1 00:00:00,240 --> 00:00:03,060 Imagine this. You're at the Hyatt Regency Chicago 2 00:00:03,439 --> 00:00:06,000 immersed in insightful discussions with the health care 3 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:07,459 industry's top leaders. 4 00:00:07,839 --> 00:00:10,580 Welcome to Becker's 12th annual CEO 5 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:14,740 and CFO roundtable from November 11th to 14th 6 00:00:15,134 --> 00:00:15,634 2024. 7 00:00:16,175 --> 00:00:19,315 Picture yourself networking with over a 1000 executive 8 00:00:19,454 --> 00:00:20,275 level attendees, 9 00:00:20,734 --> 00:00:23,795 collecting business cards, and forging valuable connections. 10 00:00:24,255 --> 00:00:26,654 Feel the excitement as you engage in 4 11 00:00:26,654 --> 00:00:28,675 days of sessions featuring 400 12 00:00:29,135 --> 00:00:30,870 elite health system speakers. 13 00:00:31,429 --> 00:00:35,049 Envision yourself diving deep into critical topics like 14 00:00:35,109 --> 00:00:37,450 rural health care, digital transformation, 15 00:00:38,070 --> 00:00:40,409 health equity, and c suite diversity. 16 00:00:41,270 --> 00:00:44,729 Now imagine being inspired by our celebrity keynotes, 17 00:00:45,195 --> 00:00:48,234 pro football hall of famers Troy Aikman and 18 00:00:48,234 --> 00:00:52,075 Emmett Smith, 43rd president George w Bush, and 19 00:00:52,075 --> 00:00:55,435 author and journalist Jenna Bush Hager. Their stories 20 00:00:55,435 --> 00:00:56,495 will leave you motivated 21 00:00:56,875 --> 00:00:57,695 and energized. 22 00:00:58,234 --> 00:00:59,535 Don't miss this unparalleled 23 00:00:59,995 --> 00:01:00,495 opportunity. 24 00:01:00,990 --> 00:01:03,329 Get registered today. Visit beckershospitalreview.com 25 00:01:05,230 --> 00:01:06,989 and click on the events page to find 26 00:01:06,989 --> 00:01:08,129 the conference website. 27 00:01:08,510 --> 00:01:09,489 That's the beckershospitalreview.com 28 00:01:11,709 --> 00:01:13,729 events page. See you in Chicago. 29 00:01:14,525 --> 00:01:16,525 This is Chris Sosa with the Becker's HealthCare 30 00:01:16,525 --> 00:01:17,025 podcast. 31 00:01:17,405 --> 00:01:19,245 I'm thrilled to be joined by doctor Angelo 32 00:01:19,245 --> 00:01:21,405 Milazzo of Duke Health, where he is vice 33 00:01:21,405 --> 00:01:23,325 chair of practice and clinical affairs in the 34 00:01:23,325 --> 00:01:26,145 pediatrics department and a professor in the pediatrics 35 00:01:26,204 --> 00:01:28,525 division. Doctor Milazzo, thank you for joining us 36 00:01:28,525 --> 00:01:29,025 today. 37 00:01:29,480 --> 00:01:31,400 Thank you, Chris. It's a pleasure to be 38 00:01:31,400 --> 00:01:33,819 back with Becker's and speaking with you today. 39 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:36,920 As you just mentioned, you are a frequent 40 00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:38,840 guest on our podcast, which is wonderful. But 41 00:01:38,840 --> 00:01:40,760 for our listeners who are not familiar with 42 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:42,840 you, could you please introduce yourself and tell 43 00:01:42,840 --> 00:01:44,299 us a bit about your background? 