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You're listening to the Ina ran Institute live

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podcast series.

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So

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when I found out we were come to

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Amsterdam

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for confidence in Amsterdam and and, you know,

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just my...

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What I've been doing recently is I've been

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reading a lot about, the enlightenment about European

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history

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about,

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you know, the the the the rise of

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christianity, the dominance of christianity,

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and then kind of

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what happened during the enlightenment in spite of,

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christianity.

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It it came to me that,

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you know, this is 1 of the most

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important cities

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in Western history.

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This is the city in which in many

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respects, the enlightenment is born.

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This is city that reflects many of the

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via of the values

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that the enlightenment manifest.

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And I thought, yep, we should do something

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about

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Amsterdam. We should talk about Amsterdam. You you

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guys are here. You're walking the streets.

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Are there's real meaning to what you're seeing

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out there, particularly if you have chance to

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visit to museums and get a little bit

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of sense.

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Of, the city itself.

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So I started reading up a bunch of

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stuff on

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Amsterdam, and of got as I started reading,

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I discovered how much I didn't know and

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how how rich the history really is, much

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more than I expected. So

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so I'm gonna give the caveat. I am

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not a historian. I'm not an expert on

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Amsterdam.

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You know, I'm gonna give you a little

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flavor of few things that I think are

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really important and interesting and fascinating

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and how they relate to some of the

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themes that we've had during in the conference,

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including a what you just heard from from

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Nico, so though,

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I think I think, Ams amsterdam is a

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more positive

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than than what we just heard. Right?

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So this is not the definitive.

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This is not,

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you know, the complete history, hopefully,

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if you find this interesting,

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and, you know, you'll go and do some

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reading and and discovering

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on your own. But as you walk around

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in answer amsterdam,

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And in particularly if you go to the

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museums, and in particularly if you go to

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the odd museums.

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What you discover is that there was a

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period in the city's history.

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With this city

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was by far, the richest city in the

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world.

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During the renaissance,

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we think in terms of Italy, we think

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Florence, we think we're rome.

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We think about the great art that was

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being produced during the renaissance. We think about

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some of the scientific progress.

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The economic progress that was happening. Primarily, we

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think

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renaissance, we think Italy.

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But the reality is that for most people,

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life in Italy was

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really difficult.

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That Italy barely

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economically from a quality of life instead of

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living barely

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escaped

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the middle ages.

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From 1500 to 1700

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estimates of Gdp per capita quality of life

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standard of living from a material perspective

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in Italy the richest country in 1500,

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at least in Europe probably the world was

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flat.

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I mean, it's hard to imagine today when

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we... We get really disappointed if the economy

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is not growing even a little bit

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for 200 years.

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The economy of Italy was basically

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flat.

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What is fascinating

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is join those 200 years

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here in the Netherlands.

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Gdp capita

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doubled.

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Making

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Holland by far, the Richest country, in the

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world on a per capita in terms of

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in terms of the wealth and individual's experience

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in terms the quality of life in terms

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of the state of living

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this was

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during the seventeenth century,

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the richest place on the planet.

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And it's interesting to think

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how that happened,

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why it happened.

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And then kinda of what were the consequences

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of that wealth. And the consequences of the

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wealth will stop maybe they is

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go to the museum and you see the

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fantastic art that was created here.

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The the the beautiful paintings and innovative paintings

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and what's unique and in the Italian paintings.

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What's the number 1 thing you notice when

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you go and see Dutch paintings

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versus

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Italian, even Renaissance.

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Very few Jesus as Jesus. Is that a

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G,

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the themes have changed.

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Whereas the Italian renaissance is primarily

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Christian themes, at least.

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What's being portrayed. I don't think the actual,

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you know, theme of the painting is is

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a religious theme. But the the story is

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being told our religious stories.

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It... There's a an evolution after that, you

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get you get some...

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You get, old testament stories?

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Which are less Christian and less

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orthodox and less kind of within the boundaries

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of what is permitted by the church,

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And then, of course, you get Greek

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mythology?

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And but once you come to

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Poll, what do you start what do you

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see in in the paintings?

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You see couples?

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You see rich merchants?

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You see rich merchants?

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You see if you go to the the

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museum, the... I I can't pronounce it. What

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is it? The vials?

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Likes music something like that. Anyway,

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if you go to the resume and... And

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and you should. Right? Everybody should. You really

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should. Not just before the aesthetic experience, the

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historical experience, just the the getting the sense

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of what this was like. You should read.

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When you watch, see the paintings read a

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little bit because there's so much history there.

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There's so much embedded in these, in these

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great paintings. But if you see, Rem night's

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watch. Right?

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Rem right? Night's watch is this massive painting

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in a in a massive room at the

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museum.

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And it's a group painting. There's a there's

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a lot of people in this painting. Right?

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And but it's a revolutionary painting.

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It's very different than paintings

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that have been done before. And what is

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it that makes it

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dramatically different. You have a group.

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Usually group paintings before this, everybody's static.

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Everybody's

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specialist.

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Here you have for the first time, a

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massive group paintings of people in action.

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And every face as you look through them,

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is an individual face with individual characteristics,

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expressing

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their emotions, their,

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presence at that

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in this place.

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It might not... It's as a painting as

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an aesthetic experience. It might not resonate with

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you. You might not feel

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strong emotions, like, I don't know. I feel

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when I see my is David and maybe

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some of you do.

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But in terms of

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a cultural experience in terms of understanding the

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culture

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of the period,

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it is incredibly

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meaningful

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and incredibly important. But

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In many respects, what you're seeing in the

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painting

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is the beginning of a sense that started

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in the Italian Renaissance and is maturing

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in the Dutch enlightenment

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of individual

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of individual emotions being expressed

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of individual character.

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And of wealth,

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1 of the things that Dutch painting celebrate

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is the wealth that people have. Not only

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in the way they dressed

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and in the backgrounds that are present

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in,

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you know, in those group paintings, how they

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all you know, a tired,

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but also in the still lives,

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if you if you go and at the

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rooms of still life. And I know again

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for for many people,

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still life's that's kinda boring.

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But actually go experience them and, give yourself

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a chance.

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To actually stand in front of some of

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these paintings and experiencing them. And first what

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you see is just the wealth that is

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presented for you.

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The abundance

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that is presented before. And if you know

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anything about human... In... If you know anything

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about European history,

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this abundance is new.

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And it's not the abundance of kings,

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indeed during this great period during this period

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in in dutch history.

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The Netherlands is republic.

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It's not the wealth

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of

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Aristocrats.

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This is the wealth of merchants.

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This is the wealth of the middle class.

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In a sense this is

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the first, real middle class wealth that we

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see

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in Europe

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and really the world

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is right here where we are sitting

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in the Netherlands. As you walk

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along

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the canals,

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you know, we we just take the canals

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for granted.

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But somebody built those canals.

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So built those canals when there was very

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little technology to build canals.

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Most of the land around us

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is

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land

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that is being created

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artificially. This is all the bay. This is

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all water

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that is being filled in.

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If you look at the Netherlands more broadly,

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if you drive around the Netherlands,

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those of you who live here know this.

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Right?

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This whole country is a massive feat of

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engineering.

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This is a country that is below for,

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I think a of it or 2 thirds

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of it, something between there. Is below sea

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level.

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It used to flood regularly.

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And they build bikes.

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They build canals.

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It is the convergence of 5 major rivers,

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European rivers all come in here.

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So it's a delta.

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And if you've been anywhere in the world

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where their delta, it's swamp.

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It's

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almost impossible to live

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in this kind of environment, and he yet

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the Dutch took this area

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and they made something of it.

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Human ingenuity,

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human engineering

285
00:10:37,915 --> 00:10:40,955
building d, building canals, canals, by the way,

286
00:10:41,434 --> 00:10:44,475
are the cheapest way of moving goods from

287
00:10:44,475 --> 00:10:45,115
point to point.

288
00:10:45,928 --> 00:10:46,827
Is on barges

289
00:10:47,204 --> 00:10:47,683
on boats.

290
00:10:49,198 --> 00:10:50,735
So if you can imagine

291
00:10:51,272 --> 00:10:53,585
Europe sending all its good, Central, Europe, Germany,

292
00:10:53,745 --> 00:10:55,260
sending all its goods along the rivers,

293
00:10:56,073 --> 00:10:57,590
all converging right here.

294
00:10:58,308 --> 00:11:00,703
And then a series of canals, taking those

295
00:11:00,703 --> 00:11:03,097
to the ports onto ships and shipping them

296
00:11:03,097 --> 00:11:05,500
to the rest of the world, this becomes

297
00:11:05,500 --> 00:11:07,088
a major trading hub.

298
00:11:08,278 --> 00:11:10,024
But it's that building into the canals, the

299
00:11:10,024 --> 00:11:11,056
building of the d,

300
00:11:12,184 --> 00:11:12,684
that

301
00:11:13,143 --> 00:11:14,362
really establishes

302
00:11:14,821 --> 00:11:15,321
creates

303
00:11:15,859 --> 00:11:17,957
out of nothing out of nature out of

304
00:11:18,816 --> 00:11:19,316
this

305
00:11:20,190 --> 00:11:23,070
space that we all today in inhabit.

306
00:11:23,870 --> 00:11:25,250
And all this beauty

307
00:11:26,269 --> 00:11:27,389
is artificial beauty.

308
00:11:28,203 --> 00:11:29,259
All those canals

309
00:11:29,713 --> 00:11:30,269
artificial canals.

310
00:11:31,143 --> 00:11:33,607
This though nature doesn't create these nice round,

311
00:11:34,004 --> 00:11:35,037
you know, nice shaped,

312
00:11:36,089 --> 00:11:38,089
places in which you can you can move

313
00:11:38,089 --> 00:11:40,350
around. So this is a city

314
00:11:40,970 --> 00:11:42,669
which is an engineering feat

315
00:11:43,700 --> 00:11:45,925
And then engineering feed actually happens before it's

316
00:11:45,925 --> 00:11:47,356
golden age. So this is kind of the

317
00:11:47,356 --> 00:11:47,856
setup

318
00:11:48,389 --> 00:11:48,889
for

319
00:11:49,422 --> 00:11:51,908
for the Netherlands. It also is a source

320
00:11:52,378 --> 00:11:55,243
of of migration. Lots of people come here

321
00:11:55,243 --> 00:11:57,073
to work in the building of the canals

322
00:11:57,073 --> 00:11:57,812
and the buildings

323
00:11:58,187 --> 00:11:59,620
of the of the d,

324
00:12:00,416 --> 00:12:01,371
from Central Europe,

325
00:12:02,101 --> 00:12:03,793
people are coming into the Netherlands

326
00:12:04,167 --> 00:12:06,710
and the the the population is growing because

327
00:12:06,710 --> 00:12:08,459
initially, not a lot of people here because

328
00:12:08,459 --> 00:12:09,730
it's not particularly l.

