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Feel like who?

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Art editor.

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Who?

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Speaker:
Artist.

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Mr. wood.

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Art editor.

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Me?

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Speaker:
Good either way.

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It's ambiguous.

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It works on so many levels.

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I know that's off to a great
start.

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Speaker:
Welcome to wholehearted weekly
art history for all ages.

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Speaker:
I'm your host, Kyle Wood, and

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today we're digging into King

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Speaker:
Tut's tomb.

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On November twenty sixth,
nineteen twenty two, Howard

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Carter prepared to enter the
tomb of a little known pharaoh.

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Nobody had set foot inside the
space for over three thousand

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years, but as Carter held up his
candle, his partner Lord

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Carnarvon, who had financed the
expedition, called out, asking

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if he saw anything.

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Carter responded yes, wonderful
things.

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King Tutankhamun, often referred
to as King Tut, ascended to the

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throne at the tender age of nine
during the eighteenth dynasty of

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the New Kingdom in Egypt around
thirteen thirty two BCE.

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Workers hastily completed his
tomb as the boy king appeared to

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have died unexpectedly when he
was just a teenager.

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While there are numerous
theories as to how he passed, I

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am inclined to believe those who
say he likely died from malaria

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or an infection.

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There were theories that he died
in a chariot crash because of

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the chariots left in his tomb,
along with numerous broken bones

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and the skeleton.

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However, DNA analysis indicated
that Tutankhamun had a severe

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clubbed foot and other maladies,
likely stemming from the

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verticality of his family tree.

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Tutankhamun was physically

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frail, likely in a great deal of

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pain during his short life, and

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would not have been capable of

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riding chariots.

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The contents of the tomb also
indicate Tut's disability.

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He was buried with one hundred
and thirty canes and walking

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sticks to aid him in getting
around in the afterlife.

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Now, as a ruler, King Tut really
was not all that remarkable.

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Probably his greatest
achievement was restoring

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traditional religious practices.

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His predecessor Akhenaten, also
King Tut's father.

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I guess Tutankhamun's initial
name was Tutankhaten, but he

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changed it as he took the throne
as sort of a signifier that he

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was getting away from his
allegiance to his father, um,

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Speaker:
who was considered to be sort of
a heretical king and, um, sort

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of symbolically getting back
towards the old religions.

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Akhenaten had undergone some

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drastic religious reforms,

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pushing everyone to worship

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Aten, the sun disk, as the

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primary god.

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Tutankhamun restored the

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polytheistic tradition, bringing

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back the priests and the temples

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that had been out of favour

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during that previous

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administration.

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He also moved the capital back
to Thebes.

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He supported the arts and pushed
to improve the economy,

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revitalising trade networks that
had suffered under Akhenaten.

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The thing is, while all of this
sounds like he was restoring

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Egypt to normalcy after the
radical reign of Akhenaten, he

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was still Akhenaten son.

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So people associated the two of
them together.

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He was likely just going along
with his advisors plans.

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Remember, Tutankhamun was only

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nine years old when he took the

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throne, so people like Nefertiti

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were likely just pulling the

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strings.

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When Tutankhamun died young, he
left no children as heirs.

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Military strongmen came in to
grab power, and the Pharaoh AoNB

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worked to erase Tut and
Akhenaten from history.

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Horemheb actually continued

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Tut's reforms and then took over

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Tut's monuments, carving his own

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name over Tut's wherever he

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could.

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Ironically, King Tutankhamun
became a household name in the

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twentieth century because he was
almost entirely forgotten three

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thousand years ago, because
Tutankhamun wasn't spoken of and

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essentially erased from history.

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So shortly after his death.

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He was quickly forgotten by most

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Egyptians, including would be

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looters.

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As a result, his was the most

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fully intact tomb to be

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excavated in the twentieth

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century.

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There were about five thousand

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treasures in the tomb when

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Howard Carter and his team came

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in.

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It actually took them about a
decade just to catalogue and

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carefully remove everything now
from the looks of things.

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While Carter's team was very
careful and meticulous, removing

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Speaker:
everything, the ancient
Egyptians had to rush the job as

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Speaker:
they filled the space.

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The stone sarcophagus, for

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example, has some unfinished

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details.

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Workers painted on some jewelry

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pieces that would normally have

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been carved.

