22:48,585 --> 00:22:51,384
without having to, like, necessarily know what the

638
00:22:51,384 --> 00:22:52,125
key is.

639
00:22:52,424 --> 00:22:53,785
So yes and yes and no. I think

640
00:22:53,785 --> 00:22:55,305
that Okay. There's a little bit of an

641
00:22:55,305 --> 00:22:57,944
oversimplification that I absolutely don't wanna pretend that

642
00:22:57,944 --> 00:22:59,404
I know the answer to here. But

643
00:22:59,779 --> 00:23:01,380
what I thought I heard you say was

644
00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:03,940
that we can explore all at once. It's

645
00:23:03,940 --> 00:23:05,940
that the quantum computer can do it all

646
00:23:05,940 --> 00:23:07,819
at once. So we don't see that. Right.

647
00:23:07,819 --> 00:23:09,539
You know, we're not seeing all possibilities at

648
00:23:09,539 --> 00:23:10,839
once. We could not comprehend,

649
00:23:11,220 --> 00:23:12,919
let alone be able to witness.

650
00:23:13,355 --> 00:23:15,035
So it's it's more that we have an

651
00:23:15,035 --> 00:23:16,255
answer sitting over here

652
00:23:16,634 --> 00:23:18,815
and Quantum's figuring out what's the right question

653
00:23:19,195 --> 00:23:21,595
to that answer and we'll only provide you

654
00:23:21,595 --> 00:23:22,974
with what fits this lock

655
00:23:23,355 --> 00:23:25,529
after going through all the possibilities. Right. To

656
00:23:25,609 --> 00:23:27,049
To be able to explore all those possibilities,

657
00:23:27,049 --> 00:23:28,410
I have no idea what kind of access

658
00:23:28,410 --> 00:23:29,390
we have into that.

659
00:23:30,890 --> 00:23:33,210
Right. But that's but that's essentially, it seems

660
00:23:33,210 --> 00:23:35,390
to me, how this would solve that problem.

661
00:23:35,609 --> 00:23:37,309
Yeah. So that's all we care about. Right?

662
00:23:37,529 --> 00:23:39,210
We don't care about all the possibilities. We

663
00:23:39,210 --> 00:23:40,525
just care about the ones that lead where

664
00:23:40,525 --> 00:23:41,965
we're trying to go. Right. We're trying to

665
00:23:41,965 --> 00:23:44,125
break key. Exactly. Or yeah. Or you can

666
00:23:44,125 --> 00:23:46,365
look at Quantum like a skeleton key. Yeah.

667
00:23:46,365 --> 00:23:49,005
It just fits every lock, not because it's

668
00:23:49,005 --> 00:23:50,765
a skeleton key, but because it is every

669
00:23:50,765 --> 00:23:51,984
key at the same time.

670
00:23:53,119 --> 00:23:54,659
So when we say that

671
00:23:55,119 --> 00:23:56,419
you're going to have

672
00:23:56,960 --> 00:23:58,740
a quantum safe crypto

673
00:23:59,200 --> 00:23:59,700
algorithm,

674
00:24:00,319 --> 00:24:02,500
I'm not entirely certain how you could

675
00:24:03,359 --> 00:24:04,579
given that description.

676
00:24:05,575 --> 00:24:07,994
Well, you know, defense and offense is not

677
00:24:08,134 --> 00:24:09,914
you make something and now I've perfectly,

678
00:24:10,535 --> 00:24:11,815
an old that out, and then you make

679
00:24:11,815 --> 00:24:14,215
something, I know that out. It's something advances,

680
00:24:14,215 --> 00:24:17,434
something advances higher, something advances higher. So blockchain

681
00:24:17,575 --> 00:24:18,235
right now

682
00:24:18,599 --> 00:24:21,720
has created the system, Satoshi's model of proof

683
00:24:21,720 --> 00:24:23,000
of work, which we now use for proof

684
00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:25,019
of stake, proof of time, etcetera,

685
00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:27,420
that decentralized model that,

686
00:24:28,519 --> 00:24:30,440
makes it so hard of a complication in

687
00:24:30,440 --> 00:24:31,420
order to fit.

688
00:24:31,934 --> 00:24:34,335
That's the highest level of calculation that we

689
00:24:34,335 --> 00:24:36,194
have. That's why, you know, that's the crypto

690
00:24:36,414 --> 00:24:37,554
part of this.

691
00:24:38,174 --> 00:24:38,914
The quantum

692
00:24:39,454 --> 00:24:40,894
will be able to break that, but then

693
00:24:40,894 --> 00:24:42,674
you'll be able to do a quantum blockchain.

694
00:24:43,454 --> 00:24:44,815
So at the same time as you have

695
00:24:44,815 --> 00:24:45,794
the thing that kills

696
00:24:46,255 --> 00:24:46,755
the

697
00:24:47,069 --> 00:24:47,809
regular blockchain

698
00:24:48,190 --> 00:24:50,529
you have the potential of the quantum blockchain

699
00:24:50,669 --> 00:24:52,509
which can be just as simple as a

700
00:24:52,509 --> 00:24:53,009
crypto,

701
00:24:54,990 --> 00:24:57,089
what's the word I used before entropy.

702
00:24:57,630 --> 00:25:00,450
You can just basically create the entropy key

703
00:25:00,914 --> 00:25:02,835
on top of the crypto you have now.

704
00:25:02,835 --> 00:25:04,515
And that's what the government's doing when they're

705
00:25:04,515 --> 00:25:05,235
talking about,

706
00:25:05,955 --> 00:25:08,035
making sure that files just files not like

707
00:25:08,035 --> 00:25:10,215
blockchain anything are crypto safe.

708
00:25:10,835 --> 00:25:13,394
It's creating those those hashes that are on

709
00:25:13,394 --> 00:25:15,475
a crypto level rather than those hashes that

710
00:25:15,475 --> 00:25:17,470
are just on a regular compute level.

711
00:25:18,089 --> 00:25:19,230
So just feeding

712
00:25:19,769 --> 00:25:21,710
the key or the the

713
00:25:22,330 --> 00:25:24,029
seed for the hash

714
00:25:25,289 --> 00:25:26,509
with a more complex

715
00:25:28,009 --> 00:25:28,990
or a longer

716
00:25:29,615 --> 00:25:32,355
key or hash, which ramps up the complexity

717
00:25:33,535 --> 00:25:34,994
in a way that makes it

718
00:25:35,455 --> 00:25:35,955
harder

719
00:25:36,494 --> 00:25:38,355
to explore the entire space.