329
00:12:13,476 --> 00:12:15,618
So a lot of activity is going on.

330
00:12:16,729 --> 00:12:17,205
This is...

331
00:12:18,014 --> 00:12:20,245
You know, fifteenth century, 14 hundreds,

332
00:12:20,961 --> 00:12:22,634
15 hundreds, early 15 hundreds.

333
00:12:23,670 --> 00:12:25,900
The building the takes, the reclaiming land,

334
00:12:27,429 --> 00:12:28,546
And at the same time,

335
00:12:29,104 --> 00:12:30,641
there's a growing

336
00:12:31,577 --> 00:12:32,077
intellectual

337
00:12:33,252 --> 00:12:35,884
world that that that starts happening here in

338
00:12:35,884 --> 00:12:37,730
the in in in in in Holland.

339
00:12:39,157 --> 00:12:41,535
Not Holland. In the Netherlands because, you know,

340
00:12:41,693 --> 00:12:43,358
Holland is just 1 part of the Netherlands.

341
00:12:45,039 --> 00:12:47,033
And, you know, I don't know why, and

342
00:12:47,112 --> 00:12:49,266
I I haven't found a particular explanation. I

343
00:12:49,266 --> 00:12:51,579
don't know There is an explanation, but this

344
00:12:51,579 --> 00:12:52,637
became the hub

345
00:12:53,174 --> 00:12:53,892
of human.

346
00:12:54,864 --> 00:12:56,140
The hub of a,

347
00:12:56,937 --> 00:12:57,676
of the

348
00:12:58,053 --> 00:13:00,046
integration or the attempt to integrate,

349
00:13:00,923 --> 00:13:03,177
Greek ideas, greek philosophy,

350
00:13:03,808 --> 00:13:05,024
greek individual

351
00:13:06,114 --> 00:13:07,625
into the ideas of Christianity.

352
00:13:08,818 --> 00:13:10,749
And when you read the first kind of

353
00:13:11,521 --> 00:13:11,760
dutch,

354
00:13:12,714 --> 00:13:13,214
human,

355
00:13:13,604 --> 00:13:14,562
Christian human.

356
00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:18,554
You can see them struggling with the ideas

357
00:13:18,554 --> 00:13:19,453
of Christianity

358
00:13:19,832 --> 00:13:21,769
and the ideas of

359
00:13:22,706 --> 00:13:23,206
individual

360
00:13:23,838 --> 00:13:24,317
individuality,

361
00:13:25,834 --> 00:13:27,990
relationship of the individual to God, Even before

362
00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:28,650
the protestant

363
00:13:29,028 --> 00:13:31,982
information, they are already struggling with breaking away

364
00:13:31,982 --> 00:13:34,393
from the Catholic church breaking away from the

365
00:13:34,393 --> 00:13:36,970
dogma, breaking away from authoritarianism.

366
00:13:37,908 --> 00:13:38,408
And

367
00:13:39,506 --> 00:13:40,006
placing

368
00:13:40,639 --> 00:13:41,697
the core of

369
00:13:42,394 --> 00:13:43,771
ideas are beliefs

370
00:13:44,228 --> 00:13:46,222
at the level of the individual rather than

371
00:13:46,222 --> 00:13:49,253
a level of a loyalty to some pope

372
00:13:49,253 --> 00:13:50,210
and some church.

373
00:13:50,865 --> 00:13:52,144
Follow away in rome.

374
00:13:53,345 --> 00:13:54,945
And, of course, this makes it very much

375
00:13:54,945 --> 00:13:57,264
fertile ground for the reformation. So once the

376
00:13:57,264 --> 00:13:57,825
reformation happens,

377
00:13:58,544 --> 00:14:00,638
it it is it is here that that

378
00:14:00,638 --> 00:14:03,035
did you... It just really catches fire. I

379
00:14:03,035 --> 00:14:03,834
mean, Holland

380
00:14:04,473 --> 00:14:05,373
again, Netherlands

381
00:14:05,752 --> 00:14:07,610
is 1 of the places that becomes

382
00:14:08,161 --> 00:14:09,216
that becomes protestant

383
00:14:09,588 --> 00:14:10,540
very very quickly.

384
00:14:13,315 --> 00:14:13,815
And

385
00:14:14,187 --> 00:14:15,005
this protestantism

386
00:14:15,788 --> 00:14:17,533
Well, you know, we can debate and and

387
00:14:17,533 --> 00:14:18,906
there are debates about,

388
00:14:19,675 --> 00:14:19,913
you,

389
00:14:21,024 --> 00:14:23,324
which religion protestants a Catholic, which 1 is

390
00:14:23,324 --> 00:14:25,569
more I don't know more what? More rational.

391
00:14:26,526 --> 00:14:28,760
When you talk about irrational philosophies, which 1

392
00:14:28,760 --> 00:14:31,153
is more rational is a interesting conversation. But

393
00:14:31,153 --> 00:14:32,668
1 thing is is clear.

394
00:14:34,673 --> 00:14:37,532
That the protestant break away from dogma. They

395
00:14:37,532 --> 00:14:38,826
break away from

396
00:14:39,597 --> 00:14:42,399
a blind following for 1 set of

397
00:14:42,852 --> 00:14:45,579
belief established by an authoritarian church.

398
00:14:47,015 --> 00:14:49,729
And is a reason why protestantism breaks apart

399
00:14:49,729 --> 00:14:52,775
into a thousand different sec. It's It's because

400
00:14:52,775 --> 00:14:54,926
it allows now for the freedom to interpret

401
00:14:54,926 --> 00:14:57,873
these ideas in a much more individualistic way.

402
00:14:59,483 --> 00:14:59,961
And that,

403
00:15:00,600 --> 00:15:01,499
that happens

404
00:15:02,116 --> 00:15:02,515
right here.

405
00:15:03,393 --> 00:15:04,670
A lot of that is happening right here.

406
00:15:04,829 --> 00:15:06,745
1 of the great thinkers of that period.

407
00:15:07,395 --> 00:15:08,530
Wrath rat.

408
00:15:12,078 --> 00:15:14,062
Alright? I'll I'll learn Dutch slowly.

409
00:15:15,274 --> 00:15:17,754
Is is again, right here in in Athens

410
00:15:17,754 --> 00:15:20,394
consider in Athens. In the Netherlands considered 1

411
00:15:20,394 --> 00:15:21,934
of the great thinkers

412
00:15:22,488 --> 00:15:24,957
of, the very early reformation,

413
00:15:25,993 --> 00:15:29,100
a a, again, a challenger to Luther. He's

414
00:15:29,100 --> 00:15:31,433
not... He's not buying into the particular

415
00:15:32,141 --> 00:15:34,546
story that Luther telling. He's got his own

416
00:15:34,681 --> 00:15:37,777
interpretation of this with clearly breaking away from

417
00:15:37,777 --> 00:15:40,317
the Catholic church, the authoritarianism, the dogma,

418
00:15:40,888 --> 00:15:42,240
and and, you know,

419
00:15:43,114 --> 00:15:44,569
placing much more

420
00:15:45,261 --> 00:15:46,000
of the

421
00:15:47,965 --> 00:15:49,397
you know, of the input of the,

422
00:15:51,164 --> 00:15:52,921
how you choose your beliefs and how you

423
00:15:52,921 --> 00:15:54,060
choose your ideas

424
00:15:54,599 --> 00:15:56,836
in the in the in the minds of

425
00:15:56,836 --> 00:15:57,850
individuals, in the

426
00:15:58,209 --> 00:16:00,287
belief sets of individuals The lights just went

427
00:16:00,287 --> 00:16:01,406
off somewhere here.

428
00:16:04,123 --> 00:16:06,941
And you see AAA slow progression of

429
00:16:07,400 --> 00:16:09,884
increased in intellectual activity here. I try to

430
00:16:09,884 --> 00:16:10,840
pronounce the other guy's named,

431
00:16:11,875 --> 00:16:13,308
but I can't. So,

432
00:16:14,104 --> 00:16:17,309
another thinker who's crucial is also right here,

433
00:16:18,029 --> 00:16:20,110
crucial to development of the concept of individual

434
00:16:20,110 --> 00:16:21,870
rights, lock is inspired by him.

435
00:16:23,070 --> 00:16:24,690
Also somebody who develops

436
00:16:25,402 --> 00:16:27,862
a significant theory of, just war theory, some

437
00:16:27,862 --> 00:16:29,370
of you know that I've written about this.

438
00:16:31,433 --> 00:16:31,830
And

439
00:16:32,702 --> 00:16:35,180
and and if figure and put... Again, an

440
00:16:35,180 --> 00:16:37,961
important figure within this reformation, another split within

441
00:16:37,961 --> 00:16:40,209
the reformation. And what happens

442
00:16:40,981 --> 00:16:43,802
because of all this more focus on

443
00:16:44,656 --> 00:16:45,156
individual

444
00:16:45,532 --> 00:16:47,226
interpretation rather than on dogma

445
00:16:47,841 --> 00:16:50,731
is that the netherlands become very tolerant,

446
00:16:52,159 --> 00:16:55,056
they they emphasize really religious tolerance. It's actually

447
00:16:55,195 --> 00:16:57,751
declaration of religious tolerance in the Netherlands in

448
00:16:57,751 --> 00:17:00,794
the late sixteenth century, which allows for different

449
00:17:00,794 --> 00:17:03,337
sec to come here and different peoples to

450
00:17:03,337 --> 00:17:05,267
inhabit here. And again, what you get

451
00:17:05,721 --> 00:17:06,777
is significant

452
00:17:07,231 --> 00:17:07,787
migration in,

453
00:17:08,677 --> 00:17:11,008
1 of the 1 of the significant migrations

454
00:17:11,463 --> 00:17:12,816
is a migration of Jews,

455
00:17:13,612 --> 00:17:16,023
Jews who are are persecuted in Spain

456
00:17:16,414 --> 00:17:18,654
who are kicked out of Spain during the

457
00:17:18,654 --> 00:17:19,775
acquisition, go to Portugal,

458
00:17:20,255 --> 00:17:21,134
and then Portugal,

459
00:17:21,855 --> 00:17:23,695
adopt the acquisition. So they all have to

460
00:17:23,695 --> 00:17:25,375
leave Portugal and many of them.