44 00:01:45,424 --> 00:01:47,185 Happy to do it. So I am a 45 00:01:47,185 --> 00:01:48,245 pediatric cardiologist 46 00:01:48,625 --> 00:01:50,645 by training, so I take care of children 47 00:01:51,265 --> 00:01:52,885 of all ages who have 48 00:01:53,265 --> 00:01:56,245 either acquired or congenital cardiac problems, 49 00:01:56,625 --> 00:01:58,564 and that keeps me very busy. 50 00:01:59,105 --> 00:01:59,844 I'm also 51 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:03,319 the administrator at Duke Children's Hospital here in 52 00:02:03,319 --> 00:02:04,459 Durham, North Carolina. 53 00:02:04,840 --> 00:02:06,459 I serve as the vice chair 54 00:02:06,760 --> 00:02:08,060 for clinical practice. 55 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:10,060 So I have the opportunity 56 00:02:10,439 --> 00:02:11,340 to work on 57 00:02:11,719 --> 00:02:15,275 strategic growth and operational management for our clinical 58 00:02:15,275 --> 00:02:16,415 practice, which includes 59 00:02:16,875 --> 00:02:18,895 primary care, specialty care, 60 00:02:19,194 --> 00:02:21,375 procedural care, emergency care, 61 00:02:21,675 --> 00:02:24,495 inpatient care, outpatient care and a variety 62 00:02:25,115 --> 00:02:26,974 of variations of all those things. 63 00:02:27,355 --> 00:02:28,014 And what's 64 00:02:28,580 --> 00:02:29,400 so gratifying 65 00:02:29,699 --> 00:02:30,919 is the opportunity to 66 00:02:32,180 --> 00:02:34,500 speak with the Becker's team because I know 67 00:02:34,500 --> 00:02:35,960 that you guys are constantly 68 00:02:36,500 --> 00:02:39,319 thinking about, how we can iterate and improve 69 00:02:39,939 --> 00:02:42,020 and advance the ball, so to speak, in 70 00:02:42,020 --> 00:02:42,914 what we're doing. 71 00:02:43,394 --> 00:02:44,834 And that's what I try to do on 72 00:02:44,834 --> 00:02:46,914 a daily basis in my role as the 73 00:02:46,914 --> 00:02:48,134 vice chair of the department. 74 00:02:48,594 --> 00:02:50,995 I'm constantly thinking through how we can advance 75 00:02:50,995 --> 00:02:51,655 the care, 76 00:02:52,194 --> 00:02:53,954 of children here in the central part of 77 00:02:53,954 --> 00:02:54,694 North Carolina. 78 00:02:55,870 --> 00:02:57,310 Doctor, thank you for setting up the rest 79 00:02:57,310 --> 00:02:58,770 of this podcast so beautifully. 80 00:02:59,150 --> 00:03:00,590 Where we're gonna start is what are your 81 00:03:00,590 --> 00:03:02,370 top priorities today at Duke Health? 82 00:03:03,629 --> 00:03:05,170 At Duke Health, we are 83 00:03:05,790 --> 00:03:07,090 wrestling with many 84 00:03:07,550 --> 00:03:10,050 of the challenges that our colleagues, 85 00:03:10,775 --> 00:03:13,594 our sister institutions, our like minded institutions 86 00:03:13,895 --> 00:03:15,814 across the region and across the country are 87 00:03:15,814 --> 00:03:16,715 wrestling with, 88 00:03:17,175 --> 00:03:20,294 we are looking at workforce challenges. And that's 89 00:03:20,294 --> 00:03:21,915 probably one of the top priorities 90 00:03:22,534 --> 00:03:24,314 in pediatric care because, 91 00:03:24,860 --> 00:03:26,959 as you may know, the pediatric workforce, 92 00:03:27,259 --> 00:03:29,099 particularly in the last couple of years, has 93 00:03:29,099 --> 00:03:31,419 been challenged, challenged both at the level of 94 00:03:31,419 --> 00:03:33,759 our trainees where we're seeing 95 00:03:34,060 --> 00:03:37,919 less people choosing pediatric residencies and pediatric fellowships. 