720
00:25:39,134 --> 00:25:41,775
Right. What what I'm hoping, because this can't

721
00:25:41,855 --> 00:25:43,875
isn't proven yet, is that

722
00:25:44,500 --> 00:25:45,720
defense naturally

723
00:25:46,259 --> 00:25:48,419
wins over over offense when all things are

724
00:25:48,419 --> 00:25:50,900
being equal. So a quantum computer can break

725
00:25:50,900 --> 00:25:53,539
anything that's not quantum, but a quantum computer

726
00:25:53,539 --> 00:25:54,839
can't play like a blockchain,

727
00:25:56,259 --> 00:25:59,244
quantum without itself needing, you know, thousands of

728
00:25:59,244 --> 00:26:01,025
years or whatever to to

729
00:26:01,325 --> 00:26:03,005
to break it. That's a one to one

730
00:26:03,005 --> 00:26:05,244
analogy. I don't know if that's proper or

731
00:26:05,244 --> 00:26:06,865
not. I'm theorizing here.

732
00:26:07,404 --> 00:26:09,724
I'm hoping that stays the case because we've

733
00:26:09,724 --> 00:26:10,705
got to rely on

734
00:26:11,509 --> 00:26:13,349
some parts of reality sticking through as we

735
00:26:13,349 --> 00:26:14,169
go through this.

736
00:26:14,950 --> 00:26:15,450
Yeah.

737
00:26:15,990 --> 00:26:16,970
Yeah. Very interesting.

738
00:26:17,269 --> 00:26:19,509
So that was that was one. There were

739
00:26:19,509 --> 00:26:20,009
other

740
00:26:20,470 --> 00:26:22,890
other than breaking blockchain, there were other

741
00:26:23,765 --> 00:26:24,904
predictions you had

742
00:26:25,365 --> 00:26:27,605
about what's coming this year. Any one of

743
00:26:27,605 --> 00:26:30,085
those you wanna talk about first? No. Not

744
00:26:30,085 --> 00:26:31,144
really. Tom?

745
00:26:32,085 --> 00:26:33,605
No. Let's just hear him. What's on your

746
00:26:33,605 --> 00:26:35,845
mind? I don't know. I'm trying to prime

747
00:26:35,845 --> 00:26:37,204
you guys because I don't remember what I

748
00:26:37,204 --> 00:26:38,984
said. I'm trying to remember.

749
00:26:40,380 --> 00:26:41,700
It's like, no. There's more choice we're trying

750
00:26:41,700 --> 00:26:43,740
to get to, like, because because there's still

751
00:26:43,740 --> 00:26:44,799
many damn things.

752
00:26:46,140 --> 00:26:48,559
Well, let's let's talk about quantum and AI.

753
00:26:48,940 --> 00:26:51,100
Yeah. So what is the intersection there that

754
00:26:51,100 --> 00:26:51,840
you find

755
00:26:52,605 --> 00:26:53,105
fascinating?

756
00:26:53,404 --> 00:26:55,085
Because I, like, I, like, have my own

757
00:26:55,085 --> 00:26:57,184
thoughts about AI, but it's another entire

758
00:26:58,204 --> 00:27:00,224
realm. It's philosophical. It's epistemology,

759
00:27:01,085 --> 00:27:02,625
stuff like that. So

760
00:27:03,005 --> 00:27:04,704
what about AI and quantum?

761
00:27:05,179 --> 00:27:07,599
Do you find that that particular combination

762
00:27:08,299 --> 00:27:09,200
to be fascinating?

763
00:27:10,140 --> 00:27:10,640
So

764
00:27:11,179 --> 00:27:12,380
well, I mean, we hinted at this a

765
00:27:12,380 --> 00:27:14,480
little bit with the maze. There's a way,

766
00:27:15,579 --> 00:27:17,839
think of AI as software.

767
00:27:18,734 --> 00:27:20,515
Think of quantum as hardware.

768
00:27:21,454 --> 00:27:23,295
And even that's an analogy in and of

769
00:27:23,295 --> 00:27:25,535
itself, but even though it sounds like it's

770
00:27:25,535 --> 00:27:26,674
exactly one to one.

771
00:27:27,375 --> 00:27:28,674
But how is,

772
00:27:29,535 --> 00:27:30,035
AI

773
00:27:30,575 --> 00:27:31,875
going through the maze?

774
00:27:32,500 --> 00:27:33,159
It is

775
00:27:33,619 --> 00:27:37,220
building probabilistic behavior that it's learning from and

776
00:27:37,220 --> 00:27:39,539
referring back to. And that's why we keep

777
00:27:39,539 --> 00:27:41,640
thinking AI is sentient because it has recall.

778
00:27:42,819 --> 00:27:44,339
You know, a thousand tokens or a million

779
00:27:44,339 --> 00:27:45,955
tokens or whatever it is, but, you know,

780
00:27:45,955 --> 00:27:47,174
enough for recall.

781
00:27:47,555 --> 00:27:50,275
And then it keeps building that into from

782
00:27:50,275 --> 00:27:53,174
memory into behavior that it can reference.

783
00:27:55,075 --> 00:27:56,295
That by itself

784
00:27:56,595 --> 00:27:57,095
is

785
00:27:57,475 --> 00:27:57,975
intelligence.

786
00:27:58,674 --> 00:28:00,940
You know, it's this augmented intelligence or separated

787
00:28:00,940 --> 00:28:02,700
intelligence. We're trying to argue about what kind

788
00:28:02,700 --> 00:28:04,319
of intelligence it is, but it's an intelligence.

789
00:28:06,059 --> 00:28:08,380
The AI side of that sorry. The quantum

790
00:28:08,380 --> 00:28:10,619
side of that is this probabilistic where it's

791
00:28:10,619 --> 00:28:13,420
just proof forcing through all of reality because

792
00:28:13,420 --> 00:28:14,319
we have the

793
00:28:15,275 --> 00:28:17,275
benefit of living in only one slice of

794
00:28:17,275 --> 00:28:17,934
a possibility

795
00:28:18,474 --> 00:28:20,234
instead of everything all at once. So we're

796
00:28:20,234 --> 00:28:21,214
living with this

797
00:28:21,595 --> 00:28:22,095
multidimensional

798
00:28:22,554 --> 00:28:23,054
thing

799
00:28:23,994 --> 00:28:26,075
in our one dimensional world. Where if you

800
00:28:26,075 --> 00:28:28,575
combine those two things, where you're adding

801
00:28:28,990 --> 00:28:31,710
a multi dimensional capability of brute force all

802
00:28:31,710 --> 00:28:32,210
possibility

803
00:28:33,069 --> 00:28:34,049
with a

804
00:28:34,509 --> 00:28:35,009
transformer

805
00:28:35,869 --> 00:28:36,369
software

806
00:28:36,990 --> 00:28:38,049
that is all about

807
00:28:38,509 --> 00:28:40,690
learning and the probability on that.