461
00:17:26,108 --> 00:17:28,018
Come to Amsterdam, bringing their wealth,

462
00:17:28,734 --> 00:17:29,530
and their knowledge,

463
00:17:30,246 --> 00:17:30,803
and they

464
00:17:31,360 --> 00:17:32,815
you know, they their contacts

465
00:17:33,429 --> 00:17:35,752
in their ib peninsula. Remember this is appeared

466
00:17:35,752 --> 00:17:37,980
with Spain and Portugal go, a dominant powers

467
00:17:37,980 --> 00:17:40,049
in the world, and they bring their contact

468
00:17:40,049 --> 00:17:42,379
from Siberian in Spain, and they settle here

469
00:17:42,515 --> 00:17:43,868
in amsterdam and they are welcome.

470
00:17:45,076 --> 00:17:47,378
And it's the 1 place in Europe where

471
00:17:47,378 --> 00:17:47,878
there's

472
00:17:48,251 --> 00:17:49,760
very little semitism.

473
00:17:50,871 --> 00:17:52,697
And, of course, 1 of these jews who

474
00:17:52,697 --> 00:17:53,594
come from poor

475
00:17:53,984 --> 00:17:54,544
from Portugal,

476
00:17:55,024 --> 00:17:56,164
is a young man

477
00:17:56,944 --> 00:17:58,304
who is clearly a genius,

478
00:17:58,944 --> 00:18:01,184
is identified within the Jewish community as a

479
00:18:01,184 --> 00:18:01,505
genius,

480
00:18:02,316 --> 00:18:04,962
But there's a challenge with geniuses, particularly geniuses

481
00:18:05,018 --> 00:18:05,757
who are

482
00:18:06,131 --> 00:18:08,912
thinkers who who who are, you know, use

483
00:18:08,912 --> 00:18:10,104
your mind to question.

484
00:18:10,994 --> 00:18:13,075
And the challenge with him his he questions,

485
00:18:13,555 --> 00:18:14,355
Any questions,

486
00:18:14,674 --> 00:18:15,494
any questions

487
00:18:16,035 --> 00:18:18,355
to the point where the rabbi say enough.

488
00:18:19,566 --> 00:18:20,441
Too many questions.

489
00:18:21,316 --> 00:18:22,827
You're challenging our dogma,

490
00:18:23,702 --> 00:18:25,372
and they ultimately kick him out.

491
00:18:26,423 --> 00:18:29,375
They ex communicate him from the religion.

492
00:18:30,732 --> 00:18:33,307
Out of Judaism. His name is Bo spin,

493
00:18:34,019 --> 00:18:36,576
my norm is the great spin... The great

494
00:18:36,576 --> 00:18:37,535
philosopher esp Spin mendoza.

495
00:18:38,413 --> 00:18:41,210
And but he finds within the community of

496
00:18:41,290 --> 00:18:43,620
Intel shows him an amsterdam, he finds a

497
00:18:43,620 --> 00:18:44,120
home

498
00:18:45,057 --> 00:18:45,956
in in

499
00:18:46,574 --> 00:18:47,372
in the Netherlands.

500
00:18:48,090 --> 00:18:50,246
And he creates a community of students around

501
00:18:50,246 --> 00:18:53,683
him. And he has incredible influence on the

502
00:18:53,683 --> 00:18:56,707
thinkers and the students around. Now, again, I'm

503
00:18:56,707 --> 00:18:58,003
no expert, Spin knows

504
00:18:58,711 --> 00:19:02,450
But many writers on the enlightenment consider him

505
00:19:02,450 --> 00:19:03,347
kind of the

506
00:19:03,881 --> 00:19:04,381
original

507
00:19:04,915 --> 00:19:06,688
radical enlightenment thinker

508
00:19:06,998 --> 00:19:08,906
somebody who kinds of sets a tone against,

509
00:19:09,065 --> 00:19:12,323
somebody you influences people like lock, and many

510
00:19:12,323 --> 00:19:14,334
of the French enlightenment thinkers

511
00:19:14,723 --> 00:19:16,975
Spin nose is a crucial force

512
00:19:17,509 --> 00:19:18,009
behind

513
00:19:18,465 --> 00:19:20,239
the establishment of an enlightenment

514
00:19:20,853 --> 00:19:21,649
intellectual world.

515
00:19:24,760 --> 00:19:25,498
The fact

516
00:19:26,108 --> 00:19:27,401
that there is tolerance

517
00:19:27,773 --> 00:19:28,645
in the Netherlands.

518
00:19:31,125 --> 00:19:34,085
Also makes it possible for Netherlands for publishers

519
00:19:34,085 --> 00:19:35,845
and then other, Book publishers in the united

520
00:19:35,845 --> 00:19:37,065
to start publishing

521
00:19:37,605 --> 00:19:39,365
books that other countries will not publish.

522
00:19:40,820 --> 00:19:43,059
So Spin books, which he publishes by the

523
00:19:43,059 --> 00:19:43,960
way, without

524
00:19:44,420 --> 00:19:46,519
signing them without his name anonymously

525
00:19:47,220 --> 00:19:49,473
because they are so controversial in the world

526
00:19:49,473 --> 00:19:50,372
because he's challenging

527
00:19:51,549 --> 00:19:53,385
a Christian or Jewish God.

528
00:19:53,944 --> 00:19:54,843
He's challenging

529
00:19:55,221 --> 00:19:57,935
much of the dogma that exists in the

530
00:19:57,935 --> 00:19:59,470
world They're published here.

531
00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:03,170
The Netherlands becomes the center

532
00:20:03,789 --> 00:20:04,830
of of

533
00:20:05,309 --> 00:20:05,809
publishing,

534
00:20:06,670 --> 00:20:07,710
intellectual books in the world.

535
00:20:08,602 --> 00:20:10,916
That by some estimates, some there were between

536
00:20:10,916 --> 00:20:13,469
50 percent and 2 thirds of all, the

537
00:20:13,469 --> 00:20:14,826
books published in Europe.

538
00:20:16,035 --> 00:20:17,785
Are published here in the Netherlands.

539
00:20:18,979 --> 00:20:22,717
Anybody controversial is publishing here. They're willing to

540
00:20:22,717 --> 00:20:23,354
publish him here.

541
00:20:24,642 --> 00:20:24,881
So

542
00:20:25,837 --> 00:20:26,156
you know,

543
00:20:27,111 --> 00:20:30,218
when Law has leave England because he's worried

544
00:20:30,218 --> 00:20:31,253
because there's a Catholic King,

545
00:20:32,209 --> 00:20:32,846
he comes here.

546
00:20:34,057 --> 00:20:36,048
When volta tear wants to publish books,

547
00:20:36,845 --> 00:20:39,554
in the eighteenth century, they're published in Amsterdam.

548
00:20:40,430 --> 00:20:42,434
So think have think after to think who

549
00:20:42,434 --> 00:20:43,650
are controversial

550
00:20:44,581 --> 00:20:47,626
and who faced censorship in their local communities

551
00:20:47,682 --> 00:20:50,965
in their local countries, are publishing in Amsterdam

552
00:20:50,965 --> 00:20:52,642
and then there's an entire networks during the

553
00:20:52,642 --> 00:20:53,999
enlightenment. I mean, the alignments are fascinating than

554
00:20:53,999 --> 00:20:55,835
any period. But their entire networks,

555
00:20:56,314 --> 00:20:57,991
a book smuggling if you will.

556
00:20:58,884 --> 00:21:00,638
Because these books are banned in different countries.

557
00:21:00,797 --> 00:21:02,094
And yet they reach

558
00:21:02,631 --> 00:21:03,508
all over Europe.

559
00:21:04,066 --> 00:21:06,458
So everybody is reading or all the intellectual

560
00:21:06,458 --> 00:21:07,987
are reading these books. In spite of the

561
00:21:07,987 --> 00:21:10,535
fact that they're being since band. But Ams

562
00:21:10,535 --> 00:21:12,049
amsterdam is a hub of that. Ams amsterdam

563
00:21:12,049 --> 00:21:14,438
is the middle of that, the publishing industry

564
00:21:14,438 --> 00:21:16,270
here until the end of the eighteenth century

565
00:21:16,270 --> 00:21:18,684
in is a dominant publishing industry in the

566
00:21:18,684 --> 00:21:18,924
world.

567
00:21:20,444 --> 00:21:20,944
So

568
00:21:21,804 --> 00:21:23,505
these are just some of

569
00:21:24,138 --> 00:21:26,200
what you get if you if you if

570
00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:28,580
you think about finance, the world of finance,

571
00:21:29,849 --> 00:21:32,404
the first stock market in the world, is

572
00:21:32,404 --> 00:21:33,845
right here in Amsterdam.

573
00:21:35,045 --> 00:21:35,785
The first

574
00:21:36,244 --> 00:21:37,384
publicly listed

575
00:21:38,484 --> 00:21:38,984
corporation

576
00:21:39,619 --> 00:21:42,251
is here in Amsterdam, the East India company,

577
00:21:42,730 --> 00:21:45,702
which is responsible for Dutch colonialism,

578
00:21:46,399 --> 00:21:48,313
particularly in Indonesia and the Far East.

579
00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:52,152
1 of the 1 of the reasons just

580
00:21:52,152 --> 00:21:54,142
to round out. Right, 1 of the reasons,

581
00:21:54,221 --> 00:21:56,769
the museum here, the the museum of Ava

582
00:21:56,769 --> 00:21:59,019
dam has It used to be there used

583
00:21:59,019 --> 00:22:00,880
to be a whole segment of the museum

584
00:22:01,019 --> 00:22:02,399
about the golden age

585
00:22:02,700 --> 00:22:03,579
of the Netherlands.

586
00:22:04,220 --> 00:22:06,059
Right? This is the age of Rem brand

587
00:22:06,059 --> 00:22:06,779
and Vi.

588
00:22:07,352 --> 00:22:09,022
This is the age of the great painting

589
00:22:09,022 --> 00:22:12,044
and the wealth and and and everything we've

590
00:22:12,044 --> 00:22:13,952
described and the intellectual of spin.