96 00:03:38,635 --> 00:03:40,814 We're beginning to see shortages in many 97 00:03:41,514 --> 00:03:44,795 critical and important areas of pediatric practice, including 98 00:03:44,795 --> 00:03:45,775 some very important 99 00:03:46,474 --> 00:03:48,495 sub specialty areas like endocrinology, 100 00:03:49,355 --> 00:03:49,855 rheumatology, 101 00:03:50,555 --> 00:03:52,895 behavioral medicine, and adolescent health. 102 00:03:53,460 --> 00:03:55,479 Another priority is access. 103 00:03:56,340 --> 00:03:58,979 We are thinking through all the ways that 104 00:03:58,979 --> 00:03:59,879 we can expand, 105 00:04:00,819 --> 00:04:01,319 grow 106 00:04:01,860 --> 00:04:05,139 and iterate on roots of access to our 107 00:04:05,139 --> 00:04:05,639 services. 108 00:04:06,180 --> 00:04:08,835 We're trying to modernize our approach and 109 00:04:09,235 --> 00:04:11,474 incorporate many of the tools that we've learned 110 00:04:11,474 --> 00:04:13,575 to use in the last few years, particularly 111 00:04:13,635 --> 00:04:15,655 digital tools like telemedicine 112 00:04:15,955 --> 00:04:18,194 and virtual visits, but we're also trying to 113 00:04:18,194 --> 00:04:21,014 think of ways to utilize our fixed resources 114 00:04:21,329 --> 00:04:23,409 so that we can quite literally get more 115 00:04:23,409 --> 00:04:23,909 patients 116 00:04:24,289 --> 00:04:26,550 into our clinics, into our hospitals, 117 00:04:26,930 --> 00:04:30,069 into our operating rooms, into our procedural suites. 118 00:04:30,610 --> 00:04:33,649 The third priority that we have is thinking 119 00:04:33,649 --> 00:04:34,709 about how to manage 120 00:04:35,074 --> 00:04:37,154 populations and this is a really key area 121 00:04:37,154 --> 00:04:38,455 in pediatric care 122 00:04:38,834 --> 00:04:39,654 where traditionally 123 00:04:40,115 --> 00:04:41,875 we tend to be focused on the patient 124 00:04:41,875 --> 00:04:44,035 in front of us, the patient who's there 125 00:04:44,035 --> 00:04:46,055 to see us for a clinic visit 126 00:04:46,355 --> 00:04:47,095 or for 127 00:04:47,430 --> 00:04:47,930 procedural 128 00:04:48,230 --> 00:04:48,730 episode 129 00:04:49,269 --> 00:04:50,889 or possibly for a hospitalization, 130 00:04:51,430 --> 00:04:53,189 we need to think differently today. We need 131 00:04:53,189 --> 00:04:55,129 to think about how to manage not only 132 00:04:55,269 --> 00:04:57,269 the patient who is sitting in front of 133 00:04:57,269 --> 00:04:58,649 us but also 134 00:04:58,949 --> 00:05:01,194 the patient as he or she exists within 135 00:05:01,194 --> 00:05:02,735 a community of other patients. 136 00:05:03,035 --> 00:05:04,794 We need to think about the broad health 137 00:05:04,794 --> 00:05:05,454 of populations 138 00:05:06,154 --> 00:05:08,175 as they are impacted by socioeconomic 139 00:05:08,714 --> 00:05:09,214 challenges, 140 00:05:09,834 --> 00:05:11,774 by changes in things like climate, 141 00:05:12,129 --> 00:05:14,449 by changes in things like the way health 142 00:05:14,449 --> 00:05:16,310 care gets funded and paid for. 143 00:05:16,610 --> 00:05:19,089 So it's a shift in focus from the 144 00:05:19,089 --> 00:05:21,509 individual to the community and to the population. 