808
00:28:41,434 --> 00:28:43,434
On the one hand, we can think about

809
00:28:43,434 --> 00:28:45,755
today's technology and just talk about, wow, I

810
00:28:45,755 --> 00:28:47,775
mean, that's probably what's gonna bring the singularity

811
00:28:48,075 --> 00:28:50,075
and that's basically the turbo boost AI that

812
00:28:50,075 --> 00:28:51,054
we're thinking of.

813
00:28:51,674 --> 00:28:54,634
But think more philosophically about it, what those

814
00:28:54,634 --> 00:28:56,174
really can mean to put those together.

815
00:28:56,670 --> 00:28:57,650
You have multidimensional

816
00:28:58,109 --> 00:28:58,609
AI.

817
00:28:59,230 --> 00:29:00,990
And I mean, we're in Douglas Adams space

818
00:29:00,990 --> 00:29:01,490
now.

819
00:29:03,390 --> 00:29:05,230
We're going to be getting to these things

820
00:29:05,230 --> 00:29:07,710
where if you're thinking about something that can

821
00:29:07,710 --> 00:29:10,910
learn probability over time of all things that

822
00:29:10,910 --> 00:29:11,570
are possible,

823
00:29:13,464 --> 00:29:14,924
It's it's almost like it's

824
00:29:16,345 --> 00:29:18,105
I I dare saying this because I don't

825
00:29:18,105 --> 00:29:19,544
even know what this hell this sounds like,

826
00:29:19,544 --> 00:29:20,044
but

827
00:29:20,825 --> 00:29:21,325
creating

828
00:29:22,024 --> 00:29:22,524
a,

829
00:29:23,704 --> 00:29:25,484
a reality as it goes,

830
00:29:26,829 --> 00:29:27,970
if that makes sense.

831
00:29:28,589 --> 00:29:31,710
Because it's saying, okay, what reality am I

832
00:29:31,710 --> 00:29:33,950
referring to here? What reality am I referring

833
00:29:33,950 --> 00:29:36,190
to here? And then learning back about what

834
00:29:36,190 --> 00:29:38,269
I just did. I'm going through the maze

835
00:29:38,269 --> 00:29:40,190
all the time at once and yet also

836
00:29:40,190 --> 00:29:41,569
learning while I'm doing it.

837
00:29:42,605 --> 00:29:44,545
Does that even make any sense at all?

838
00:29:45,565 --> 00:29:46,065
Possibly.

839
00:29:46,445 --> 00:29:49,025
Possibly. I'm I'm not I'm not certain it's

840
00:29:49,565 --> 00:29:52,045
metaphysically coherent at this point. I would have

841
00:29:52,045 --> 00:29:53,244
to think about it. I would have to

842
00:29:53,244 --> 00:29:54,900
think about it more. But I'll put it

843
00:29:54,980 --> 00:29:56,500
I'll Google through the analogy of the the

844
00:29:56,500 --> 00:29:59,000
electron then. So with the cloud, right, that

845
00:29:59,140 --> 00:30:00,259
we can do it on a quantum level

846
00:30:00,259 --> 00:30:02,340
because we'd say, okay, probability. We know where

847
00:30:02,340 --> 00:30:03,859
where it is because we can say the

848
00:30:03,859 --> 00:30:05,400
electrons everywhere all at once.

849
00:30:05,700 --> 00:30:07,059
Now we have AI to say, okay, based

850
00:30:07,059 --> 00:30:08,580
on everywhere all at once, where is it

851
00:30:08,580 --> 00:30:09,080
really?

852
00:30:09,664 --> 00:30:11,024
Great. Pick an anchor point. We can do

853
00:30:11,024 --> 00:30:12,704
it. But if you add AI on top

854
00:30:12,704 --> 00:30:13,284
of that,

855
00:30:13,825 --> 00:30:15,825
you can create the behavior. You can predict

856
00:30:15,825 --> 00:30:16,484
the behavior

857
00:30:17,105 --> 00:30:18,005
of that electron.

858
00:30:18,865 --> 00:30:20,784
You can see what it did every other

859
00:30:20,784 --> 00:30:23,150
time before this. Happy Pi Day by by

860
00:30:23,150 --> 00:30:23,809
the way.

861
00:30:24,589 --> 00:30:25,950
I just love that we're recording this on

862
00:30:25,950 --> 00:30:27,009
03/2014.

863
00:30:28,269 --> 00:30:29,730
So put put all that

864
00:30:30,109 --> 00:30:31,490
together and you're getting

865
00:30:32,750 --> 00:30:33,250
predictive

866
00:30:34,349 --> 00:30:34,849
intelligence

867
00:30:35,255 --> 00:30:37,255
cause that's basically what a gen AI is

868
00:30:37,255 --> 00:30:38,615
right now and I don't wanna pretend what

869
00:30:38,615 --> 00:30:39,815
comes after that.

870
00:30:40,855 --> 00:30:41,674
Mixed with

871
00:30:42,055 --> 00:30:42,955
multiple probability

872
00:30:43,335 --> 00:30:45,755
blockchain. Sorry. Multiple probability quantum.

873
00:30:46,934 --> 00:30:47,434
Interesting.

874
00:30:48,490 --> 00:30:48,990
So

875
00:30:51,130 --> 00:30:53,150
where do you think this takes us,

876
00:30:54,809 --> 00:30:56,509
from our perception of truth?

877
00:30:57,769 --> 00:30:58,669
Like, epistemology.

878
00:30:59,690 --> 00:31:00,909
Mhmm. Because

879
00:31:02,464 --> 00:31:04,484
I would I would argue that

880
00:31:04,865 --> 00:31:06,625
one of the major problems with AI right

881
00:31:06,625 --> 00:31:07,125
now

882
00:31:07,664 --> 00:31:10,164
is that it doesn't actually seek truth.

883
00:31:11,424 --> 00:31:13,605
It seeks the appearance of truth.