591
00:22:14,350 --> 00:22:16,418
Well, now it's no longer called to golden

592
00:22:16,418 --> 00:22:18,428
age. Golden age has being removed.

593
00:22:19,626 --> 00:22:21,864
Why anybody know why the they they no

594
00:22:21,864 --> 00:22:23,222
longer call it the golden age.

595
00:22:25,713 --> 00:22:27,144
It's not politically correct, but why?

596
00:22:28,893 --> 00:22:31,778
Well, because of colonialism and 1 real sin

597
00:22:31,835 --> 00:22:34,697
that the that that that the Dutch committed,

598
00:22:36,382 --> 00:22:38,449
not a not a politically correct sin, but

599
00:22:38,449 --> 00:22:40,061
1 1 real. What

600
00:22:40,674 --> 00:22:42,923
what would do they trade? Well, the

601
00:22:43,474 --> 00:22:46,052
Yes. The so so the the the largest

602
00:22:47,230 --> 00:22:49,089
the largest slave merchants

603
00:22:49,628 --> 00:22:50,187
during the

604
00:22:50,747 --> 00:22:52,585
during the seventeenth Century with the Dutch.

605
00:22:53,318 --> 00:22:56,348
So they had the the slave votes. They

606
00:22:56,348 --> 00:22:56,907
they... So...

607
00:22:59,299 --> 00:23:01,134
No. It was actually... I mean, It was

608
00:23:01,134 --> 00:23:03,220
actually the Dutch for a while. They later

609
00:23:03,220 --> 00:23:04,651
replaced by the British, by the English,

610
00:23:05,684 --> 00:23:07,036
but for a while, it was the Dutch

611
00:23:07,036 --> 00:23:08,092
who had the largest.

612
00:23:09,818 --> 00:23:10,954
Dutch it's

613
00:23:13,654 --> 00:23:15,090
Now you blame Holland. Okay.

614
00:23:16,047 --> 00:23:16,924
Now it's just holland.

615
00:23:18,919 --> 00:23:20,514
At 1 other point I wanna make,

616
00:23:22,282 --> 00:23:23,634
make a lot of points. But 1 other

617
00:23:23,634 --> 00:23:25,542
point is during this period. 1 of the

618
00:23:25,542 --> 00:23:26,893
amazing thing when I was reading about this

619
00:23:26,893 --> 00:23:28,642
is during this period when when

620
00:23:29,199 --> 00:23:31,106
Netherlands became as as it became.

621
00:23:32,236 --> 00:23:33,988
It was actually a period of war.

622
00:23:35,581 --> 00:23:39,245
The netherlands for an 80 year war. 88

623
00:23:39,245 --> 00:23:41,274
0 year war against Spanish

624
00:23:41,654 --> 00:23:42,375
for independence.

625
00:23:43,494 --> 00:23:44,794
And it lasted

626
00:23:45,174 --> 00:23:48,134
technically, it lasted 80 years. It only ended

627
00:23:48,134 --> 00:23:49,390
in 16 48

628
00:23:49,588 --> 00:23:51,439
with the signing of the was australian

629
00:23:53,163 --> 00:23:55,388
peace treaty, which also ended the 30 year

630
00:23:55,388 --> 00:23:55,547
war,

631
00:23:56,674 --> 00:23:58,022
30 year award for those of you don't

632
00:23:58,022 --> 00:23:59,689
know, probably the most brutal war and all

633
00:23:59,689 --> 00:24:01,514
of european he in history on a per

634
00:24:01,514 --> 00:24:03,498
capita, casualty per capita basis.

635
00:24:04,390 --> 00:24:06,869
The Germans managed to kill a third of

636
00:24:06,869 --> 00:24:08,089
the own population

637
00:24:09,349 --> 00:24:10,869
in the name of what? Anybody you know

638
00:24:10,869 --> 00:24:12,549
what the war was fought in name of?

639
00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:15,587
Religion. So this was the war between Catholics

640
00:24:15,587 --> 00:24:16,301
and protestants.

641
00:24:16,698 --> 00:24:19,397
And within Germany, a third of the population

642
00:24:19,397 --> 00:24:20,508
was was was slaughtered.

643
00:24:21,796 --> 00:24:24,027
Over during the 30 year war. But at

644
00:24:24,027 --> 00:24:25,541
same time the 30 year war was going

645
00:24:25,541 --> 00:24:27,294
on here in the Netherlands are fighting an

646
00:24:27,294 --> 00:24:28,750
80 year war against Spanish

647
00:24:29,286 --> 00:24:30,560
to achieve their independence.

648
00:24:31,534 --> 00:24:33,132
And while they're fighting that war,

649
00:24:33,851 --> 00:24:36,327
they're also becoming the richest country in the

650
00:24:36,327 --> 00:24:38,619
world, in spite of the wall, you know

651
00:24:38,819 --> 00:24:40,653
the the marxist might say because of the

652
00:24:40,653 --> 00:24:42,328
world, but it is in spite of the

653
00:24:42,328 --> 00:24:43,865
world. Right? So

654
00:24:44,242 --> 00:24:47,055
this is an incredibly rich place an incredibly

655
00:24:47,113 --> 00:24:47,831
interesting place.

656
00:24:49,045 --> 00:24:50,184
A place where

657
00:24:50,724 --> 00:24:52,565
immigration played a huge positive role.

658
00:24:53,285 --> 00:24:54,724
1 of the things that happened is Spain

659
00:24:54,724 --> 00:24:57,045
took over the South Netherlands, which today is

660
00:24:57,045 --> 00:24:57,765
called Belgium.

661
00:24:58,418 --> 00:24:59,215
Right? And

662
00:24:59,932 --> 00:25:00,831
all the protestants,

663
00:25:02,005 --> 00:25:04,955
the the Spanish required the protestants to leave.

664
00:25:05,114 --> 00:25:07,442
They had 4 years. To pack up their

665
00:25:07,442 --> 00:25:08,560
stuff and leave.

666
00:25:09,518 --> 00:25:11,593
And where did they all come? They left

667
00:25:11,593 --> 00:25:14,169
un unbroken, which was 1 of the wealthiest

668
00:25:14,228 --> 00:25:16,878
most successful trading ports and they all came

669
00:25:16,878 --> 00:25:19,754
here again to the Amsterdam and its regions

670
00:25:19,754 --> 00:25:20,074
and

671
00:25:20,712 --> 00:25:22,810
and the Netherlands. So it's a place of

672
00:25:23,282 --> 00:25:25,670
in immigration. It's a place of wealth.

673
00:25:26,545 --> 00:25:28,694
And it's a place of intellectual activity, and

674
00:25:28,694 --> 00:25:31,161
that's not an accident. It's intellectual it's set

675
00:25:31,161 --> 00:25:33,346
up, set this up These human

676
00:25:33,959 --> 00:25:36,740
was setting this place up as a place

677
00:25:36,740 --> 00:25:37,558
that had

678
00:25:38,488 --> 00:25:39,226
a positive

679
00:25:39,600 --> 00:25:41,924
attitude was the individual. A place,

680
00:25:42,565 --> 00:25:42,884
really,

681
00:25:43,525 --> 00:25:45,684
maybe the first place in Europe to start

682
00:25:45,684 --> 00:25:46,644
celebrating wealth,

683
00:25:47,845 --> 00:25:49,125
celebrating achievement,

684
00:25:49,779 --> 00:25:50,758
having a positive

685
00:25:51,296 --> 00:25:52,514
attitude towards wealth

686
00:25:55,287 --> 00:25:57,682
because think about the Christian attitude to towards

687
00:25:57,682 --> 00:25:57,921
wealth,

688
00:25:59,292 --> 00:26:01,922
Even in Italy, there was a huge amount

689
00:26:01,922 --> 00:26:02,661
of criticism

690
00:26:03,117 --> 00:26:03,936
ongoing within

691
00:26:04,631 --> 00:26:06,167
christianity and with their catholicism,

692
00:26:06,879 --> 00:26:09,119
attacking wealth creation. Here,

693
00:26:09,759 --> 00:26:10,960
at least for that period,

694
00:26:11,519 --> 00:26:12,500
there was real

695
00:26:13,039 --> 00:26:14,720
celebration of that wealth.

696
00:26:16,170 --> 00:26:18,500
At the Netherlands ultimately starts declining

697
00:26:18,874 --> 00:26:21,101
for a variety of different political reasons. It

698
00:26:21,101 --> 00:26:23,509
gets attacked by the French and ultimately,

699
00:26:24,380 --> 00:26:25,279
that happens,

700
00:26:25,980 --> 00:26:29,339
after the Netherlands Conquer En, England. Right? Are

701
00:26:29,339 --> 00:26:30,140
there any British here?

702
00:26:30,940 --> 00:26:33,182
Right? Yeah. I mean, it's the Netherlands that

703
00:26:33,182 --> 00:26:33,895
conquer you guys.

704
00:26:35,085 --> 00:26:37,860
William for orange rounds arrives in England and

705
00:26:38,098 --> 00:26:39,208
and basically becomes king.

706
00:26:39,858 --> 00:26:42,586
And starts to lion and cent of gravity

707
00:26:42,722 --> 00:26:44,949
interestingly enough of economic activity,

708
00:26:45,745 --> 00:26:46,381
intellectual activity,

709
00:26:47,032 --> 00:26:47,532
trade

710
00:26:48,066 --> 00:26:51,269
and military might shift from the Netherlands to

711
00:26:51,643 --> 00:26:52,676
to the United Kingdom,

712
00:26:53,392 --> 00:26:55,797
and The Netherlands starts declining as the United

713
00:26:55,957 --> 00:26:57,494
Kingdom starts rising

714
00:26:58,112 --> 00:26:58,612
significantly

715
00:26:58,990 --> 00:27:01,545
in every 1 of those dimensions. And even

716
00:27:01,545 --> 00:27:03,062
if you look at the odds, the art

717
00:27:03,062 --> 00:27:03,940
starts declining,

718
00:27:04,751 --> 00:27:06,819
and by the nineteenth century, clearly, the center

719
00:27:06,819 --> 00:27:08,092
of gravity has shifted

720
00:27:08,490 --> 00:27:08,990
statically

721
00:27:09,444 --> 00:27:10,558
to places like france.

722
00:27:11,609 --> 00:27:13,766
And away from the Netherlands. But this is

723
00:27:13,766 --> 00:27:16,583
a... It's an example of this city rising

724
00:27:16,802 --> 00:27:18,421
being incredibly successful

725
00:27:18,814 --> 00:27:21,207
and then kind of peaking and and tapering

726
00:27:21,207 --> 00:27:21,526
off.