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The lid was granite, but the
base was quartzite.

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Archaeologists say that
something must have happened to

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the original quartzite lid, and
they simply made do with what

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they had on hand.

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A granite lid was carved and
painted to look like quartzite,

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but repair work also indicates
that the granite cracked during

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the rushed carving process.

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Things breaking and being
hastily repaired appears to be

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the theme for King Tut.

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Probably the most famous

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treasure from the tomb of King

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Tutankhamun would be his burial

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mask.

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It's twenty two and a half
pounds, constructed of gold and

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precious jewels along stylized
beard hung from the chin.

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But when Carter opened the tomb,
the beard had broken off.

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They inserted a wood dowel rod
to reattach the beard.

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But in twenty fourteen, some
museum workers were cleaning the

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Speaker:
glass case when they
accidentally broke the beard

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Speaker:
off, apparently in a move that
seems way too relatable.

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They just hastily tried to cover

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their mistake by quickly gluing

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it back on and hoping nobody

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would notice.

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Unfortunately, the beard was

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slightly off center and people

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Speaker:
noticed some epoxy residue

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around where the pieces were

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connected.

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In twenty fifteen, a team of

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preservationists cleaned up the

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mess and reattached the beard

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using beeswax, which was kind of

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Speaker:
surprising to me, but I guess it

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was in line with ancient

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Egyptian methods.

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And why all the significance

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with the beard, you might be

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Speaker:
wondering?

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Speaker:
Great question.

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Speaker:
Glad I asked myself.

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The beard, like everything else
about the mask, was symbolic.

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It was intended to connect him
to the image of a god.

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Speaker:
The gold served the same

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function as Egyptian gods were

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Speaker:
described as having skin of gold

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and bones of silver, hair of

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lapis lazuli.

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The burial mask was not a

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Speaker:
naturalistic depiction of the

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king as he looked in life, but

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rather an idealized depiction of

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Speaker:
what he would look like in the

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afterlife.

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Speaker:
He wears the nemes headdress,
the striped headcloth typically

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worn by ancient Egyptian
pharaohs, and just above his

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Speaker:
forehead we see the vulture and
cobra, symbols of goddesses,

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Speaker:
watching over him and
symbolizing his rule over both

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Speaker:
Upper and Lower Egypt.

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While his innermost coffin was
made of gold.

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Speaker:
It did not appear shiny when

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Carter and his team first

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Speaker:
encountered it.

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Carter described the coffin as

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Speaker:
being pitch black from the hands

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to the toes, as it had been

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covered in some liquid for a

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ritual anointing.

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In his hands were the crook and
flail symbols.

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The king's right to rule the
goddesses Nekhbet, the vulture,

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Speaker:
and Wadjet the cobra, are
spreading across his torso,

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inlaid in semi-precious stones.

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Beneath them we can see two more
goddesses, Isis and Nephthys,

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Speaker:
etched in gold.

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All of these treasures.

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Because the Egyptian pharaohs

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spent most of their lives

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planning for the afterlife from

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the moment they ascended to the

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Speaker:
throne, rulers would have crews

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building tombs guarded by walls,

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secret entrances, traps and

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spells.

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In yet another great bit of
irony, the tomb that appears to

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have been the most hastily
constructed also appears to have

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been the best preserved.

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Tutankhamun was allowed to rest

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Speaker:
in peace for well over three

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thousand years, until Howard

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Carter came around to dig up the

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Speaker:
King's remains.

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And though his reign may have

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been short, the treasures found

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in Tutankhamun's tomb have given

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him an outsized place in the

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history books and popular

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culture.

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If you want to learn a little
bit more about ancient Egyptian

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art, check out the episodes
linked in the show notes.

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And as always, if you enjoy this

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show, please tell a friend about

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it or do me a favor and leave a

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Speaker:
kind rating or review on Apple

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Speaker:
Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever

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Speaker:
you're listening.

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This concludes this week's

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episode of Who Arted, part of

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the Airwave Media Podcast

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Network.

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If you found this tolerable,
please leave a rating or review

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Speaker:
on your favorite podcast app.

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You can find images of the work

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Speaker:
being discussed this week and

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every week on social media at

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Wholehearted Podcast, on

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Twitter, Instagram and TikTok

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and of course, on the website

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who Arted Podcast.com podcast

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done.