884
00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:16,099
That which

885
00:31:16,559 --> 00:31:19,039
which is why we think it's artificially intelligent

886
00:31:19,039 --> 00:31:21,140
because its answers are always plausible.

887
00:31:22,079 --> 00:31:24,400
Mhmm. And it does it doesn't actually seek

888
00:31:24,400 --> 00:31:25,859
truth. It seeks plausibility.

889
00:31:27,464 --> 00:31:28,904
And then, by the way, there there's a

890
00:31:28,904 --> 00:31:30,904
lot of philosophy behind this in in other

891
00:31:30,904 --> 00:31:32,285
areas, but go ahead, Tom.

892
00:31:33,144 --> 00:31:35,144
I would just kinda going back to the

893
00:31:35,144 --> 00:31:36,444
electron cloud model,

894
00:31:36,984 --> 00:31:38,424
you know, one of the reasons we use

895
00:31:38,424 --> 00:31:39,404
that is because

896
00:31:40,059 --> 00:31:42,059
the the probability of where any place that

897
00:31:42,059 --> 00:31:43,500
it might be is is good enough for

898
00:31:43,500 --> 00:31:46,220
our purposes. Yeah. We don't actually need to

899
00:31:46,220 --> 00:31:48,700
know the precise location of the electron. Right?

900
00:31:48,700 --> 00:31:50,380
We can build all sorts of things without

901
00:31:50,380 --> 00:31:53,085
knowing the precise. And and we certainly in

902
00:31:53,085 --> 00:31:54,525
that way of thinking, I'm not saying this

903
00:31:54,525 --> 00:31:55,724
is the way everyone should think, but in

904
00:31:55,724 --> 00:31:57,484
that way of thinking, we certainly don't need

905
00:31:57,484 --> 00:31:59,424
to know where the electron was two microseconds

906
00:31:59,565 --> 00:32:01,325
ago. Or how you know, whatever that scale

907
00:32:01,325 --> 00:32:03,484
that unit is wrong. But like like where

908
00:32:03,484 --> 00:32:05,085
where was it a little bit ago and

909
00:32:05,085 --> 00:32:06,625
where was it a little bit before that?

910
00:32:06,820 --> 00:32:08,900
Not useful for us. We actually don't have

911
00:32:08,900 --> 00:32:10,500
the capability to harness it even if we

912
00:32:10,500 --> 00:32:12,200
knew that. And so,

913
00:32:12,740 --> 00:32:14,420
you know, with the Electron Cloud model as

914
00:32:14,420 --> 00:32:15,080
sort of

915
00:32:15,460 --> 00:32:16,680
a a base for us.

916
00:32:17,059 --> 00:32:19,220
Truths would be, well, two units of time

917
00:32:19,220 --> 00:32:21,299
ago the Electron was here, but does that

918
00:32:21,299 --> 00:32:23,724
help us? What is what what does that

919
00:32:23,724 --> 00:32:25,724
do for us, and what what possibilities does

920
00:32:25,724 --> 00:32:26,384
that enable?

921
00:32:27,085 --> 00:32:27,585
Yeah.

922
00:32:28,045 --> 00:32:29,805
And and and that'd be before you jump

923
00:32:29,805 --> 00:32:31,724
in, Jamie, I'll just say Yeah. That's actually

924
00:32:31,724 --> 00:32:33,505
what's useful about quantum.

925
00:32:34,204 --> 00:32:37,259
Is it just like you're saying, Tom, we

926
00:32:37,259 --> 00:32:39,519
can build useful things without knowing.

927
00:32:40,139 --> 00:32:41,039
And in fact,

928
00:32:41,579 --> 00:32:43,599
there in many ways we cannot know.

929
00:32:44,460 --> 00:32:45,919
Because once we know,

930
00:32:46,380 --> 00:32:47,759
we lose other information.

931
00:32:48,539 --> 00:32:50,720
Data itself is a trade off, right?

932
00:32:51,605 --> 00:32:54,765
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, right? I can say, if

933
00:32:54,765 --> 00:32:57,305
I can measure the location of this electron,

934
00:32:57,845 --> 00:33:00,424
once I have measured it, it is impossible

935
00:33:00,644 --> 00:33:01,384
for me

936
00:33:01,845 --> 00:33:03,785
to measure the vector

937
00:33:04,880 --> 00:33:06,880
of that electron, where it's going. Because you've

938
00:33:06,880 --> 00:33:08,240
changed it by observing it. Because you've changed

939
00:33:08,240 --> 00:33:09,619
it by measuring it. Right?

940
00:33:10,079 --> 00:33:12,579
So the usefulness comes from suspending

941
00:33:12,960 --> 00:33:13,460
disbelief

942
00:33:14,240 --> 00:33:15,940
or suspending the importance

943
00:33:16,720 --> 00:33:18,799
of knowing where it is and where it's

944
00:33:18,799 --> 00:33:19,299
going

945
00:33:19,994 --> 00:33:23,295
and building something outside of that based on

946
00:33:23,515 --> 00:33:24,255
the probability.

947
00:33:24,875 --> 00:33:26,875
So quantum seems to me to have that

948
00:33:26,875 --> 00:33:27,695
same principle.

949
00:33:28,234 --> 00:33:30,575
I don't really care what the

950
00:33:31,115 --> 00:33:33,535
what the particular translation from this

951
00:33:34,309 --> 00:33:36,490
space to that particular space is.

952
00:33:37,349 --> 00:33:39,349
I care about the probability and what can

953
00:33:39,349 --> 00:33:40,730
I can do that's useful

954
00:33:41,429 --> 00:33:42,730
based on that probability?

955
00:33:44,470 --> 00:33:46,470
So I'm so glad I didn't jump in

956
00:33:46,470 --> 00:33:47,910
there because that adds so much to where

957
00:33:47,910 --> 00:33:49,049
I wanted to go anyway.

958
00:33:50,375 --> 00:33:52,154
Think of the the photon split,

959
00:33:52,534 --> 00:33:54,294
point, you know, like it it I don't

960
00:33:54,294 --> 00:33:55,335
know where it falls on the hands, but

961
00:33:55,335 --> 00:33:56,214
what do you get? You get a bell

962
00:33:56,214 --> 00:33:57,115
curve of probability.

963
00:33:57,654 --> 00:34:00,534
So from our human minds, we go, I

964
00:34:00,534 --> 00:34:01,734
guess that means it's at the top of

965
00:34:01,734 --> 00:34:04,259
the bell curve. No, it's still everywhere all

966
00:34:04,259 --> 00:34:06,519
at once. It's just it's still just probability.