727
00:27:22,324 --> 00:27:24,259
But a an example of

728
00:27:24,716 --> 00:27:25,216
vibrant

729
00:27:25,594 --> 00:27:28,066
intellectual activity... Aesthetic activity to follow up on

730
00:27:28,226 --> 00:27:28,680
Nico

731
00:27:29,993 --> 00:27:33,676
you want intellectual vibrant intellectual, vibrant aesthetics

732
00:27:34,211 --> 00:27:37,553
and a vibrant economy, the foundations, the the

733
00:27:37,553 --> 00:27:38,053
the

734
00:27:39,083 --> 00:27:40,621
ideas and the foundations

735
00:27:41,079 --> 00:27:43,415
that later become kind of british

736
00:27:44,432 --> 00:27:47,705
and American capitalism, the ideas of individual rights,

737
00:27:47,959 --> 00:27:50,656
the ideas of secularism in, Spin mendoza and

738
00:27:50,656 --> 00:27:50,974
others,

739
00:27:51,608 --> 00:27:52,108
those

740
00:27:52,561 --> 00:27:54,544
foundations are laid right here in the city.

741
00:27:55,512 --> 00:27:57,818
So enjoy it as you walk around,

742
00:27:58,534 --> 00:28:00,521
appreciate it. It is a testament to the

743
00:28:00,521 --> 00:28:02,589
human mind. It is a testament to human

744
00:28:02,589 --> 00:28:02,907
engineering.

745
00:28:03,479 --> 00:28:06,371
It's a testament to human success and prosperity.

746
00:28:06,908 --> 00:28:07,307
Thank you.

747
00:28:14,023 --> 00:28:16,259
Alright. I know there were... So the questions,

748
00:28:17,538 --> 00:28:19,455
any questions on this, but also, I know

749
00:28:19,455 --> 00:28:21,568
people, had questions from yesterday

750
00:28:22,187 --> 00:28:23,865
that they didn't get to ask. There was

751
00:28:23,865 --> 00:28:26,023
a long line of questions and people didn't

752
00:28:26,023 --> 00:28:27,382
get to ask or feel free to ask

753
00:28:27,382 --> 00:28:30,191
about anything you want, including what we covered

754
00:28:30,191 --> 00:28:31,385
yesterday or anything else.

755
00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:37,196
Is this working?

756
00:28:37,847 --> 00:28:38,085
Yeah.

757
00:28:39,198 --> 00:28:39,357
Okay.

758
00:28:41,423 --> 00:28:43,829
It relates to what you talked about now

759
00:28:43,886 --> 00:28:46,943
as well, but, does the capacity to? Automate

760
00:28:47,716 --> 00:28:50,658
romantic art and other aesthetic forms through Ai

761
00:28:50,658 --> 00:28:52,010
programs like Mid journey,

762
00:28:52,566 --> 00:28:55,668
which can incorporate centuries of artistic technology in

763
00:28:55,668 --> 00:28:56,168
minutes

764
00:28:56,718 --> 00:28:59,610
diminish its value in Rand view of objective

765
00:28:59,669 --> 00:29:04,315
aesthetics will art ultimately favor content over technical

766
00:29:04,613 --> 00:29:04,852
skill.

767
00:29:09,809 --> 00:29:10,447
I don't know.

768
00:29:11,962 --> 00:29:13,099
I mean, I think it's fascinating.

769
00:29:14,209 --> 00:29:17,506
I think we're in for a period where

770
00:29:17,645 --> 00:29:19,882
art is going to have to... Artists are

771
00:29:19,882 --> 00:29:21,720
gonna have to figure this out.

772
00:29:22,771 --> 00:29:23,805
And figure out,

773
00:29:24,601 --> 00:29:28,020
what these tools are capable of, where does

774
00:29:28,020 --> 00:29:30,508
their artistic expression come in

775
00:29:30,898 --> 00:29:32,591
how do they use these tools

776
00:29:32,966 --> 00:29:33,466
better

777
00:29:34,238 --> 00:29:35,909
to enhance their own art.

778
00:29:37,579 --> 00:29:38,931
What is just copying?

779
00:29:39,344 --> 00:29:42,537
And dull and uni interesting and what is

780
00:29:42,537 --> 00:29:44,452
a true aesthetic experience.

781
00:29:45,410 --> 00:29:47,859
It it it it is it is

782
00:29:48,454 --> 00:29:50,517
it's going to be complicated and it's gonna

783
00:29:50,517 --> 00:29:52,976
be super interesting. And and if you're an

784
00:29:52,976 --> 00:29:54,245
artist today. And I think if you have

785
00:29:54,245 --> 00:29:54,800
anything today,

786
00:29:55,453 --> 00:29:58,265
you've got any profession? You've gotta start thinking

787
00:29:58,323 --> 00:29:58,563
about,

788
00:29:59,360 --> 00:30:01,353
how is this new technology going to affect

789
00:30:01,353 --> 00:30:03,448
me? How is this new technology?

790
00:30:04,159 --> 00:30:06,388
How can I make it a tool to

791
00:30:06,388 --> 00:30:07,503
make myself better?

792
00:30:08,300 --> 00:30:09,813
The last thing you want is to be

793
00:30:09,813 --> 00:30:11,725
afraid of it. The last thing you want

794
00:30:11,725 --> 00:30:13,885
is to present it, The last thing you

795
00:30:13,885 --> 00:30:15,867
want is to try to protect your stuff

796
00:30:15,867 --> 00:30:17,215
from it because it it's it's...

797
00:30:18,166 --> 00:30:20,014
You know, this is an amazing technology.

798
00:30:20,799 --> 00:30:23,426
It it can contribute enormously to human progress

799
00:30:23,426 --> 00:30:26,133
and human success. I'm sure that in the

800
00:30:26,133 --> 00:30:27,805
hands of the right artists,

801
00:30:28,681 --> 00:30:31,654
it can enhance our aesthetic experiences,

802
00:30:32,055 --> 00:30:33,654
but you're gonna have the right off, you're

803
00:30:33,654 --> 00:30:35,174
gonna have to find the right right artist.

804
00:30:35,335 --> 00:30:36,715
And and 1 of the

805
00:30:37,589 --> 00:30:39,346
1 of the really sad things about the

806
00:30:39,346 --> 00:30:41,184
world in which we live is how few

807
00:30:41,184 --> 00:30:41,924
great art

808
00:30:42,862 --> 00:30:43,980
artists they are today.

809
00:30:45,033 --> 00:30:46,308
III

810
00:30:46,308 --> 00:30:48,461
can't think of very many areas in which

811
00:30:48,461 --> 00:30:50,854
they are all good. Maybe in the... Maybe

812
00:30:50,854 --> 00:30:52,847
in the movies, Tv stuff there's there's some

813
00:30:52,847 --> 00:30:53,700
good artists, but,

814
00:30:54,379 --> 00:30:56,136
you know, I I don't consider much of

815
00:30:56,136 --> 00:30:59,492
the music today, particularly autistic. There's almost no

816
00:30:59,492 --> 00:31:01,330
painting in sculpture. That's worth anything.

817
00:31:02,224 --> 00:31:03,742
The play writers as novel lists,

818
00:31:04,620 --> 00:31:06,538
you know, there's this some, but nothing great,

819
00:31:06,697 --> 00:31:08,215
nothing that is really outstanding.

820
00:31:09,109 --> 00:31:10,390
So first, we have to get the great

821
00:31:10,390 --> 00:31:11,670
artist, and then they have to figure out

822
00:31:11,670 --> 00:31:13,910
how to work with Ai. The problem is

823
00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:15,369
going to be that we're gonna be flooded

824
00:31:15,829 --> 00:31:16,569
by mediocre

825
00:31:17,109 --> 00:31:17,990
superficial stupid stuff.

826
00:31:19,043 --> 00:31:20,718
Okay. Thank you That that that's gonna be

827
00:31:20,718 --> 00:31:21,675
what's gonna dominate.

828
00:31:22,233 --> 00:31:22,473
Thanks.

829
00:31:24,148 --> 00:31:25,982
Hi. So my question rates to 1 part

830
00:31:25,982 --> 00:31:28,317
of like talk. So do you think that's

831
00:31:28,788 --> 00:31:31,494
which 1 of the denomination of Krishna christianity

832
00:31:31,494 --> 00:31:32,631
better, protest

833
00:31:33,166 --> 00:31:33,666
or.

834
00:31:37,162 --> 00:31:39,076
Do you wanna die of cancer a heart

835
00:31:39,076 --> 00:31:39,315
attack?

836
00:31:42,106 --> 00:31:43,063
It better for what,

837
00:31:44,020 --> 00:31:44,897
and better for whom?

838
00:31:46,108 --> 00:31:46,608
So

839
00:31:46,986 --> 00:31:47,225
you know,

840
00:31:48,262 --> 00:31:49,400
catholicism has

841
00:31:50,256 --> 00:31:51,213
quote Advantage,

842
00:31:52,250 --> 00:31:55,200
of being of of of appealing for the

843
00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:55,494
most

844
00:31:56,089 --> 00:31:57,914
of appealing in a certain segment of it

845
00:31:57,914 --> 00:31:59,579
and certain part of it to kind of

846
00:31:59,579 --> 00:32:01,190
this idea of reason and

847
00:32:01,959 --> 00:32:03,070
and figuring stuff out,

848
00:32:04,117 --> 00:32:06,208
in in real detail, protestantism,

849
00:32:07,299 --> 00:32:10,003
particularly as it manifested itself played in in

850
00:32:10,003 --> 00:32:10,481
evangelical,

851
00:32:11,926 --> 00:32:14,785
is very emotional. It's a very about being

852
00:32:14,785 --> 00:32:18,860
being emotional, expressing emotion and and put reason

853
00:32:18,916 --> 00:32:19,551
aside. Right?

854
00:32:21,633 --> 00:32:22,929
But which protestants...

855
00:32:24,258 --> 00:32:25,690
Did all of them are different.

856
00:32:26,963 --> 00:32:29,289
I you know, I hesitate to say this

857
00:32:29,289 --> 00:32:31,044
because I'm not an a story and and

858
00:32:31,044 --> 00:32:32,480
and somebody's gonna have to really do the

859
00:32:32,480 --> 00:32:34,633
work, by the way, maybe some of you

860
00:32:34,633 --> 00:32:36,308
will do this work. I think it's fascinating

861
00:32:36,308 --> 00:32:37,759
because the more I read about this the

862
00:32:37,759 --> 00:32:39,039
more interesting I get into.