145 00:05:21,730 --> 00:05:24,290 It's an exciting challenge, but it's one that 146 00:05:24,290 --> 00:05:26,949 requires many different stakeholders to come together, 147 00:05:27,514 --> 00:05:28,574 strategize together, 148 00:05:29,115 --> 00:05:30,795 in a way that is very different than 149 00:05:30,795 --> 00:05:32,415 how we used to provide care. 150 00:05:33,675 --> 00:05:35,435 Thank you for laying all out all of 151 00:05:35,435 --> 00:05:37,995 that, doctor. Obviously, those are challenges, as you 152 00:05:37,995 --> 00:05:39,835 mentioned, that are being faced across the health 153 00:05:39,835 --> 00:05:42,740 care spectrum right now. As we look further 154 00:05:42,740 --> 00:05:43,240 ahead, 155 00:05:43,779 --> 00:05:45,620 how do you anticipate your role and your 156 00:05:45,620 --> 00:05:47,539 teams is gonna evolve over the next 18 157 00:05:47,539 --> 00:05:49,539 months in particular as it relates to the 158 00:05:49,539 --> 00:05:51,079 challenges that you just laid out? 159 00:05:52,500 --> 00:05:54,419 I think all of us who are leaders 160 00:05:54,419 --> 00:05:57,399 in medicine need to become chief experience officers. 161 00:05:58,014 --> 00:05:59,935 And I mean that from the perspective of 162 00:05:59,935 --> 00:06:02,435 the experience of the patient and the family, 163 00:06:02,814 --> 00:06:04,115 but also the experience 164 00:06:04,574 --> 00:06:06,735 of the person providing care, whether it's a 165 00:06:06,735 --> 00:06:09,235 physician or an advanced practice provider 166 00:06:09,694 --> 00:06:10,915 or a medical technologist 167 00:06:11,439 --> 00:06:14,180 or a nurse or another valuable team member. 168 00:06:14,480 --> 00:06:16,639 We need to make sure that people who 169 00:06:16,639 --> 00:06:18,879 come to work in health care have a 170 00:06:18,879 --> 00:06:19,860 great experience 171 00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:20,899 of work. 172 00:06:21,199 --> 00:06:23,040 We saw in the last few years of 173 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:25,860 the pandemic many people exiting health care. 174 00:06:26,204 --> 00:06:27,745 Pediatrics was not immune 175 00:06:28,204 --> 00:06:29,584 to that phenomenon. 176 00:06:30,125 --> 00:06:32,125 We need to make sure that our children's 177 00:06:32,125 --> 00:06:32,625 hospitals, 178 00:06:33,165 --> 00:06:33,904 our offices, 179 00:06:34,685 --> 00:06:35,904 our operating theaters, 180 00:06:36,285 --> 00:06:37,584 our procedural suites 181 00:06:38,220 --> 00:06:38,879 are designed 182 00:06:39,819 --> 00:06:41,660 with the needs of the patient in mind, 183 00:06:41,660 --> 00:06:43,680 with the preferences of the patient in mind, 184 00:06:43,980 --> 00:06:46,400 but also with the needs of the providers 185 00:06:46,460 --> 00:06:48,620 and the clinicians in mind. We want people 186 00:06:48,620 --> 00:06:50,834 to come to work every day wanting to 187 00:06:50,834 --> 00:06:52,454 be happy to see their patients. 188 00:06:52,834 --> 00:06:54,995 A key challenge and particularly over the next 189 00:06:54,995 --> 00:06:55,894 18 months 190 00:06:56,435 --> 00:07:00,035 is building structures around our physicians, around our 191 00:07:00,035 --> 00:07:02,675 advanced practice providers so that we can relieve 192 00:07:02,675 --> 00:07:05,314 them of some of the administrative burden of 193 00:07:05,314 --> 00:07:08,050 care. This is a top challenge for my 194 00:07:08,050 --> 00:07:10,870 institution and many others. We're beginning to incorporate 195 00:07:11,089 --> 00:07:11,990 some new tools, 196 00:07:12,529 --> 00:07:13,350 things like 197 00:07:13,650 --> 00:07:16,629 artificial intelligence assisted visit transcriptions, 198 00:07:17,569 --> 00:07:18,389 things like 199 00:07:19,264 --> 00:07:20,404 triage teams, 200 00:07:20,705 --> 00:07:21,685 which work remotely 201 00:07:22,545 --> 00:07:23,365 to review 202 00:07:23,985 --> 00:07:26,625 the endless stream of messages that are coming 203 00:07:26,625 --> 00:07:29,504 through our electronic portals from our patients, whether 204 00:07:29,504 --> 00:07:30,964 they need prescription refills 205 00:07:31,345 --> 00:07:33,524 or medical advice or appointments. 