967
00:34:06,579 --> 00:34:09,079
And what you're learning is it's a probability.

968
00:34:09,139 --> 00:34:10,280
Here's its probabilities.

969
00:34:11,219 --> 00:34:11,719
So,

970
00:34:12,739 --> 00:34:14,099
you have to go back to the human

971
00:34:14,099 --> 00:34:14,599
condition

972
00:34:15,300 --> 00:34:15,800
of

973
00:34:16,664 --> 00:34:17,164
our

974
00:34:17,545 --> 00:34:20,204
rock and a hard place of being stuck

975
00:34:20,505 --> 00:34:21,485
in this body

976
00:34:22,425 --> 00:34:23,565
but with the imagination,

977
00:34:25,704 --> 00:34:27,005
you know, that is unlimited.

978
00:34:27,545 --> 00:34:29,324
So we've been living through

979
00:34:30,019 --> 00:34:32,019
what is the future look like? What's going

980
00:34:32,019 --> 00:34:33,719
to happen beyond us? What happened before

981
00:34:34,260 --> 00:34:35,940
us? What is probability like we're able to

982
00:34:35,940 --> 00:34:36,920
have these conversations

983
00:34:37,380 --> 00:34:38,199
to a point.

984
00:34:38,500 --> 00:34:40,099
But there's no way for us to live

985
00:34:40,099 --> 00:34:42,019
in a lot of this stuff. And you're

986
00:34:42,019 --> 00:34:44,039
talking about these limits like we have truths.

987
00:34:44,704 --> 00:34:46,005
Like your shirt

988
00:34:46,385 --> 00:34:49,105
is brown and blue and white. No, it

989
00:34:49,105 --> 00:34:50,804
isn't. That's my interpretation

990
00:34:51,184 --> 00:34:52,864
of it. You know, a bird's gonna look

991
00:34:52,864 --> 00:34:54,864
at that and see the the different frequencies

992
00:34:54,864 --> 00:34:56,545
and the ultraviolet stuff. And and you're and

993
00:34:56,545 --> 00:34:58,065
the colored one person's gonna see it different

994
00:34:58,065 --> 00:35:00,380
too. Truth is something that we invented.

995
00:35:01,559 --> 00:35:03,800
Math only exists because we're capable of seeing

996
00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:05,719
it. There's other things in the quantum realm

997
00:35:05,719 --> 00:35:08,059
that we're gonna start seeing that are there

998
00:35:08,839 --> 00:35:11,000
only because of our interpretation of it. They're

999
00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:11,819
always guardrails.

1000
00:35:12,355 --> 00:35:12,855
Observation

1001
00:35:13,155 --> 00:35:14,775
always changes the definition

1002
00:35:15,235 --> 00:35:16,695
no matter what it is.

1003
00:35:17,075 --> 00:35:19,335
So the observer effect creates

1004
00:35:19,795 --> 00:35:22,114
the guardrails of a definition of something. All

1005
00:35:22,114 --> 00:35:23,335
definitions are

1006
00:35:24,035 --> 00:35:25,255
not fully encompassing

1007
00:35:25,635 --> 00:35:27,809
no matter what they are. So if you

1008
00:35:27,809 --> 00:35:29,989
if you think from that perspective of our

1009
00:35:30,530 --> 00:35:33,250
limited human capacity, our curse of being able

1010
00:35:33,250 --> 00:35:33,750
to

1011
00:35:34,130 --> 00:35:36,150
know way more than we're capable of experiencing

1012
00:35:36,690 --> 00:35:37,190
or

1013
00:35:37,730 --> 00:35:39,829
imagine way more than we're capable of experiencing

1014
00:35:40,930 --> 00:35:41,989
that plays into

1015
00:35:42,764 --> 00:35:44,605
a lot of this in terms of looking

1016
00:35:44,605 --> 00:35:45,105
at

1017
00:35:45,644 --> 00:35:47,585
the the cloud or seeing what what probability

1018
00:35:47,804 --> 00:35:48,545
is or

1019
00:35:49,085 --> 00:35:51,324
how we're trying to define something because we

1020
00:35:51,324 --> 00:35:53,424
have to get our heads into a quantum

1021
00:35:54,630 --> 00:35:56,710
space rather than, I'll go to Marvel and

1022
00:35:56,710 --> 00:35:57,210
what

1023
00:35:57,510 --> 00:35:58,809
if? You know, they're

1024
00:35:59,109 --> 00:36:01,109
they're stuck in the multiverse stuff like they're

1025
00:36:01,109 --> 00:36:02,409
tripping into that space

1026
00:36:02,869 --> 00:36:05,049
and they're trying to explain it all away

1027
00:36:05,109 --> 00:36:06,630
and you end up with this this whole

1028
00:36:06,630 --> 00:36:08,710
thing of like finding the different timelines and

1029
00:36:08,710 --> 00:36:09,210
everything.

1030
00:36:09,575 --> 00:36:11,575
They are explaining the quantum to us both,

1031
00:36:11,575 --> 00:36:13,735
you know, the quantum realm and also on

1032
00:36:13,735 --> 00:36:15,655
the super timeline of all the universe. Same

1033
00:36:15,655 --> 00:36:16,934
rules apply all the way at the top

1034
00:36:16,934 --> 00:36:18,135
and all the way at the bottom. We're

1035
00:36:18,135 --> 00:36:18,954
back to probabilities.

1036
00:36:19,815 --> 00:36:22,215
So, you know, even Disney can help with

1037
00:36:22,215 --> 00:36:23,515
moving us in this direction.

1038
00:36:26,239 --> 00:36:27,380
Okay. So

1039
00:36:28,159 --> 00:36:28,659
AI

1040
00:36:29,039 --> 00:36:31,860
or LLMs. I hate using the word AI

1041
00:36:32,079 --> 00:36:35,139
because AI is, like, has a specific meaning,

1042
00:36:35,199 --> 00:36:37,300
and we just apply it to everything,

1043
00:36:37,679 --> 00:36:40,594
like, regardless. We're like, oh, it's AI. Well,

1044
00:36:40,594 --> 00:36:42,594
we used to call expert systems AI. Now

1045
00:36:42,594 --> 00:36:45,155
we call LLMs AI. Like, we just like

1046
00:36:45,235 --> 00:36:46,135
it's it's

1047
00:36:46,514 --> 00:36:47,974
okay. Call it it's an LLM.