863
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:41,779
But the advantage of pot

864
00:32:42,080 --> 00:32:42,580
protestantism

865
00:32:43,279 --> 00:32:46,500
or whatever. Right? Yeah of the reformation is

866
00:32:47,212 --> 00:32:48,804
that again, it breaks the dogma.

867
00:32:49,599 --> 00:32:51,372
But but there's also this weird

868
00:32:52,225 --> 00:32:54,771
situation where Calvin and and Luther. Calvin and

869
00:32:54,930 --> 00:32:55,169
Luther.

870
00:32:56,218 --> 00:32:58,528
A really, really, really h people.

871
00:32:59,404 --> 00:33:01,497
I mean, it's hard to over

872
00:33:02,113 --> 00:33:04,205
overstate how h they are and how

873
00:33:04,661 --> 00:33:07,148
how how the... What they think about us

874
00:33:07,148 --> 00:33:08,584
as human beings. I mean, they think we

875
00:33:08,584 --> 00:33:09,323
have fallen

876
00:33:10,020 --> 00:33:11,397
where with despicable,

877
00:33:12,413 --> 00:33:13,950
they also think you're pre

878
00:33:15,220 --> 00:33:17,380
to either go to heaven or hell. So

879
00:33:17,380 --> 00:33:18,179
before you're born,

880
00:33:19,140 --> 00:33:20,900
you'll be determined about whether you go to

881
00:33:20,900 --> 00:33:21,380
heaven an hell.

882
00:33:22,019 --> 00:33:24,019
And there's a sense in which people took

883
00:33:24,019 --> 00:33:25,795
that to me, it doesn't really matter what

884
00:33:25,875 --> 00:33:26,835
I do while I'm alive.

885
00:33:27,634 --> 00:33:29,154
I'm already determined where they go to heaven

886
00:33:29,154 --> 00:33:30,535
a hell. So if the Catholics

887
00:33:31,154 --> 00:33:33,154
really towards the end of their life really

888
00:33:33,154 --> 00:33:33,714
focused on...

889
00:33:34,448 --> 00:33:36,513
Doing altruistic stuff and giving their money waste

890
00:33:36,513 --> 00:33:38,022
they could buy themselves into heaven.

891
00:33:39,134 --> 00:33:41,676
Calvin and Luther says forget it. You it's

892
00:33:41,676 --> 00:33:43,761
already determined, so you can try all you

893
00:33:43,761 --> 00:33:45,356
want. If you're going to hell, you're going

894
00:33:45,356 --> 00:33:47,190
to hell. And 1 of the things that

895
00:33:47,190 --> 00:33:47,690
happened

896
00:33:48,306 --> 00:33:51,415
is that a charitable giving towards the end

897
00:33:51,415 --> 00:33:53,518
of 1 life dropped significantly

898
00:33:54,129 --> 00:33:55,874
in in the protestant world, and there was

899
00:33:55,874 --> 00:33:58,095
much more of accumulation of capital within families.

900
00:33:58,491 --> 00:34:01,070
There was much more inheritance since passed along

901
00:34:01,207 --> 00:34:03,513
to children, and there was much more accumulation

902
00:34:03,513 --> 00:34:05,421
of capital and the Protestant world was in

903
00:34:05,421 --> 00:34:07,273
the catholic quote because

904
00:34:08,205 --> 00:34:10,208
it's you know, because of this idea of

905
00:34:10,208 --> 00:34:12,515
pre destination. Then the other thing that happened

906
00:34:12,515 --> 00:34:14,821
was, you know, us as being considered a

907
00:34:14,821 --> 00:34:17,224
sin by by the Catholic Church. And the

908
00:34:17,304 --> 00:34:19,699
Catholic Church and Usually is not excess interest.

909
00:34:19,938 --> 00:34:21,454
Used was perceived. As any interest.

910
00:34:22,812 --> 00:34:25,606
So there was real difficulty in doing banking,

911
00:34:26,498 --> 00:34:28,091
in in the Catholic world.

912
00:34:30,082 --> 00:34:30,582
Luther

913
00:34:30,958 --> 00:34:32,710
view was, he says, look,

914
00:34:33,826 --> 00:34:35,042
this world sucks

915
00:34:35,353 --> 00:34:38,609
This is an awful sinful horrible world. You

916
00:34:38,609 --> 00:34:39,561
wanna do usually,

917
00:34:40,197 --> 00:34:42,341
go ahead. It doesn't matter.

918
00:34:43,388 --> 00:34:44,975
He literally says he says in the kingdom

919
00:34:44,975 --> 00:34:46,722
of heaven, there's no user.

920
00:34:47,197 --> 00:34:49,975
The ideal, there's no user, but this world,

921
00:34:51,025 --> 00:34:52,223
it's gru anyway.

922
00:34:53,262 --> 00:34:56,298
So go foot, so banking develops here in

923
00:34:56,298 --> 00:34:58,216
a way that it cannot in the south

924
00:34:58,216 --> 00:35:00,069
and 1 of the reasons I think, that

925
00:35:00,069 --> 00:35:01,767
the north becomes richer

926
00:35:02,386 --> 00:35:05,182
than Italy, which starts off much richer because

927
00:35:05,182 --> 00:35:06,380
it has the heritage of rome,

928
00:35:07,193 --> 00:35:08,250
is because

929
00:35:08,703 --> 00:35:09,203
people

930
00:35:09,657 --> 00:35:10,555
quote, allowed

931
00:35:11,565 --> 00:35:14,211
to to engage in economic activity

932
00:35:15,079 --> 00:35:17,018
because, you know, who cares

933
00:35:17,637 --> 00:35:19,815
what really matters is the next world, so

934
00:35:20,034 --> 00:35:21,632
it enjoy this 1. Right?

935
00:35:22,432 --> 00:35:24,270
If you can and you'll pre destined anyway.

936
00:35:24,922 --> 00:35:26,912
And they don't take... I mean, obviously, you

937
00:35:26,912 --> 00:35:28,743
you can't be motivated that way. That is

938
00:35:28,743 --> 00:35:30,812
the individuals and are motivated that way. But

939
00:35:30,812 --> 00:35:32,960
at least, it takes a certain burden off

940
00:35:32,960 --> 00:35:35,065
them and it takes a certain level of

941
00:35:35,121 --> 00:35:37,182
authoritarianism off of them. So

942
00:35:37,896 --> 00:35:39,244
it... So in that sense, in terms of

943
00:35:39,244 --> 00:35:41,885
the economic development, I think the broadest world

944
00:35:42,194 --> 00:35:43,710
is better. I don't think it's about the

945
00:35:43,710 --> 00:35:44,747
protestant work ethic.

946
00:35:45,385 --> 00:35:47,481
I think it's about this idea of

947
00:35:49,056 --> 00:35:51,785
Go Right? And there's no authoritarian dogma. This

948
00:35:51,785 --> 00:35:52,902
is what you have to do,

949
00:35:54,020 --> 00:35:55,697
all the time. There's much more of leaving

950
00:35:55,697 --> 00:35:57,373
it enough to use as an individual to

951
00:35:57,373 --> 00:35:58,810
decide the nature of your faith.

952
00:35:59,544 --> 00:36:00,343
Rather than

953
00:36:00,902 --> 00:36:03,458
a particular formula that the catholic church sticks

954
00:36:03,458 --> 00:36:03,618
to.

955
00:36:04,737 --> 00:36:05,056
Thank you.

956
00:36:06,988 --> 00:36:08,847
But they're both Horrible. Just

957
00:36:10,025 --> 00:36:11,223
I'm very anti christian.

958
00:36:11,942 --> 00:36:12,341
I

959
00:36:12,821 --> 00:36:13,700
Said that yesterday.

960
00:36:14,035 --> 00:36:15,954
And we compete on who's more anti Christian,

961
00:36:16,114 --> 00:36:17,175
the 2 of us. So

962
00:36:17,554 --> 00:36:19,155
then I'm sure you'd love this question. Yeah.

963
00:36:20,434 --> 00:36:22,934
This is a difficult somewhat here 1 with

964
00:36:23,328 --> 00:36:25,238
when you look at religions, there's only non

965
00:36:25,238 --> 00:36:27,648
objective and objective thinking, Right? And

966
00:36:28,023 --> 00:36:30,490
the subjective thinking, whether it's religion, marxism, whatever,

967
00:36:30,825 --> 00:36:33,644
It's all wishy washy, not objective and

968
00:36:34,105 --> 00:36:35,625
looking at religions this way.

969
00:36:36,585 --> 00:36:39,320
I'm interested to hear your opinion. Seeing that

970
00:36:39,320 --> 00:36:41,160
the 30 years war is not very different

971
00:36:41,160 --> 00:36:43,400
from the religious conflicts of Ireland and today

972
00:36:43,400 --> 00:36:45,719
in Israel I must, they're not throwing theological

973
00:36:45,719 --> 00:36:46,119
arguments,

974
00:36:46,934 --> 00:36:48,534
Sweden got involved in the 30 years were

975
00:36:48,534 --> 00:36:51,414
to protect protestant lives, and they certainly didn't

976
00:36:51,414 --> 00:36:53,015
do it because they wanted to get their

977
00:36:53,015 --> 00:36:53,835
point across,

978
00:36:54,375 --> 00:36:55,894
to the Christian to the Catholic church.

979
00:36:57,030 --> 00:36:57,530
So

980
00:36:58,630 --> 00:36:59,849
to draw another

981
00:37:00,550 --> 00:37:02,630
string of reference you put in yesterday, which

982
00:37:02,630 --> 00:37:04,469
was you'd like the country the world to

983
00:37:04,469 --> 00:37:06,397
be as few countries as possible, These big

984
00:37:06,397 --> 00:37:06,636
blocks.

985
00:37:07,353 --> 00:37:10,162
Yeah. I would love to hear your

986
00:37:10,777 --> 00:37:13,028
stance on this, then when you see that

987
00:37:13,659 --> 00:37:15,274
if you look at Christianity

988
00:37:15,810 --> 00:37:17,961
compared to Islam, how much of a how

989
00:37:17,961 --> 00:37:20,851
how often Christianity splits off from itself

990
00:37:21,227 --> 00:37:22,741
and how much Islam doesn't?