206 00:07:34,229 --> 00:07:34,889 So building 207 00:07:35,750 --> 00:07:38,250 these really thorough, these really 208 00:07:38,709 --> 00:07:39,209 heavily 209 00:07:40,069 --> 00:07:40,569 resourced 210 00:07:41,029 --> 00:07:44,389 structural elements around our personnel who are providing 211 00:07:44,389 --> 00:07:46,550 care, that's something that we are working on 212 00:07:46,550 --> 00:07:47,209 right now. 213 00:07:47,535 --> 00:07:49,935 Of course, with the shifting economics of care, 214 00:07:49,935 --> 00:07:51,855 paying for these things is always a challenge. 215 00:07:51,855 --> 00:07:52,995 But what we find 216 00:07:53,535 --> 00:07:55,074 in many cases is that 217 00:07:55,455 --> 00:07:57,855 the return on investment is quite high, both 218 00:07:57,855 --> 00:07:59,314 from the perspective of 219 00:07:59,819 --> 00:08:02,459 sustaining the mission of the organization, perhaps more 220 00:08:02,459 --> 00:08:05,339 importantly, however, from the perspective of keeping our 221 00:08:05,339 --> 00:08:06,879 people happy at work. 222 00:08:08,379 --> 00:08:10,079 Thank you again, doctor, for 223 00:08:10,620 --> 00:08:12,939 outlining all those challenges and how they can 224 00:08:12,939 --> 00:08:13,599 be addressed. 225 00:08:14,595 --> 00:08:16,134 Looking forward to even more. 226 00:08:16,595 --> 00:08:18,435 What are you excited about right now? What 227 00:08:18,435 --> 00:08:20,115 makes you nervous? It's a 2 part question, 228 00:08:20,115 --> 00:08:21,714 and please feel free to answer it in 229 00:08:21,714 --> 00:08:23,335 whichever order you find appropriate. 230 00:08:24,595 --> 00:08:26,675 I'm a little bit nervous about some of 231 00:08:26,675 --> 00:08:29,069 the changes that we will be dealing with 232 00:08:29,149 --> 00:08:32,669 in academic pediatric health care that are structured 233 00:08:32,669 --> 00:08:33,169 around 234 00:08:33,629 --> 00:08:35,570 changes to our training programs. 235 00:08:35,950 --> 00:08:38,190 And what I mean is that, you know, 236 00:08:38,190 --> 00:08:40,830 we train the next generation of pediatricians in 237 00:08:40,830 --> 00:08:43,330 our residencies and in our fellowship programs. 238 00:08:43,824 --> 00:08:46,304 These exist all across the country at all 239 00:08:46,304 --> 00:08:48,784 of the major children's centers, including mine here 240 00:08:48,784 --> 00:08:51,105 here at Duke. And what we are about 241 00:08:51,105 --> 00:08:51,764 to undergo 242 00:08:52,225 --> 00:08:54,945 and this happens every several years as the 243 00:08:54,945 --> 00:08:57,125 curriculum of these programs gets reevaluated. 244 00:08:57,730 --> 00:08:59,990 We're about to undergo another seismic shift 245 00:09:00,450 --> 00:09:01,750 in the division of labor. 