1048
00:36:48,514 --> 00:36:50,534
It's a large language model. Right?

1049
00:36:50,980 --> 00:36:53,219
It it may be within the the you

1050
00:36:53,219 --> 00:36:54,900
may be able to classify it within the

1051
00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:55,880
realm of AI,

1052
00:36:56,260 --> 00:36:56,760
but,

1053
00:36:57,140 --> 00:36:59,140
you know, we tend to over we tend

1054
00:36:59,140 --> 00:37:01,079
to overplay our classification here.

1055
00:37:01,539 --> 00:37:02,360
So LLMs

1056
00:37:02,660 --> 00:37:05,320
and quantum, and then we talked about crypto

1057
00:37:06,525 --> 00:37:08,304
and the impact on

1058
00:37:08,605 --> 00:37:10,545
which is not just a blockchain problem.

1059
00:37:10,844 --> 00:37:11,744
It's an overall

1060
00:37:12,045 --> 00:37:12,545
problem

1061
00:37:12,844 --> 00:37:14,704
for all crypto. Right?

1062
00:37:15,085 --> 00:37:18,144
That Oh, of course. Yeah. Because because crypto

1063
00:37:18,204 --> 00:37:20,840
is actually predicated. We tend to think that

1064
00:37:20,840 --> 00:37:22,699
crypto is predicated on the idea

1065
00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:25,320
that I'm gonna protect this information forever, and

1066
00:37:25,320 --> 00:37:26,780
that's absolutely untrue.

1067
00:37:27,559 --> 00:37:30,840
Crypto is predicated on the idea that there

1068
00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:32,780
is a time value to information.

1069
00:37:33,824 --> 00:37:35,425
And as long as I can keep you

1070
00:37:35,425 --> 00:37:36,644
from getting the information

1071
00:37:37,425 --> 00:37:40,405
before its value runs out in time,

1072
00:37:42,224 --> 00:37:44,164
then I have done good enough.

1073
00:37:44,864 --> 00:37:46,864
Because frankly, there's there's no way to protect

1074
00:37:46,864 --> 00:37:47,925
information forever.

1075
00:37:48,389 --> 00:37:49,909
I mean, there's always a way to break

1076
00:37:49,909 --> 00:37:52,409
crypto. It's just a matter of how long

1077
00:37:52,469 --> 00:37:53,449
do you wanna take

1078
00:37:53,750 --> 00:37:54,809
and how many resources.

1079
00:37:55,429 --> 00:37:56,489
So it's like

1080
00:37:57,349 --> 00:37:58,809
building your house

1081
00:37:59,109 --> 00:38:01,049
so that it takes the burglar

1082
00:38:01,510 --> 00:38:03,510
two hours to break in instead of ten

1083
00:38:03,510 --> 00:38:04,010
minutes.

1084
00:38:04,994 --> 00:38:06,514
And it takes them a set set of

1085
00:38:06,514 --> 00:38:09,875
specialized tools, right, to break in instead of

1086
00:38:09,875 --> 00:38:12,214
just a hammer or just a flat bar.

1087
00:38:12,994 --> 00:38:14,694
Well, you've made you've made

1088
00:38:15,234 --> 00:38:17,655
the contents of the house are not worth

1089
00:38:18,355 --> 00:38:19,655
breaking in for

1090
00:38:20,250 --> 00:38:21,929
if it's gonna take me that much more

1091
00:38:21,929 --> 00:38:22,429
effort.

1092
00:38:22,890 --> 00:38:25,050
Like, there's a time value here. There's two

1093
00:38:25,050 --> 00:38:26,890
giant concepts you've just jumped in on here,

1094
00:38:26,890 --> 00:38:28,329
but I wanna make sure you finish your

1095
00:38:28,329 --> 00:38:30,250
sentence. No. It's fine. Yeah. That's that's what

1096
00:38:30,250 --> 00:38:32,650
I'm thinking. Like, so Yeah. For all of

1097
00:38:32,650 --> 00:38:33,150
crypto,

1098
00:38:33,530 --> 00:38:36,485
what what quantum really does is

1099
00:38:36,945 --> 00:38:37,765
it inverts

1100
00:38:38,305 --> 00:38:39,525
or breaks down

1101
00:38:39,985 --> 00:38:41,365
the time it takes

1102
00:38:42,945 --> 00:38:43,445
to

1103
00:38:43,744 --> 00:38:45,765
find this the clear text

1104
00:38:46,625 --> 00:38:47,845
instead of the ciphertext,

1105
00:38:49,345 --> 00:38:51,365
which then makes going after

1106
00:38:51,909 --> 00:38:54,409
less expensive or less valuable information

1107
00:38:55,190 --> 00:38:55,690
worthwhile

1108
00:38:56,789 --> 00:38:57,849
in a sense. So

1109
00:38:58,230 --> 00:38:58,630
do you,

1110
00:38:59,269 --> 00:39:01,449
one of the newer kinds of astrophysics

1111
00:39:01,989 --> 00:39:02,489
and,

1112
00:39:03,349 --> 00:39:05,030
things that people talk about with black holes

1113
00:39:05,030 --> 00:39:06,409
and stuff is,

1114
00:39:07,194 --> 00:39:08,494
there's another kind

1115
00:39:09,835 --> 00:39:11,355
of matter. I don't even know what you

1116
00:39:11,355 --> 00:39:12,014
call it,

1117
00:39:12,474 --> 00:39:13,214
that exists

1118
00:39:13,514 --> 00:39:16,074
in the universe because we are in a

1119
00:39:16,074 --> 00:39:16,574
time,

1120
00:39:18,155 --> 00:39:18,655
bar,

1121
00:39:19,994 --> 00:39:20,494
information.

1122
00:39:21,690 --> 00:39:22,829
It's kind of the,

1123
00:39:23,849 --> 00:39:26,730
the alignment with with entropy. The universe is

1124
00:39:26,730 --> 00:39:29,070
going from is going is moving towards entropy.

1125
00:39:29,289 --> 00:39:30,429
But along the way,

1126
00:39:31,130 --> 00:39:32,429
you can always slice,

1127
00:39:32,889 --> 00:39:34,570
the universe up into time and see what

1128
00:39:34,570 --> 00:39:37,005
information is where. And so there's this idea,

1129
00:39:37,005 --> 00:39:38,684
like, the black holes can can they erase

1130
00:39:38,684 --> 00:39:39,744
information or not?