991
00:37:23,393 --> 00:37:24,450
When you look at

992
00:37:24,904 --> 00:37:27,847
certainly, the objective thinkers of the world are

993
00:37:27,847 --> 00:37:28,483
not in majority,

994
00:37:29,199 --> 00:37:29,915
yet, Hopefully,

995
00:37:30,869 --> 00:37:31,188
Hopefully,

996
00:37:32,797 --> 00:37:34,552
It seems to me that all the free

997
00:37:34,552 --> 00:37:37,287
states of the world are ones that that

998
00:37:37,425 --> 00:37:39,421
managed to play the big states off of

999
00:37:39,421 --> 00:37:41,611
each other. It seems to me that the

1000
00:37:42,388 --> 00:37:44,303
religion that reformed itself that the peasants were

1001
00:37:44,303 --> 00:37:45,740
allowed to read the bible themselves because you

1002
00:37:45,740 --> 00:37:47,096
were supposed to think for yourself now.

1003
00:37:47,988 --> 00:37:49,974
And make your own opinion of this, it

1004
00:37:49,974 --> 00:37:52,515
seems that the only reason Americas survived the

1005
00:37:52,515 --> 00:37:54,898
greatest political document, the founding fathers that even

1006
00:37:54,898 --> 00:37:57,042
though they were d in grand Revered. Yeah.

1007
00:37:57,695 --> 00:37:59,695
As the best that we had until now.

1008
00:38:00,094 --> 00:38:01,454
Yeah. And that's the way I see it

1009
00:38:01,454 --> 00:38:03,295
too. So I would like to see your

1010
00:38:03,295 --> 00:38:04,035
point of

1011
00:38:04,494 --> 00:38:05,394
aren't you

1012
00:38:06,265 --> 00:38:07,800
with this perspective, of

1013
00:38:08,335 --> 00:38:08,835
these

1014
00:38:09,528 --> 00:38:11,836
objective as close to objective as thinkers as

1015
00:38:11,836 --> 00:38:12,154
possible.

1016
00:38:13,283 --> 00:38:15,590
It being a 2000 year journey in that

1017
00:38:15,590 --> 00:38:17,978
sense of humanity actually learning to think for

1018
00:38:17,978 --> 00:38:18,876
itself and

1019
00:38:19,728 --> 00:38:22,460
playing the big non objective powers against each

1020
00:38:22,460 --> 00:38:24,139
other because if France and England formed that

1021
00:38:24,139 --> 00:38:26,539
personal union. Yeah. American never would have been.

1022
00:38:27,500 --> 00:38:29,900
And we would have 200000 years more maybe

1023
00:38:29,900 --> 00:38:32,485
of So I don't view as,

1024
00:38:33,019 --> 00:38:35,564
you know, a size of country or anything

1025
00:38:35,564 --> 00:38:36,757
like that as being relevant.

1026
00:38:37,809 --> 00:38:37,969
Look,

1027
00:38:39,570 --> 00:38:41,429
but there's a there's a hint there of

1028
00:38:41,650 --> 00:38:43,570
it's christianity to give us the modern world.

1029
00:38:43,730 --> 00:38:45,489
And the answer to that is no no.

1030
00:38:45,730 --> 00:38:45,969
No.

1031
00:38:46,784 --> 00:38:49,737
It's in spite of Christianity. We got all

1032
00:38:49,737 --> 00:38:50,376
the benefits.

1033
00:38:51,094 --> 00:38:53,409
It's in spite of them. That is... I'm,

1034
00:38:53,648 --> 00:38:55,106
I'm reading now to

1035
00:38:55,578 --> 00:38:56,931
really, really good books that I think Ben

1036
00:38:57,010 --> 00:38:58,920
Bai at the interviewed recommended in a and

1037
00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:01,069
a fascinating. The first 1, it's a it's

1038
00:39:01,069 --> 00:39:04,289
a the same author. The first one's called

1039
00:39:04,344 --> 00:39:05,853
the closing of the western mind.

1040
00:39:07,045 --> 00:39:08,736
And it basically starts with greece

1041
00:39:09,825 --> 00:39:11,909
and the flourishing of grease a success of

1042
00:39:11,909 --> 00:39:13,449
reason, and how wonderful grease is

1043
00:39:13,829 --> 00:39:15,989
and how wonderful rome is to logic extent.

1044
00:39:16,469 --> 00:39:18,710
And then Christianity comes around and shuts it

1045
00:39:18,710 --> 00:39:18,949
down,

1046
00:39:19,670 --> 00:39:20,710
literally shuts it down.

1047
00:39:21,364 --> 00:39:22,324
Shuts the mind down.

1048
00:39:23,045 --> 00:39:24,484
And for thousand years,

1049
00:39:25,125 --> 00:39:26,025
there no

1050
00:39:27,204 --> 00:39:29,139
observations in the west. At the Greece,

1051
00:39:29,699 --> 00:39:32,019
every generation, they're observing. They they don't get

1052
00:39:32,019 --> 00:39:34,199
it right, but they're observing and they're adding

1053
00:39:34,339 --> 00:39:36,420
to our body of knowledge for a thousand

1054
00:39:36,420 --> 00:39:37,299
years is 0.

1055
00:39:38,351 --> 00:39:41,366
But thousand years and no new discoveries in

1056
00:39:41,366 --> 00:39:41,866
christianity

1057
00:39:42,239 --> 00:39:43,509
about medicine. Nothing.

1058
00:39:44,699 --> 00:39:45,016
Nothing.

1059
00:39:45,587 --> 00:39:46,064
Until Harvey,

1060
00:39:46,700 --> 00:39:48,846
It's over a thousand. It's almost 1500 years

1061
00:39:48,846 --> 00:39:50,356
from... I forget the name of the

1062
00:39:50,912 --> 00:39:51,412
Roman

1063
00:39:52,343 --> 00:39:52,502
physician.

1064
00:39:53,473 --> 00:39:55,945
But anyway, the the this the the Western

1065
00:39:55,945 --> 00:39:57,700
mine is shut completely. And then his second

1066
00:39:57,700 --> 00:39:59,295
book is the reopening of the Western mine.

1067
00:39:59,774 --> 00:40:01,528
And the reopening of the Western wine is

1068
00:40:01,528 --> 00:40:02,645
not by christianity.

1069
00:40:03,617 --> 00:40:06,170
It's my people within the Christian world because

1070
00:40:06,170 --> 00:40:07,685
the whole world in this part of the

1071
00:40:07,685 --> 00:40:08,323
world is christian,

1072
00:40:09,519 --> 00:40:10,019
starting

1073
00:40:10,796 --> 00:40:11,854
to discover

1074
00:40:12,391 --> 00:40:12,844
greece

1075
00:40:15,268 --> 00:40:17,754
It's An even plato and the

1076
00:40:18,207 --> 00:40:19,661
all the Greek philosophers.

1077
00:40:20,210 --> 00:40:22,929
Who open up the Western world, in spite

1078
00:40:22,929 --> 00:40:24,530
of K christianity, and in spite of K

1079
00:40:24,530 --> 00:40:25,809
christianity, said attempt to close it.

1080
00:40:26,530 --> 00:40:28,369
If you look at all the the the

1081
00:40:28,369 --> 00:40:30,545
the thinkers who to using Greek ideas into

1082
00:40:30,545 --> 00:40:32,304
the world that K christianity would like to

1083
00:40:32,304 --> 00:40:33,664
suppress them or would like to stop them.

1084
00:40:35,025 --> 00:40:38,096
So it's ideas that shape the world, not

1085
00:40:38,154 --> 00:40:41,182
countries, not size, not shape. And indeed, if

1086
00:40:41,182 --> 00:40:43,733
you look at Islam, first all islam sp

1087
00:40:43,733 --> 00:40:44,451
before christianity.

1088
00:40:44,944 --> 00:40:47,497
Because Slump splinter to shi and Sun well

1089
00:40:47,497 --> 00:40:49,832
before Christianity had Protestants. And... But

1090
00:40:50,449 --> 00:40:52,697
Islam went to a golden age the book

1091
00:40:52,697 --> 00:40:54,765
makes the case, islam to the extent that

1092
00:40:54,765 --> 00:40:57,708
they adopted Greek ideas during a certain period

1093
00:40:57,708 --> 00:40:58,344
in their history.

1094
00:40:59,060 --> 00:41:00,925
And They were the 1 making astronomical

1095
00:41:01,536 --> 00:41:01,695
observations.

1096
00:41:02,409 --> 00:41:05,187
They were hundreds of years ahead of the

1097
00:41:05,266 --> 00:41:06,536
Christian Wilderness as a medicine.

1098
00:41:07,030 --> 00:41:09,849
Hundred... Few under study medicine, you went Persia

1099
00:41:10,389 --> 00:41:12,550
in the in the tenth century eleventh century

1100
00:41:12,550 --> 00:41:13,110
twelfth century.

1101
00:41:14,480 --> 00:41:16,305
They they were making... I mean, think of

1102
00:41:16,384 --> 00:41:16,781
Algebra.

1103
00:41:17,575 --> 00:41:18,313
Think of,

1104
00:41:19,003 --> 00:41:21,146
I mean, stunning that until I think is

1105
00:41:21,146 --> 00:41:23,307
the twelfth of thirteenth century, in the in

1106
00:41:23,307 --> 00:41:25,060
in the Christian world, we were still using

1107
00:41:25,140 --> 00:41:28,248
Roman numerals. Can you imagine doing math with

1108
00:41:28,328 --> 00:41:29,125
Roman numerals?

1109
00:41:30,894 --> 00:41:32,434
And what brought,

1110
00:41:33,054 --> 00:41:34,894
you know, the new... The the the the

1111
00:41:34,894 --> 00:41:35,394
the

1112
00:41:36,094 --> 00:41:38,094
number system we have today, The that.