246 00:09:02,289 --> 00:09:02,789 Increasingly, 247 00:09:03,090 --> 00:09:05,330 our trainees are being asked to do more 248 00:09:05,330 --> 00:09:07,889 outside of the hospital, which may be very 249 00:09:07,889 --> 00:09:10,394 appropriate for their training, but it leaves gaps, 250 00:09:10,875 --> 00:09:13,514 real gaps in coverage inside the hospital, whether 251 00:09:13,514 --> 00:09:15,054 it's in our emergency department, 252 00:09:15,434 --> 00:09:18,554 our critical care unit, our neonatal intensive care 253 00:09:18,554 --> 00:09:21,195 unit, our cardiac intensive care unit, or one 254 00:09:21,195 --> 00:09:22,875 of the number of other areas where we 255 00:09:22,875 --> 00:09:23,855 take care of patients 256 00:09:24,190 --> 00:09:26,350 in our hospital platform. That's gonna be a 257 00:09:26,350 --> 00:09:28,690 huge challenge. We're gonna have to think about 258 00:09:29,070 --> 00:09:31,870 how we leverage the skills of our advanced 259 00:09:31,870 --> 00:09:34,050 practice providers, so our nurse practitioners 260 00:09:34,590 --> 00:09:37,149 and our physician assistants. But it's also gonna 261 00:09:37,149 --> 00:09:37,754 mean that 262 00:09:38,235 --> 00:09:40,715 more work is likely to fall on attending 263 00:09:40,715 --> 00:09:41,215 physicians. 264 00:09:41,835 --> 00:09:43,914 I think most of us understand this is 265 00:09:43,914 --> 00:09:45,274 to be the case and I think most 266 00:09:45,274 --> 00:09:47,355 of us are willing to pitch in and 267 00:09:47,355 --> 00:09:49,115 do what we can, but at the same 268 00:09:49,115 --> 00:09:50,575 time, we need to be really careful. 269 00:09:50,909 --> 00:09:53,149 We need to protect our professional autonomy as 270 00:09:53,149 --> 00:09:54,850 much as possible. And again, 271 00:09:55,389 --> 00:09:57,309 kind of going back to my previous answer, 272 00:09:57,309 --> 00:09:59,149 we need to make sure that we've designed 273 00:09:59,149 --> 00:10:01,569 the work so that people feel really satisfied 274 00:10:01,629 --> 00:10:03,629 at the end of the day. It's an 275 00:10:03,629 --> 00:10:04,769 incredible challenge 276 00:10:05,154 --> 00:10:07,174 and something that I think we're all nervous 277 00:10:07,875 --> 00:10:10,534 about. In terms of what I'm excited about 278 00:10:11,235 --> 00:10:13,975 is related to something I mentioned before, 279 00:10:14,274 --> 00:10:16,835 we have some amazing tools that we're beginning 280 00:10:16,835 --> 00:10:19,174 to incorporate into practice and yes, 281 00:10:19,799 --> 00:10:21,960 people have heard a lot about digital tools 282 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:22,620 in healthcare, 283 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:24,759 people have heard a lot of buzz about 284 00:10:24,759 --> 00:10:25,820 artificial intelligence. 285 00:10:26,360 --> 00:10:28,539 And to some extent, like any new technology, 286 00:10:29,159 --> 00:10:31,019 there's sort of a haze of uncertainty 287 00:10:31,639 --> 00:10:34,375 and maybe some overhyping of these things. But 288 00:10:34,375 --> 00:10:36,295 at the core, what I like about our 289 00:10:36,295 --> 00:10:38,394 approach here at Duke is we're getting physicians 290 00:10:38,774 --> 00:10:41,575 involved in the way these new tools are 291 00:10:41,575 --> 00:10:43,975 disseminated and rolled out. So for example, we're 292 00:10:43,975 --> 00:10:44,955 about to launch 293 00:10:45,335 --> 00:10:47,815 a really interesting study where we're gonna test 294 00:10:47,815 --> 00:10:49,035 2 different kinds 295 00:10:49,990 --> 00:10:51,290 of artificial intelligence 296 00:10:51,670 --> 00:10:52,730 enabled systems, 297 00:10:53,190 --> 00:10:54,490 which can help physicians 298 00:10:55,029 --> 00:10:55,930 and other clinicians 299 00:10:56,470 --> 00:10:59,269 transcribe their visits, their clinic visits in real 300 00:10:59,269 --> 00:11:00,250 time, generating 301 00:11:00,629 --> 00:11:02,950 a office letter that can later be reviewed 302 00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:03,610 and edited. 