1131
00:39:40,045 --> 00:39:41,824
But the point being there is

1132
00:39:42,525 --> 00:39:44,284
on that level, that's one of the deep

1133
00:39:44,284 --> 00:39:45,885
things that I think is worth going in

1134
00:39:45,885 --> 00:39:47,184
here. Quantum,

1135
00:39:47,565 --> 00:39:49,344
because it transcends its all possibilities,

1136
00:39:49,789 --> 00:39:52,269
it's able to know information before and after

1137
00:39:52,269 --> 00:39:52,769
something.

1138
00:39:53,070 --> 00:39:54,429
So, you know, it's the same thing as

1139
00:39:54,429 --> 00:39:55,550
like if you if you have a piece

1140
00:39:55,550 --> 00:39:57,789
of paper and you burn it, so it's

1141
00:39:57,789 --> 00:39:59,469
ash. There's no way to put that back

1142
00:39:59,469 --> 00:39:59,969
together.

1143
00:40:00,269 --> 00:40:03,150
However, theoretically, there is. Theoretically, you can get

1144
00:40:03,150 --> 00:40:05,054
the atoms back together in a way you

1145
00:40:05,054 --> 00:40:07,714
can not reverse time but actually rebuild it

1146
00:40:07,855 --> 00:40:08,914
so that it is

1147
00:40:09,375 --> 00:40:11,375
what the information held before that that is

1148
00:40:11,375 --> 00:40:12,355
in there somewhere.

1149
00:40:13,214 --> 00:40:15,474
And it's theoretical but that that point being

1150
00:40:16,014 --> 00:40:17,074
what from there

1151
00:40:17,534 --> 00:40:19,554
is accessible on a quantum

1152
00:40:20,390 --> 00:40:21,530
level to explore.

1153
00:40:21,989 --> 00:40:23,130
The idea of

1154
00:40:24,150 --> 00:40:27,530
data as it exists through time and changing

1155
00:40:27,590 --> 00:40:28,329
through time.

1156
00:40:29,110 --> 00:40:31,349
The other one is, and this is just

1157
00:40:31,349 --> 00:40:32,489
because you brought up LLMs,

1158
00:40:33,585 --> 00:40:36,484
the advancement of large language models.

1159
00:40:37,105 --> 00:40:38,784
And this is, I think, a really simple

1160
00:40:38,784 --> 00:40:40,724
way of describing where we're going with quantum.

1161
00:40:41,505 --> 00:40:43,445
One of the things that just came out

1162
00:40:43,664 --> 00:40:47,045
since we spoke last is large concept models.

1163
00:40:47,780 --> 00:40:49,719
It's another way of thinking. It's it's like

1164
00:40:50,019 --> 00:40:51,400
one thing past reasoning

1165
00:40:51,780 --> 00:40:54,199
because reasoning is like layered large language models.

1166
00:40:54,260 --> 00:40:56,440
Large concept models is I've got a concept

1167
00:40:57,300 --> 00:40:58,359
and then I'm going

1168
00:40:59,380 --> 00:41:00,739
to AI through it. I'm not even gonna

1169
00:41:00,739 --> 00:41:01,800
explain but

1170
00:41:02,264 --> 00:41:04,264
you can see down the road. I don't

1171
00:41:04,264 --> 00:41:06,204
have time to go into that. But like

1172
00:41:06,505 --> 00:41:06,904
what,

1173
00:41:07,385 --> 00:41:09,005
you can see down the road is large

1174
00:41:09,065 --> 00:41:09,565
probability

1175
00:41:10,105 --> 00:41:10,605
models.

1176
00:41:10,984 --> 00:41:11,484
Wait

1177
00:41:11,864 --> 00:41:12,525
a second.

1178
00:41:13,065 --> 00:41:15,164
Now we have within AI language

1179
00:41:16,820 --> 00:41:18,440
this way of using quantum

1180
00:41:18,980 --> 00:41:20,920
in the Gen AI structure,

1181
00:41:21,940 --> 00:41:22,440
large

1182
00:41:23,140 --> 00:41:25,559
probability models. Because in and of itself,

1183
00:41:26,019 --> 00:41:27,960
we are so so so nascent

1184
00:41:28,260 --> 00:41:29,460
with all of this stuff that all we

1185
00:41:29,460 --> 00:41:31,320
do is like we focus on a probability.

1186
00:41:32,154 --> 00:41:35,194
Right? But once you have multiple probabilities and

1187
00:41:35,194 --> 00:41:37,674
you start getting an emergence of data turning

1188
00:41:37,674 --> 00:41:38,494
into insights,

1189
00:41:38,954 --> 00:41:41,375
if you make a large probability model,

1190
00:41:42,394 --> 00:41:44,635
what is that? What does that allow for?

1191
00:41:44,635 --> 00:41:45,855
That's one of the things

1192
00:41:46,230 --> 00:41:47,690
that we can aim towards.

1193
00:41:48,150 --> 00:41:49,909
I have no idea what the hell an

1194
00:41:49,909 --> 00:41:50,969
LPM is,

1195
00:41:51,349 --> 00:41:51,849
but

1196
00:41:52,789 --> 00:41:54,389
there's an idea in your head of what

1197
00:41:54,389 --> 00:41:55,210
that could be

1198
00:41:55,909 --> 00:41:58,630
of putting multiple probabilities together. And that's kind

1199
00:41:58,630 --> 00:42:00,170
of what I was getting at with, like,

1200
00:42:00,924 --> 00:42:03,885
tracking two electrons and tracking eight and everything.

1201
00:42:03,885 --> 00:42:05,264
What do you get when you get

1202
00:42:06,204 --> 00:42:07,585
multiple amounts of probabilities

1203
00:42:07,964 --> 00:42:10,144
relating to each other and creating probabilistic,

1204
00:42:11,565 --> 00:42:14,045
outcomes and reference points from the past? And

1205
00:42:14,045 --> 00:42:15,599
that goes back to the, you know, the

1206
00:42:15,599 --> 00:42:16,139
information point.

1207
00:42:16,679 --> 00:42:18,760
Can we say, okay, if we take all

1208
00:42:18,760 --> 00:42:21,320
the probabilities of what this paper, this burnt

1209
00:42:21,320 --> 00:42:22,619
ash piece of paper has,

1210
00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:24,059
one of the probabilities

1211
00:42:24,440 --> 00:42:26,380
was how it was written out before.

1212
00:42:28,464 --> 00:42:28,964
Interesting.

1213
00:42:29,264 --> 00:42:29,764
Okay.