1113
00:41:39,387 --> 00:41:41,538
Learned from India and brought it into the

1114
00:41:41,617 --> 00:41:42,436
West. So

1115
00:41:43,211 --> 00:41:46,079
no, it's not how many countries of the

1116
00:41:46,079 --> 00:41:48,331
division or all of that, what it is

1117
00:41:48,484 --> 00:41:52,135
is ideas. It is intellectual. It is the

1118
00:41:52,135 --> 00:41:54,674
red discovery of a great civilization of the

1119
00:41:54,674 --> 00:41:55,627
past, which is Greece,

1120
00:41:56,199 --> 00:41:58,760
that ultimately shaped. And once those ideas were

1121
00:41:58,760 --> 00:42:01,159
introduced, then there was no question, Christianity with

1122
00:42:01,159 --> 00:42:03,079
splinter, there was no question that they would

1123
00:42:03,079 --> 00:42:05,814
start challenging dogma, start thinking a new they

1124
00:42:05,814 --> 00:42:07,253
weren't quite ready to give up on God

1125
00:42:07,253 --> 00:42:09,650
and give up in Christianity, but things were

1126
00:42:09,650 --> 00:42:11,168
going to break up and there was going

1127
00:42:11,168 --> 00:42:13,085
to be... There was gonna be conflict And

1128
00:42:13,085 --> 00:42:15,089
the question is what kind of conflict that

1129
00:42:15,089 --> 00:42:17,892
was and how it would manifest itself. But

1130
00:42:19,297 --> 00:42:21,045
it it is... If you're gonna give, you

1131
00:42:21,045 --> 00:42:23,442
know, the credit for the world just which

1132
00:42:23,442 --> 00:42:25,188
we live goes to the Greeks and it

1133
00:42:25,188 --> 00:42:27,252
goes to the Greek thinkers and the Greek

1134
00:42:27,252 --> 00:42:27,752
philosophers

1135
00:42:28,125 --> 00:42:30,268
and to the people in the west who

1136
00:42:30,268 --> 00:42:31,879
discovered them, and

1137
00:42:32,429 --> 00:42:35,463
courageous enough and brave enough to challenge the

1138
00:42:35,463 --> 00:42:35,963
church

1139
00:42:36,340 --> 00:42:38,656
and to advocate for these ideas in spite

1140
00:42:38,656 --> 00:42:40,333
of the fact that many of them risked

1141
00:42:40,333 --> 00:42:42,103
their lives in order to do it. The

1142
00:42:42,103 --> 00:42:43,056
new testament is in Greek.

1143
00:42:44,486 --> 00:42:45,836
He was all it was all in Greek.

1144
00:42:45,995 --> 00:42:48,458
Right? I mean, at least civilization was Greek.

1145
00:42:49,586 --> 00:42:51,654
I mean, that the Western church split and

1146
00:42:51,654 --> 00:42:53,404
became in in turn to Latin, but the

1147
00:42:53,404 --> 00:42:55,632
but all of the important writings were originally

1148
00:42:55,632 --> 00:42:55,950
in Greek.

1149
00:42:56,681 --> 00:42:59,230
And and part of, a lot of what

1150
00:42:59,230 --> 00:43:01,163
a lot of that has been lost because

1151
00:43:01,937 --> 00:43:03,768
because the Christians burnt down a lot of

1152
00:43:03,768 --> 00:43:04,167
libraries.

1153
00:43:04,899 --> 00:43:05,219
Thank you.

1154
00:43:08,654 --> 00:43:11,370
You may have just answered my question about

1155
00:43:11,370 --> 00:43:11,690
the books.

1156
00:43:12,659 --> 00:43:14,647
Closing of the western mine running of the

1157
00:43:14,647 --> 00:43:17,431
western mine. Was it something else that you

1158
00:43:17,431 --> 00:43:20,770
would recommend about the enlightenment. You said you

1159
00:43:20,770 --> 00:43:23,326
read a recently saw thing what apart from

1160
00:43:23,326 --> 00:43:25,309
these 2? Well, I mean, a a favorite

1161
00:43:25,309 --> 00:43:26,895
off of mine about the alignment is a

1162
00:43:26,895 --> 00:43:29,354
guy named Jonathan Israel. He... He's written a

1163
00:43:29,354 --> 00:43:31,196
lot of book. Now he's quite academic, some

1164
00:43:31,196 --> 00:43:33,739
of them quite academic. And, you know, so

1165
00:43:33,739 --> 00:43:35,647
when I was wanted to re read about

1166
00:43:35,885 --> 00:43:36,998
the history of the Netherlands.

1167
00:43:37,969 --> 00:43:39,407
I went... You know, I I knew Jonathan

1168
00:43:39,407 --> 00:43:41,085
and Israel role was interested. So I I

1169
00:43:41,085 --> 00:43:43,163
found a book of his on the history

1170
00:43:43,163 --> 00:43:45,400
of the Netherlands, not available in

1171
00:43:45,894 --> 00:43:47,886
in audiobook book not available Kindle Either had

1172
00:43:47,886 --> 00:43:49,958
buy an actual book, which I don't do

1173
00:43:49,958 --> 00:43:52,109
anymore. And it showed up in my house,

1174
00:43:52,268 --> 00:43:53,088
and it was

1175
00:43:53,558 --> 00:43:55,546
it was atlas shrugged as like tiny in

1176
00:43:55,546 --> 00:43:56,818
comparison. It was this thick.

1177
00:43:57,851 --> 00:43:59,362
And I have to admit I haven't read

1178
00:43:59,362 --> 00:44:01,244
the whole thing. I just... You know, I

1179
00:44:01,844 --> 00:44:04,721
But it's fascinating, and he is a little

1180
00:44:04,721 --> 00:44:06,479
academic. He can be a little academic Has

1181
00:44:06,479 --> 00:44:08,477
some pop more popular books, but but he's

1182
00:44:08,477 --> 00:44:09,137
a favorite

1183
00:44:10,807 --> 00:44:11,364
There's 1,

1184
00:44:12,637 --> 00:44:14,944
the enlightenment, the pursuit of happiness, something about

1185
00:44:14,944 --> 00:44:16,535
the pursuit of happiness, which is quite good.

1186
00:44:16,774 --> 00:44:18,206
It's it's got pursuit of happiness in the

1187
00:44:18,206 --> 00:44:19,001
title and enlightenment.

1188
00:44:20,050 --> 00:44:21,083
IIII

1189
00:44:21,083 --> 00:44:22,356
really like the book the cave in the

1190
00:44:22,356 --> 00:44:24,741
light, which is a history of all the

1191
00:44:24,741 --> 00:44:27,285
of western history, basically from the perspective is

1192
00:44:27,285 --> 00:44:29,922
a battle between and potato. Mh. Thanks.

1193
00:44:31,667 --> 00:44:32,302
Okay. Year,

1194
00:44:32,936 --> 00:44:34,285
for those who don't don't know me. I've

1195
00:44:34,285 --> 00:44:36,085
lived my whole life in the Netherlands and

1196
00:44:36,362 --> 00:44:38,213
by far, you addressed most positive

1197
00:44:39,459 --> 00:44:40,094
that I've ever heard,

1198
00:44:40,889 --> 00:44:41,603
but I like to,

1199
00:44:42,556 --> 00:44:44,479
recommend maybe you've read him already, but after

1200
00:44:44,479 --> 00:44:46,796
the 80 years war with Spain, we had

1201
00:44:46,796 --> 00:44:48,713
a government and that period was called True

1202
00:44:48,873 --> 00:44:50,790
Freedom. And that was by Johan D vid.

1203
00:44:51,364 --> 00:44:53,911
And basically, he motivated a lot of people

1204
00:44:53,911 --> 00:44:56,298
to for instance so you got to hurt

1205
00:44:56,298 --> 00:44:58,527
to write about free cs. So as you

1206
00:44:58,527 --> 00:45:00,676
go to Melee, maybe you can bring some

1207
00:45:00,676 --> 00:45:02,367
of joe on the its side id because

1208
00:45:02,367 --> 00:45:03,566
he was a guy in his thirties,

1209
00:45:04,045 --> 00:45:07,640
running our country with specifically calling freedom is

1210
00:45:07,640 --> 00:45:09,194
required. Yeah. And and

1211
00:45:09,574 --> 00:45:10,934
there was a a republic here. And there

1212
00:45:10,934 --> 00:45:12,074
it it was it was

1213
00:45:12,534 --> 00:45:14,454
this was probably the frees country at the

1214
00:45:14,454 --> 00:45:15,150
time in Europe

1215
00:45:16,303 --> 00:45:18,451
that unfortunately ended at some point, Again, and

1216
00:45:18,531 --> 00:45:19,804
I think because of the war with France.

1217
00:45:20,281 --> 00:45:20,599
But

1218
00:45:21,395 --> 00:45:23,320
but there was a period here there was

1219
00:45:23,320 --> 00:45:25,310
a there was a probably it was under

1220
00:45:25,310 --> 00:45:27,061
real public in the same sense as America,

1221
00:45:27,539 --> 00:45:30,006
but it was given the times, it was

1222
00:45:30,006 --> 00:45:32,019
about a free as you could get, in

1223
00:45:32,179 --> 00:45:33,859
Europe it was more similar to the kind

1224
00:45:33,859 --> 00:45:35,699
of the Venetian republics and the,

1225
00:45:36,500 --> 00:45:38,831
quarantined republics and and topics that have been...

1226
00:45:39,070 --> 00:45:41,163
That had been around for a while, not,

1227
00:45:41,460 --> 00:45:43,292
you know, kind of the the the the

1228
00:45:43,372 --> 00:45:45,698
American system of government. But as good as

1229
00:45:45,698 --> 00:45:46,815
it got. So

1230
00:45:47,773 --> 00:45:49,289
this is in in that sense,

1231
00:45:50,087 --> 00:45:51,523
very much AAAA

1232
00:45:51,523 --> 00:45:54,722
part of the the beginning of civilization and...

1233
00:45:54,881 --> 00:45:55,516
Oh or crucial,

1234
00:45:56,549 --> 00:45:59,726
key point in civilization and transmission of civilization

1235
00:45:59,726 --> 00:46:00,917
from Italy Northern Europe york.

1236
00:46:02,682 --> 00:46:04,750
And the end of his regime, basically we

1237
00:46:04,750 --> 00:46:06,420
don't know it, but they were shirts and

1238
00:46:06,420 --> 00:46:08,304
then we got kings back. Yes. So,

1239
00:46:08,903 --> 00:46:11,221
and that's the decline. Yeah. Yep. Thanks.

1240
00:46:16,186 --> 00:46:17,697
Thank you for listening to the Ina Rand

1241
00:46:18,016 --> 00:46:19,311
Institute live podcast.

1242
00:46:20,084 --> 00:46:21,755
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1243
00:46:22,311 --> 00:46:24,399
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1244
00:46:24,399 --> 00:46:26,552
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1245
00:46:26,552 --> 00:46:29,605
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00:46:29,663 --> 00:46:30,699
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