303 00:11:04,070 --> 00:11:05,210 This sounds like 304 00:11:05,725 --> 00:11:06,465 the modern version 305 00:11:07,164 --> 00:11:09,404 of the medical transcriptionist, but it actually has 306 00:11:09,404 --> 00:11:11,105 the potential to be much more 307 00:11:11,404 --> 00:11:13,184 because embedded in these technologies 308 00:11:13,804 --> 00:11:14,784 is some ability 309 00:11:15,245 --> 00:11:18,945 to incorporate outside information, whether it's patient educational 310 00:11:19,085 --> 00:11:22,519 information, whether it's clinical decision support, that's the 311 00:11:22,519 --> 00:11:25,660 really exciting promise of this technology. And, again, 312 00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:28,279 the theme here is the more we can 313 00:11:28,279 --> 00:11:28,779 build 314 00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:31,580 support systems around our physicians, 315 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:34,059 around our advanced practice providers, 316 00:11:34,360 --> 00:11:35,899 around our other team members, 317 00:11:36,335 --> 00:11:38,434 the more satisfying the work becomes. 318 00:11:38,815 --> 00:11:41,535 And I actually believe that translates into better 319 00:11:41,535 --> 00:11:43,715 care for patients and families. 320 00:11:44,735 --> 00:11:46,975 So lots to be excited about, some things 321 00:11:46,975 --> 00:11:48,115 to be nervous about, 322 00:11:48,509 --> 00:11:50,910 but, this is how it goes in academic 323 00:11:50,910 --> 00:11:52,990 medicine, and we are all looking forward to 324 00:11:52,990 --> 00:11:54,290 thinking through these challenges. 325 00:11:55,870 --> 00:11:58,590 Lastly, doctor Milazzo, what issue or aspect of 326 00:11:58,590 --> 00:12:00,509 children's health care do you believe deserves a 327 00:12:00,509 --> 00:12:02,529 brighter spotlight than it's getting at the moment? 328 00:12:03,284 --> 00:12:04,985 I think we need to shine a spotlight 329 00:12:05,365 --> 00:12:08,404 on the position of children in society in 330 00:12:08,404 --> 00:12:11,205 general. I think pediatricians can be really strong 331 00:12:11,205 --> 00:12:13,705 advocates for children. But when we think about 332 00:12:14,404 --> 00:12:14,904 the 333 00:12:15,430 --> 00:12:18,070 value or sometimes the lack thereof that we 334 00:12:18,070 --> 00:12:21,190 place on children across other areas of our 335 00:12:21,190 --> 00:12:21,690 society, 336 00:12:22,310 --> 00:12:23,610 whether it's in 337 00:12:24,149 --> 00:12:24,649 advocacy 338 00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:26,889 for the rights of children, 339 00:12:27,204 --> 00:12:29,684 whether it's in advocacy for the safety of 340 00:12:29,684 --> 00:12:30,184 children, 341 00:12:30,565 --> 00:12:33,125 whether it's in advocacy for the way children 342 00:12:33,125 --> 00:12:33,704 are educated, 343 00:12:34,485 --> 00:12:36,184 all of these things are really important. 