1214
00:42:30,464 --> 00:42:31,824
Well, I don't know. Have we gone in

1215
00:42:31,824 --> 00:42:33,744
deep enough into the rabbit hole? Should we

1216
00:42:33,744 --> 00:42:34,304
wrap up and

1217
00:42:36,704 --> 00:42:38,144
I think that's pretty good. I think we

1218
00:42:38,224 --> 00:42:39,585
I I I think we I think we've

1219
00:42:39,585 --> 00:42:41,670
gone deep into the rabbit hole here. Look.

1220
00:42:41,670 --> 00:42:43,030
We went around a giant circle and came

1221
00:42:43,030 --> 00:42:45,849
out with LPMs. Dudes, we just invented LPMs.

1222
00:42:47,909 --> 00:42:50,710
Nice. Yeah. We can always have another discussion

1223
00:42:50,710 --> 00:42:52,710
about AI and another, you know, three or

1224
00:42:52,710 --> 00:42:54,569
four, five, six months or something about

1225
00:42:55,655 --> 00:42:56,474
what continuing

1226
00:42:56,775 --> 00:42:58,875
to go on if that's still interesting, Jamie.

1227
00:43:00,135 --> 00:43:01,655
You know, it's gonna be a completely different

1228
00:43:01,655 --> 00:43:03,655
world by then. So it will be. There

1229
00:43:03,655 --> 00:43:05,114
you go. It might be.

1230
00:43:05,414 --> 00:43:05,815
We'll have a

1231
00:43:06,614 --> 00:43:09,114
we we should have a, did Jamie's predictions

1232
00:43:09,175 --> 00:43:09,914
come true

1233
00:43:10,409 --> 00:43:11,150
this year?

1234
00:43:11,929 --> 00:43:13,710
Next year this time? Yes.

1235
00:43:14,250 --> 00:43:15,530
Yes. We see how much of an idiot

1236
00:43:15,530 --> 00:43:17,929
Jamie was. But of course, we'll we'll never

1237
00:43:17,929 --> 00:43:19,849
try to track my predictions, of course. So

1238
00:43:20,730 --> 00:43:22,170
No. You are all knowing. You are all

1239
00:43:22,170 --> 00:43:23,789
probabilities at once, mister Artemis.

1240
00:43:25,565 --> 00:43:27,565
Yeah. I really I really do wish my

1241
00:43:27,565 --> 00:43:28,684
14 year old were here because you can

1242
00:43:28,684 --> 00:43:30,444
do 500 digits of pi, and I really

1243
00:43:30,444 --> 00:43:32,704
wanna honor pi day. That's awesome.

1244
00:43:33,005 --> 00:43:34,605
Oh, he stopped because his friend is a

1245
00:43:34,605 --> 00:43:36,144
thousand, and he's like, I can't.

1246
00:43:37,210 --> 00:43:38,730
Sometimes it sucks being the dumbest kid in

1247
00:43:38,730 --> 00:43:39,710
the smartest room.

1248
00:43:41,849 --> 00:43:42,349
Nice.

1249
00:43:43,610 --> 00:43:46,570
Alright. Cool. So, Jamie, where can people get

1250
00:43:46,570 --> 00:43:48,269
in touch with you, follow you,

1251
00:43:48,650 --> 00:43:49,150
websites,

1252
00:43:49,849 --> 00:43:50,349
blogs,

1253
00:43:51,025 --> 00:43:51,525
social

1254
00:43:52,065 --> 00:43:55,045
media, antisocial media. Antisocial medias.

1255
00:43:55,905 --> 00:43:56,405
Antimatter

1256
00:43:56,945 --> 00:43:57,445
media.

1257
00:43:58,304 --> 00:44:00,144
You can you always find me on LinkedIn,

1258
00:44:00,144 --> 00:44:02,465
Jamie Schwarz. There's a lovely, smiled beard man

1259
00:44:02,465 --> 00:44:04,965
looking at you. I'm on brandtherapy.coach.

1260
00:44:05,099 --> 00:44:07,900
You can always talk to my, LLM. There's

1261
00:44:07,900 --> 00:44:10,059
a brand therapist on there that's like me

1262
00:44:10,059 --> 00:44:11,039
waiting for you.

1263
00:44:11,579 --> 00:44:13,579
The new ventures with the the patents are

1264
00:44:13,579 --> 00:44:14,460
marked.art

1265
00:44:14,460 --> 00:44:15,579
and marked.dj

1266
00:44:15,579 --> 00:44:16,619
m r k d

1267
00:44:17,099 --> 00:44:18,800
Art m r k d Dj.

1268
00:44:19,235 --> 00:44:21,175
And that would be another fun conversation

1269
00:44:21,474 --> 00:44:23,875
because we've got a lot of crazy things

1270
00:44:23,875 --> 00:44:25,494
happening over the next few quarters.

1271
00:44:25,954 --> 00:44:27,974
Okay. Cool. And, Tom?

1272
00:44:28,755 --> 00:44:30,135
You can find me on LinkedIn.

1273
00:44:30,755 --> 00:44:32,934
You made it longer than usual.

1274
00:44:33,235 --> 00:44:35,010
I know. I don't know what to do

1275
00:44:35,010 --> 00:44:35,750
about that.

1276
00:44:36,530 --> 00:44:38,530
Alright. I am Russ White. You can always

1277
00:44:38,530 --> 00:44:39,809
find me here on the hedge at rule

1278
00:44:39,809 --> 00:44:41,269
eleven dot tech on LinkedIn,

1279
00:44:41,969 --> 00:44:43,349
on x, antisocial

1280
00:44:43,650 --> 00:44:47,329
media, LinkedIn, whatever. Don't don't really go there.

1281
00:44:47,329 --> 00:44:48,309
I mean, anyway,

1282
00:44:49,284 --> 00:44:50,804
we know that we live in an attention

1283
00:44:50,804 --> 00:44:51,625
driven economy,

1284
00:44:52,485 --> 00:44:54,724
and your time is important to us. And

1285
00:44:54,724 --> 00:44:56,965
we just hope we're presenting interesting and good

1286
00:44:56,965 --> 00:44:59,125
content for you to listen to. Thank you.

1287
00:44:59,125 --> 00:45:00,724
Thank you for listening all the way to

1288
00:45:00,724 --> 00:45:02,409
the bitter end of this hedge, and we

1289
00:45:02,409 --> 00:45:03,469
will catch you next

1290
00:45:06,489 --> 00:45:06,989
time.