344 00:12:36,804 --> 00:12:38,424 And I think in some ways, 345 00:12:38,964 --> 00:12:40,985 a society can be judged 346 00:12:41,589 --> 00:12:42,330 by how 347 00:12:42,710 --> 00:12:45,269 it deals with and how it supports its 348 00:12:45,269 --> 00:12:46,089 most vulnerable 349 00:12:47,190 --> 00:12:50,149 members. And to some extent, our children are 350 00:12:50,149 --> 00:12:50,970 quite vulnerable. 351 00:12:51,909 --> 00:12:52,409 Pediatricians 352 00:12:53,429 --> 00:12:54,870 tend to, as I said, they tend to 353 00:12:54,870 --> 00:12:57,074 advocate for their patients, they tend to advocate 354 00:12:57,074 --> 00:12:59,314 for young children and families. I think that's 355 00:12:59,314 --> 00:13:01,574 a really important role for 356 00:13:02,514 --> 00:13:04,774 pediatricians, for pediatric health systems 357 00:13:05,154 --> 00:13:07,794 like mine and like other children's hospitals, really 358 00:13:07,794 --> 00:13:09,894 important role for them to play in society. 359 00:13:10,434 --> 00:13:11,654 The more we can 360 00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:13,820 invest today 361 00:13:14,519 --> 00:13:17,399 in children, whether it's their health, whether it's 362 00:13:17,399 --> 00:13:18,139 their education, 363 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:20,460 whether it's their 364 00:13:20,919 --> 00:13:21,419 ability 365 00:13:22,360 --> 00:13:24,779 to be supported by society in general, 366 00:13:25,684 --> 00:13:27,625 greater the dividends will be in the future. 367 00:13:27,845 --> 00:13:29,144 It will, I think, 368 00:13:29,524 --> 00:13:31,144 pay dividends in terms of, 369 00:13:31,764 --> 00:13:33,304 a spectacular workforce. 370 00:13:33,684 --> 00:13:35,445 I think it will pay dividends in terms 371 00:13:35,445 --> 00:13:37,125 of what children are able to achieve when 372 00:13:37,125 --> 00:13:39,065 they move on to higher education. 373 00:13:39,389 --> 00:13:41,570 I think it will pay dividends in terms 374 00:13:42,429 --> 00:13:44,370 of just an overall brightening 375 00:13:45,629 --> 00:13:46,610 of our future 376 00:13:46,990 --> 00:13:47,490 for 377 00:13:48,029 --> 00:13:49,710 these young kids who will grow up and 378 00:13:49,710 --> 00:13:51,009 go on to do presumably 379 00:13:51,389 --> 00:13:52,929 amazing and wonderful things. 380 00:13:53,375 --> 00:13:55,214 So this is an area where I think 381 00:13:55,214 --> 00:13:57,294 we can all pitch in regardless of what 382 00:13:57,294 --> 00:13:58,674 we do, whether we're physicians, 383 00:13:59,134 --> 00:14:00,274 whether we're podcasters, 384 00:14:00,894 --> 00:14:03,375 whether we're, people like the great people at 385 00:14:03,375 --> 00:14:05,695 Becker's who are thinking about administrative challenges in 386 00:14:05,695 --> 00:14:07,855 medicine and and related issues. I think we 387 00:14:07,855 --> 00:14:09,269 all have a role to play here. 388 00:14:09,910 --> 00:14:11,910 Doctor, thank you for being so generous with 389 00:14:11,910 --> 00:14:14,070 your time and your insights today. We absolutely 390 00:14:14,070 --> 00:14:15,590 cannot wait to share them with the rest 391 00:14:15,590 --> 00:14:17,509 of our audience. I look forward to connecting 392 00:14:17,509 --> 00:14:18,410 with you soon. 393 00:14:19,029 --> 00:14:21,029 Chris, thank you so much. As always, it's 394 00:14:21,029 --> 00:14:21,929 a great pleasure 395 00:14:22,230 --> 00:14:24,170 to speak with the team at Becker's, 396 00:14:24,475 --> 00:14:26,315 and I look forward to joining you again 397 00:14:26,315 --> 00:14:28,014 in the future for further conversations.